大型复杂轮廓真空室焊接模拟及残余应力消除方法研究
[Abstract]:The vacuum chamber is the core part of a magnetically confined nuclear fusion reactor, which mainly supports the internal components, and provides a steady-state operation environment for the plasma, so that the size precision, the structural stability and the fatigue life of the vacuum chamber are high. the vacuum chamber is a double-layer shell structure with a complex profile, and the cross section is D-shaped, and has the characteristics of large size, large weight, complex structure and high requirements on the material performance. The vacuum chamber is combined by 8 sectors, and each 1/ 8 sector is welded by four 1/ 32 sectors in the manufacturing process, and the 1/ 32 sector is welded by four PS segments, and each PS segment is formed by splicing and welding the press-molded parts. many welding methods are used in the vacuum chamber forming process, such as argon arc welding, electron beam welding, narrow gap welding, and the like. The welding is thermally deformed by the local thermal input, and the welding deformation affects the accuracy of the forming dimension of the vacuum chamber, so that the welding deformation is controlled during the welding process. In order to control the welding deformation of the vacuum chamber, the welding deformation of the vacuum chamber is predicted by using the inherent variable method, and the influence of the welding sequence and the external constraint on the welding deformation is mainly studied. The welding deformation of PS1, PS2/ PS4, PS3, 1/ 32 and 1/ 16 sectors is simulated by setting different welding sequences, and the corresponding weldments are activated in the welding deformation simulation according to the welding sequence. According to the welding deformation in the absence of external constraint, the external constraint conditions are set, and the influence of the external constraint on the welding deformation is studied. The results show that the welding sequence is different from the welding component deformation and the maximum welding deformation position, and the application of the external constraint can significantly reduce the welding deformation. Through the simulation of the welding deformation, the external constraint conditions can be established, and the welding scheme with the minimum welding deformation can be determined, and the reference can be provided for engineering practice. In the process of welding, the method of rigid constraint is used to control the welding deformation, so that a large residual stress can be generated after the vacuum chamber is welded, the residual stress can cause stress corrosion to the welding structure, and the micro-crack expansion is caused, and the stability and the fatigue life of the vacuum chamber are greatly affected. In order to reduce the influence of welding residual stress on the vacuum chamber, it is necessary to eliminate the welding residual stress in the welding process and after the welding. The method of eliminating residual stress in vacuum chamber is limited by the influence of the structure, weight and material property of the vacuum chamber. The method of comparing residual stress suitable for vacuum chamber welding includes heat treatment, ultrasonic impact welding, shot blasting and vibration. In order to carry out the corresponding process research to the above-mentioned method, a welding test plate similar to the weld structure of the vacuum chamber was designed, the process of narrow gap welding was simulated by using the thermoelastic-plastic method, and the welding temperature field and the stress field were obtained. The results show that the temperature in the welding process is periodically changed, The welding temperature field and the stress field are distributed symmetrically with respect to the weld. The welding simulation results are used as initial conditions, and the influence of ultrasonic impact on welding residual stress is simulated. The results show that the residual stress distribution of the transverse and longitudinal welding can be obviously improved with the ultrasonic impact, and the residual compressive stress is introduced for the impact area. The effect of shot peening on the residual stress is simulated by using the SPH method as the initial condition, and the results show that the SPH method can be used to simulate the shot peening, and the distribution of residual stress in the transverse and longitudinal direction can be obviously improved by using the SPH method. and a residual compressive stress is generated on the surface layer of the impact area. The parameters of the vibration aging of PS1, PS2/ PS4, PS3, 1/ 32 and 1/ 16 sectors are given by software simulation, including the supporting point, the excitation point, the excitation frequency, the shock force and the shock time. The heat treatment process after vacuum chamber welding is developed under the condition of comprehensive consideration of material property, structural deformation and destress effect, and the experimental research is carried out according to the heat treatment process. The results show that the heat treatment can effectively reduce the amplitude of welding residual stress. and the distribution of the welding residual stress is improved.
【学位授予单位】:中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:TL628
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