大体积燃料空气混合物爆轰基础问题研究
发布时间：2019-06-09 19:53
【摘要】：大体积燃料空气混合物爆轰基础问题,是当前安全科学与工程学科研究的重点和难点。大体积燃料空气混合物爆轰不但是煤矿、石化等民用工业重大爆炸事故灾害的主要形式,同时也是国防工业云雾爆轰武器研究的重点内容。将大体积装药分解为若干局部的组合,是当前解决大体积云雾爆轰问题的主要途径。利用云雾爆轰实验系统和有限元数值计算方法,本文开展了由90°角扇形局部装药结构的云雾形成、云雾爆轰,以及由4个局部组成大体积装药的多点云雾爆轰相互作用的特性研究,主要研究成果有:(1)利用实验与数值计算方法,研究了扇形装药结构在轴对称抛撒药爆轰驱动下燃料抛撒过程。取扇形圆弧中垂线向外为0°方向,并分别按逆时针旋转90°、135°和180°作为4个特征方向。结果表明:在轴对称荷载下壳体在0°方向最先出现破裂,最晚为135°方向;二者时间差约为100μs;在燃料分散300ms时刻,4个特征方向燃料抛撒半径与等效圆柱体装药结构实验值之比分别为0.59、0.96、1.35和1.12。在此基础上提出了云雾体积计算模型,并进一步分析了抛撒药的类型、装药位置以及刻槽条件对壳体动态响应与燃料初始状态的影响。(2)在扇形装药结构的燃料抛撒基础上,研究了燃料空气混合物的爆轰特性。结果表明:在4个特征方向上云雾爆轰的峰值超压、正压作用时间和比冲量具有显著差异,在距离云雾中心8m处的峰值超压与等效圆柱体装药结构实验值之比存在最大比值,为0.89:0.43:1.68:0.54;正压作用时间在15m处存在最大比值,为0.98:1.62:0.85:1.64;比冲量在20m处存在最大比值,为0.68:1.0:0.7:1.56。结合多物质组分模型对扇形装药结构云雾爆轰超压场进行数值计算,得到了竖直横截面超压场分布和地面等超压线及其面积。(3)基于高速摄像与压力传感器实验系统,研究了放置于“十”字对称方向、距离中心22m处的4个扇形装药结构的云雾爆轰相互作用特性。结果表明:在0°方向、距离中心点5m处由4点云雾爆轰相互作用产生的峰值超压为0.17MPa,正压作用时间为19.9ms,比冲量为0.87MPa·ms,与单点爆轰具有明显区别。在实验结果基础上,进行了4点云雾间距对爆轰超压场影响的数值研究。发现了中心区域竖直方向4m处的峰值超压为1.78MPa,是单点云雾爆轰相同位置峰值超压的4.9倍。本文针对单个扇形装药结构条件下的云雾形成和爆轰,以及由4个扇形装药结构组成的大体积装药多点云雾爆轰相互作用特性研究,是大体积云雾爆轰研究的基础;取得的研究结果对工业重大爆炸事故的预防与控制,以及大体积装药云爆武器发展具有理论指导意义。
[Abstract]:The detonation foundation of mass fuel-air mixture is the focus and difficulty of safety science and engineering at present. Mass fuel air mixture detonation is not only the main form of major explosion disasters in coal mines, petrochemical and other civil industries, but also the key content of cloud detonation weapons in national defense industry. Decomposing mass charge into several local combinations is the main way to solve the problem of mass cloud detonation at present. By using the cloud detonation experimental system and the finite element numerical calculation method, the cloud fog formation and fog detonation of 90 掳angle fan shaped local charge structure are carried out in this paper. And the characteristics of multi-point cloud detonation interaction composed of four local bulk charges are studied. the main results are as follows: (1) using experimental and numerical calculation methods, The fuel throwing process of sector charge structure driven by axisymmetric charge detonation was studied. The vertical direction of the sector arc is 0 掳, and 90 掳, 135 掳and 180 掳are rotated counterclockwise as the four characteristic directions. The results show that the shell breaks first in the direction of 0 掳and 135 掳at the latest under axisymmetric load, and the time difference between the two is about 100 渭 s. At the time of fuel dispersion 300ms, the ratios of fuel throwing radius to equivalent cylinder charge structure in four characteristic directions are 0.59, 0.96, 1.35 and 1.12, respectively. On this basis, the calculation model of cloud volume is put forward, and the type of throwing medicine is further analyzed. The effects of charge position and grooving conditions on the dynamic response of the shell and the initial state of the fuel. (2) on the basis of the fuel throwing of the sector charge structure, the detonation characteristics of the fuel-air mixture are studied. The results show that the peak overpressure, positive pressure action time and specific impulse of cloud detonation in four characteristic directions are significantly different, and there is a maximum ratio of peak overpressure at 8m from the center of cloud fog to the experimental value of equivalent cylinder charge structure. 0.89 鈮，
本文编号：2495853
[Abstract]:The detonation foundation of mass fuel-air mixture is the focus and difficulty of safety science and engineering at present. Mass fuel air mixture detonation is not only the main form of major explosion disasters in coal mines, petrochemical and other civil industries, but also the key content of cloud detonation weapons in national defense industry. Decomposing mass charge into several local combinations is the main way to solve the problem of mass cloud detonation at present. By using the cloud detonation experimental system and the finite element numerical calculation method, the cloud fog formation and fog detonation of 90 掳angle fan shaped local charge structure are carried out in this paper. And the characteristics of multi-point cloud detonation interaction composed of four local bulk charges are studied. the main results are as follows: (1) using experimental and numerical calculation methods, The fuel throwing process of sector charge structure driven by axisymmetric charge detonation was studied. The vertical direction of the sector arc is 0 掳, and 90 掳, 135 掳and 180 掳are rotated counterclockwise as the four characteristic directions. The results show that the shell breaks first in the direction of 0 掳and 135 掳at the latest under axisymmetric load, and the time difference between the two is about 100 渭 s. At the time of fuel dispersion 300ms, the ratios of fuel throwing radius to equivalent cylinder charge structure in four characteristic directions are 0.59, 0.96, 1.35 and 1.12, respectively. On this basis, the calculation model of cloud volume is put forward, and the type of throwing medicine is further analyzed. The effects of charge position and grooving conditions on the dynamic response of the shell and the initial state of the fuel. (2) on the basis of the fuel throwing of the sector charge structure, the detonation characteristics of the fuel-air mixture are studied. The results show that the peak overpressure, positive pressure action time and specific impulse of cloud detonation in four characteristic directions are significantly different, and there is a maximum ratio of peak overpressure at 8m from the center of cloud fog to the experimental value of equivalent cylinder charge structure. 0.89 鈮，
本文编号：2495853
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