仿人眼光学系统与视觉注意机理研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 12:05

【摘要】：随着工程技术的发展,视觉成像与信息处理系统在生活中得到了广泛的应用。经过长期的进化,人眼形成了独特的光学结构与视觉信息处理机制,为仿生视觉系统研究提供了新的思路和方法。本文对人眼的光学结构、成像机理与视觉信息处理机制进行系统性的分析,提出新型仿人眼光学系统设计与视觉注意建模方法,研制出基于高分子聚合物材料的固液混合多层可调透镜、仿人眼变焦距光学成像系统和仿生可调节人工晶状体,并建立基于双通道与特征融合的视觉注意模型,进行相关的仿真与实验研究,促进仿人眼视觉技术在光学、眼科学与图像处理中的应用与发展,主要内容如下:第一章,阐述本课题的相关研究背景、目的与意义,介绍仿人眼视觉技术方面的研究内容与概况,着重对变焦距光学系统、人工晶状体与视觉注意模型的国内外研究现状和主要方法进行阐述,分析仿人眼光学系统与视觉注意机理研究所面临的主要问题,并给出本课题的主要研究内容。第二章,针对可调光学透镜设计与制作的关键问题进行研究,提出新型基于高分子聚合物材料的固液混合多层可调透镜的结构原理,并对其制作工艺和调节过程展开深入研究。首先,对人眼的生理特点与光学模型进行介绍与分析,根据高分子弹性聚合物材料的特点,提出固液混合多层可调透镜的结构原理;然后,对聚合物材料的本构关系进行分析,并提出可调透镜的制作方法与工艺流程;最后,搭建可调透镜实验平台,对可调透镜的形变特点、成像效果、调焦过程进行测试,得到可调透镜负载-曲率半径-焦距的非线性变化曲线,并完成透镜光学特性的仿真实验与定量分析。第三章,根据人眼的光学结构与调焦特点,提出仿人眼光学成像系统的实现原理与研制方法。首先,进行仿人眼光学成像系统的整体结构与调焦方案设计,提出基于仿生变焦镜头的光学成像系统的实现原理与设计方法;然后,根据系统的结构特点,对关键组件进行原型样机的设计与制备;最后,针对仿人眼光学成像系统的调焦控制问题,设计仿人眼光学成像系统的焦距控制平台,对成像系统的调焦范围、成像效果、光学特性进行实验测试与仿真分析,得到仿人眼光学系统的成像特点与焦距调节规律。第四章,将聚合物可调透镜用于变倍成像系统中,提出基于聚合物可调透镜的变倍成像系统,对系统的结构特点与调节机理进行研究。针对基于可调透镜光学变倍成像系统的设计优化问题,对系统的像差理论进行分析,得出基于可调透镜的变倍系统像差优化的特点与一般原则。最后,对原型样机的变倍效果、成像质量与光学特性进行测试、仿真与分析,得到位移负载-焦距-变倍数的变化特点与调节规律。第五章,针对人眼视觉调节能力退化问题,提出仿生可调节人工晶状体的结构原理与制作工艺。首先,对人眼晶状体的结构特点与形变机理进行研究,分析晶状体的光学模型;再根据人眼晶状体特点与应用需求,提出仿生可调节人工晶状体的设计方法,并对其光学结构、制作工艺进行研究;最后,搭建仿生可调节人工晶状体测试平台,对其形变特点、调节能力、成像效果、表面粗糙度等进行实验测试与分析。第六章,对人眼的视觉注意过程与颜色拮抗机制进行分析,模拟人眼视觉感知过程的多通道特性与神经生物学机理,提出基于双通道与特征融合的视觉注意建模方法。利用多尺度对比度特征和位置特征建立预注意通路,基于高斯金字塔与多特征融合建立后注意通路,通过加权整合机制生成总显著图并确定注意区域。对算法基本原理、显著性度量和特征融合方法进行研究,与传统的视觉注意模型的处理结果进行比较,通过实验对本文模型的有效性进行验证与分析。第七章,对全文进行总结,阐述本课题的主要研究结论与创新点,并对课题后续的研究工作做出展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of Engineering technology, visual imaging and information processing systems have been widely used in daily life. After a long period of evolution, the human eye has formed a unique optical structure and visual information processing mechanism, which provides a new idea and method for the study of bionic vision system. The information processing mechanism is analyzed systematically, and a new design method of human eye-like optical system and visual attention modeling method are proposed. A solid-liquid mixed multi-layer adjustable lens, a human eye zoom optical imaging system and a bionic adjustable intraocular lens based on polymer materials are developed, and a vision based on two-channel and feature fusion is established. The main contents are as follows: In the first chapter, the research background, purpose and significance of this subject are expounded, and the research contents and general situation of human-like vision technology are introduced, focusing on zoom optics. Systems, intraocular lenses and visual attention models at home and abroad are described, and the main problems in the research of human-like optical system and visual attention mechanism are analyzed. The main research contents of this subject are given. Chapter 2, the key problems in the design and fabrication of adjustable optical lenses are studied. The structure and principle of a new type of solid-liquid mixed multi-layer adjustable lens based on polymer materials are studied. The fabrication process and adjusting process are studied deeply. Firstly, the physiological characteristics and optical model of human eye are introduced and analyzed. According to the characteristics of polymer elastic materials, the structure of the solid-liquid mixed multi-layer adjustable lens is proposed. Then, the constitutive relation of polymer material is analyzed, and the fabrication method and