典型区域大气气溶胶参数特性分析及其测量方法研究

发布时间：2018-11-02 17:38

【摘要】：地球大气气溶胶的成分、分布等变化造成对流层顶平均净辐射通量的改变,产生辐射强迫效应。气溶胶对大气辐射的影响被认为是气候变化预测中最重要和最不确定的方面之一。因此准确测量大气气溶胶物理参数对评估其辐射效应和气候效应具有重要意义。论文统计分析了我国东海、南海和沿海区域以及太平洋和印度洋的大气气溶胶粒子数密度谱数据,获得海洋大气气溶胶粒子数浓度和数密度谱分布特征以及海洋气溶胶的消光特性。提出利用微脉冲激光雷达结合粒子计数器、能见度仪和颗粒物质量浓度监测仪测量水平路径上的气溶胶质量浓度分布的方法。研制了双通道气溶胶质量浓度测量仪,可实现对大气气溶胶质量浓度的实时测量。最后统计分析了中国典型区域气溶胶光学厚度和垂直消光廓线的季节变化特征。本论文的主要研究成果及创新有:(1)统计2004年8月至2016年3月期间我国东海、南海和沿海区域以及太平洋和印度洋的大气气溶胶粒子谱的实测数据,并对其进行对数正态拟合,得出各海域粒子谱的分布特征;在此基础上分析研究了气象参数对气溶胶粒子谱的影响,给出了统计结果;深入研究了海洋飞沫气溶胶的光学传输特性,发现在大风天气条件下,气溶胶在1-3μm波段的消光特征基本不受波长影响。(2)提出了一种用于大气气溶胶质量浓度水平路径分布的计算方法,可以对以观测点为中心6千米为半径的区域内污染源进行扫描测量,分辨率高达30米。通过反演计算获得的气溶胶质量浓度值,并与颗粒物质量浓度监测仪测量值进行对比分析,证明了该算法的可靠性。相对于定点监测,反演算法具有监测范围大,分辨率高的优点,另外反演算法可以对特定区域进行平面扫描监测,获得近地面气溶胶的面分布信息,进而可以分析污染源的分布特征、时空变化信息和输送路径,为城市气溶胶污染的防控提供有效的数据支持,具有较高的应用价值。(3)气溶胶的来源和输送途径是大气气溶胶研究的重要课题,气溶胶的类型与粒子源的化学成分和粒子谱分布特征之间存在一定的关联。研制了大气气溶胶质量浓度测量系统,可直接测量大气气溶胶粒子的质量浓度,并可为后续的粒子化学成分研究以及吸收特性分析提供样品,从而为研究气溶胶粒子的来源和成分提供数据支持。(4)根据全国120个站点2009-2013年的地面气象能见度等资料,反演整层大气气溶胶光学厚度并进一步计算大气气溶胶消光系数的垂直分布廓线。统计分析了中国典型区域的能见度、气溶胶光学厚度和气溶胶垂直消光廓线在2009-2013年间的季节平均值,得到其季节变化和区域分布特征。
[Abstract]:Changes in the composition and distribution of aerosols in the Earth's atmosphere cause changes in the average net radiation flux in the tropopause, resulting in radiation forcing effects. Aerosol effects on atmospheric radiation are considered to be one of the most important and uncertain aspects of climate change prediction. Therefore, accurate measurement of atmospheric aerosol physical parameters is of great significance in evaluating the radiative and climatic effects. The atmospheric aerosol density spectra of the East China Sea, the South China Sea, the Coastal region, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are statistically analyzed in this paper. The distribution characteristics of aerosol particle number and number density spectrum and the extinction characteristics of marine aerosol were obtained. A method of measuring aerosol mass concentration distribution on horizontal path by using micropulse lidar combined with particle counter visibility meter and particle mass concentration monitor is proposed. A two-channel aerosol mass concentration measuring instrument is developed, which can be used to measure the aerosol concentration in real time. Finally, the seasonal variation characteristics of aerosol optical thickness and vertical extinction profile in typical regions of China are analyzed statistically. The main achievements and innovations of this thesis are as follows: (1) the measured data of aerosol particle spectra in the East China Sea, the South China Sea and coastal areas, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean during the period from August 2004 to March 2016 are analyzed. The distribution characteristics of particle spectrum in each sea area are obtained by logarithmic normal fitting. On this basis, the influence of meteorological parameters on aerosol particle spectrum is analyzed and the statistical results are given. The optical transport characteristics of marine droplet aerosols are studied in depth. It is found that under the condition of gale weather, The extinction characteristics of aerosols in 1-3 渭 m band are almost independent of wavelength. (2) A method for calculating the horizontal path distribution of aerosol mass concentration is proposed. The source of pollution in an area with a radius of 6 km at the center of the observation point can be scanned and measured with a resolution of up to 30 m. The aerosol mass concentration obtained by inverse calculation is compared with that measured by particle mass concentration monitor, and the reliability of the algorithm is proved. Compared with fixed-point monitoring, the inversion algorithm has the advantages of large monitoring range and high resolution. In addition, the inversion algorithm can scan a particular area and obtain the surface distribution information of aerosols near the ground. Furthermore, it can analyze the distribution characteristics of pollution sources, space-time change information and transportation path, and provide effective data support for the prevention and control of urban aerosol pollution. (3) the origin and transport path of aerosols is an important subject in the study of atmospheric aerosols, and there is a certain correlation between the types of aerosols and the chemical composition of particle sources and the characteristics of particle spectrum distribution. An atmospheric aerosol mass concentration measurement system has been developed, which can directly measure the mass concentration of atmospheric aerosol particles and provide samples for the subsequent study of the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol particles and the analysis of absorption characteristics. So as to provide data support for studying the source and composition of aerosol particles. (4) according to the data of surface meteorological visibility from 120 stations in China for 2009-2013, The atmospheric aerosol optical thickness is retrieved and the vertical profile of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient is further calculated. The seasonal mean values of visibility, aerosol optical thickness and aerosol vertical extinction profile in typical regions of China from 2009 to 2013 were analyzed, and the seasonal variation and regional distribution characteristics were obtained.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X513

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