吉林省辽河流域土壤涵水与缓冲带截污能力研究
发布时间：2018-09-05 07:08
【摘要】：辽河是中国的七大河流之一,发源于河北省平泉县七老图山脉的光头山,流经河北、内蒙古、吉林、辽宁四省(自治区),主要支流包括浑河、大辽河、东辽河和招苏台河等。本文以吉林省辽河流域为研究区,研究对象为区内的东辽河、招苏台河以及招苏台河的支流条子河,这三条河流不仅为流经地区提供了宝贵的水资源,同时也承纳了流域内大量的生活、农业和工业污水,已经遭到严重污染,改善流域水体污染状况,缓解农业面源污染是目前亟待解决的关键问题。本研究是在导师主持的国家科技重大专项 水体污染控制与治理‖中的 辽河流域水体污染综合治理技术集成与工程示范项目‖支持下,基于课题组已有的研究成果,结合野外样品采集、现场试验模拟和数值模型模拟等方法,对流域土壤涵水和河岸缓冲带截污能力开展了较为系统地研究,研究结果为提高河岸缓冲带的截污能力和缓解流域水体污染等问题提供理论依据,本文的主要结论如下:(1)利用Arcgis10软件研究流域土壤物理性质的空间分布特征。流域河流两岸和水库周边的容重值较低,而总孔隙度的空间分布与容重相反。农田土壤的容重值大而总孔隙值小,土壤水分吸收和运输能力较差;森林土壤容重值小而总孔隙度大,林下土壤的物理性质受林木种类的影响较大。(2)基于地统计学方法研究流域土壤的涵水能力和土壤总氮、总磷的空间分布特征。研究结果表明,土壤的渗透性与容重和含水率呈负相关关系,与总孔隙度呈正相关关系。土壤总氮和总磷均表现为各向异性的空间异质性,且由东南向西北呈纵向梯度变化趋势。(3)降雨径流冲刷实验研究结果表明,河岸缓冲带对氮和磷具有一定的截留作用。宽度是影响缓冲带土壤截污能力的因素之一,土壤的持水能力和渗透性是制约缓冲带土壤截污效果的重要因素。(4)采用有限元数值模拟技术构建了缓冲带污染物截留模型,从微观尺度阐明氮、磷在缓冲带土壤中的迁移规律。研究结果进一步验证了河岸缓冲带土壤对二者的截留作用,HYDRUS2D/3D模型的模拟精度高,适用于研究氮和磷在河岸缓冲带土壤中的迁移规律。(5)基于全文的研究,对流域河岸缓冲带的合理构建提出建议。根据研究区的地貌类型,建议低山丘陵区缓冲带的宽度为15-60m,平原区缓冲带宽度为5-20m;提出了低山丘陵区、平原区和城乡交界区三种典型地区河岸缓冲带的构建方案。
[Abstract]:Liaohe River is one of the seven major rivers in China, originated in Guangtou Mountain of the Seven Laotu Mountains in Pingquan County, Hebei Province. It flows through Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning provinces (autonomous regions). The main tributaries include the Hunhe River, the Great Liaohe River, the East Liaohe River and the Zhaosutai River. In this paper, the Liaohe River Basin of Jilin Province is taken as the research area. The research objects are the East Liaohe River, the Zhaosutai River and the tributary of the Zhaosutai River. These three rivers not only provide valuable water resources for the flowing area, At the same time, it has also accepted a large number of living in the basin, agricultural and industrial sewage has been seriously polluted, to improve the river basin water pollution situation, to alleviate agricultural non-point source pollution is the key problem to be solved. This research is supported by the integrated technology integration and engineering demonstration project of water pollution control and control in the Liaohe River Basin, which is a major national science and technology project run by our tutor, and based on the existing research results of the research group. Combined with field sample collection, field test simulation and numerical model simulation, a systematic study was carried out on the water holding capacity of the watershed soil and the interception capacity of the riverbank buffer zone. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the pollution interception capacity of riparian buffer zone and alleviating water pollution. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the spatial distribution characteristics of soil physical properties in river basin are studied by Arcgis10 software. The bulk density of river banks and reservoirs is lower, but the spatial distribution of total porosity is opposite to that of bulk density. The bulk density of farmland soil is large, but the total pore value is small, the capacity of water absorption and transportation is poor, and the bulk density of forest soil is small, but the total porosity of forest soil is large. The physical properties of understory soil were greatly affected by tree species. (2) based on the geostatistics method, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus in watershed were studied. The results showed that soil permeability was negatively correlated with bulk density and moisture content and positively correlated with total porosity. Soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus show anisotropic spatial heterogeneity, and the trend of vertical gradient change from southeast to northwest. (3) the results of rainfall runoff scour experiment show that the buffer zone of riverbank has a certain interception effect on nitrogen and phosphorus. The width is one of the factors that influence the ability of soil pollution interception in buffer zone, and the water holding capacity and permeability of soil are the important factors that restrict the soil pollution interception effect. (4) the model of pollutant interception in buffer zone is constructed by using finite element numerical simulation technology. The transport laws of nitrogen and phosphorus in buffer zone soil were explained from microcosmic scale. The results further verify the high accuracy of the HYDRUS2D / 3D model for soil interception in riparian buffer zone, which is suitable for studying the migration of nitrogen and phosphorus in riparian buffer zone soil. (5) based on the full text of the study, Some suggestions on the rational construction of riparian buffer zone in river basin are put forward. According to the geomorphological types of the study area, it is suggested that the width of the buffer zone in the hilly region is 15-60 m, and the width of the buffer zone in the plain region is 5-20 m, and the construction scheme of the riparian buffer zone in the three typical areas of the low hilly region, the plain region and the bordering region of urban and rural areas is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52