technological process of the adjustable lens are proposed. Finally, the experimental platform of the adjustable lens is built to test the deformation characteristics, imaging effect and focusing process of the adjustable lens, and the nonlinear variation curve of the load-curvature radius-focal length of the adjustable lens is obtained. In the third chapter, according to the optical structure and focusing characteristics of the human eye, the realization principle and development method of the optical imaging system of the human eye are proposed. Firstly, the overall structure and focusing scheme of the optical imaging system of the human eye are designed, and the optical imaging system based on the bionic zoom lens is proposed. Secondly, according to the structure characteristics of the system, the prototype prototype is designed and fabricated. Finally, aiming at the problem of focusing control of the human eye optical imaging system, the focal length control platform of the human eye optical imaging system is designed to realize the focusing range, imaging effect and optical characteristics of the imaging system. The imaging characteristics and focal length adjustment rules of the human-like optical system are obtained by experimental testing and simulation analysis. In the fourth chapter, the polymer adjustable lens is used in the zoom imaging system, and a zoom imaging system based on the polymer adjustable lens is proposed. The structure characteristics and adjustment mechanism of the system are studied. Finally, the zoom effect, imaging quality and optical characteristics of the prototype are tested, and the characteristics and adjustment of displacement load-focal length-zoom are obtained by simulation and analysis. In the fifth chapter, aiming at the deterioration of human visual accommodation ability, the structure principle and fabrication technology of bionic adjustable intraocular lens are proposed. Firstly, the structural characteristics and deformation mechanism of human lens are studied, and the optical model of lens is analyzed. Then, according to the characteristics and application requirements of human lens, the bionic adjustable artificial lens is proposed. Finally, a bionic adjustable intraocular lens testing platform is built to test and analyze its deformation characteristics, adjusting ability, imaging effect, surface roughness and so on. Chapter 6 analyzes the visual attention process and color antagonism mechanism of the human eye. Based on the multi-channel characteristics and neurobiological mechanism of human visual perception process, a visual attention modeling method based on two-channel and feature fusion is proposed. The pre-attention pathway is established by using multi-scale contrast and position features, and the post-attention pathway is established by using Gaussian pyramid and multi-feature fusion. The total saliency is generated by weighted integration mechanism. The basic principle of the algorithm, saliency measurement and feature fusion method are studied, and the processing results of the traditional visual attention model are compared. The validity of the model is verified and analyzed by experiments. Chapter 7 summarizes the whole paper, expounds the main research conclusions and innovations of this topic, and discusses the effectiveness of the model. The future research work is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH74

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