[Abstract]:Liaohe River is one of the seven major rivers in China, originated in Guangtou Mountain of the Seven Laotu Mountains in Pingquan County, Hebei Province. It flows through Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning provinces (autonomous regions). The main tributaries include the Hunhe River, the Great Liaohe River, the East Liaohe River and the Zhaosutai River. In this paper, the Liaohe River Basin of Jilin Province is taken as the research area. The research objects are the East Liaohe River, the Zhaosutai River and the tributary of the Zhaosutai River. These three rivers not only provide valuable water resources for the flowing area, At the same time, it has also accepted a large number of living in the basin, agricultural and industrial sewage has been seriously polluted, to improve the river basin water pollution situation, to alleviate agricultural non-point source pollution is the key problem to be solved. This research is supported by the integrated technology integration and engineering demonstration project of water pollution control and control in the Liaohe River Basin, which is a major national science and technology project run by our tutor, and based on the existing research results of the research group. Combined with field sample collection, field test simulation and numerical model simulation, a systematic study was carried out on the water holding capacity of the watershed soil and the interception capacity of the riverbank buffer zone. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the pollution interception capacity of riparian buffer zone and alleviating water pollution. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the spatial distribution characteristics of soil physical properties in river basin are studied by Arcgis10 software. The bulk density of river banks and reservoirs is lower, but the spatial distribution of total porosity is opposite to that of bulk density. The bulk density of farmland soil is large, but the total pore value is small, the capacity of water absorption and transportation is poor, and the bulk density of forest soil is small, but the total porosity of forest soil is large. The physical properties of understory soil were greatly affected by tree species. (2) based on the geostatistics method, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus in watershed were studied. The results showed that soil permeability was negatively correlated with bulk density and moisture content and positively correlated with total porosity. Soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus show anisotropic spatial heterogeneity, and the trend of vertical gradient change from southeast to northwest. (3) the results of rainfall runoff scour experiment show that the buffer zone of riverbank has a certain interception effect on nitrogen and phosphorus. The width is one of the factors that influence the ability of soil pollution interception in buffer zone, and the water holding capacity and permeability of soil are the important factors that restrict the soil pollution interception effect. (4) the model of pollutant interception in buffer zone is constructed by using finite element numerical simulation technology. The transport laws of nitrogen and phosphorus in buffer zone soil were explained from microcosmic scale. The results further verify the high accuracy of the HYDRUS2D / 3D model for soil interception in riparian buffer zone, which is suitable for studying the migration of nitrogen and phosphorus in riparian buffer zone soil. (5) based on the full text of the study, Some suggestions on the rational construction of riparian buffer zone in river basin are put forward. According to the geomorphological types of the study area, it is suggested that the width of the buffer zone in the hilly region is 15-60 m, and the width of the buffer zone in the plain region is 5-20 m, and the construction scheme of the riparian buffer zone in the three typical areas of the low hilly region, the plain region and the bordering region of urban and rural areas is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X52
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