两类点吸式波能装置水动力特性研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 17:34

本文关键词：两类点吸式波能装置水动力特性研究　出处：《哈尔滨工程大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章： 波浪能 点吸式 水动力性能 解析解

【摘要】：随着化石能源的不断开采,人类将面临化石能源枯竭和环境污染的严峻挑战。波浪能是一种清洁的海洋可再生能源,具有分布广泛、储量丰富的特点,利用波浪能发电已成为工业界和科技界关注的热点领域。波浪能发电装置主要有点吸式、振荡水柱式、摆式、鸭式和越浪式等形式。点吸式装置又称为振荡浮子式装置,该装置是通过基于支撑载体上的振荡浮子来捕获波浪能的装置。点吸式波能发电装置由于其结构相对简单、转换效率较高、安装维护方便等优点而受到了人们的广泛关注。若按照载体是否固结于岸基或海床,点吸式波能发电装置可分为固定式和漂浮式装置两种,若按照基于同一载体上浮子的个数可分为单点吸式和多点吸式装置。关于固定和漂浮这两类点吸式波浪能发电技术及其装置的研究已有很多,但是关于这两类装置在波浪中的流场特性、水动力学作用以及能量转换机制或规律等基础理论问题的研究还不深入,制约着点吸式波能利用技术的发展和发电装置设计方法的进步。本文针对两种典型的点吸式波能装置开展研究,一是基于固定式载体的摆臂浮子波能装置,二是基于圆柱型漂浮式系泊载体的同轴立柱浮子波能装置。通过理论分析、数值计算与模型试验的手段,研究这两种装置的水动力学求解方法以及浮子的运动和波能转换特性,为该类波能装置的设计提供理论基础和技术手段。针对同轴立柱浮子结构的点吸式波能装置,研究圆形立柱浮体和轴向运动的浮子在波浪作用下的辐射问题、绕射问题。基于势流理论、分离变量法和级数展开法,根据装置的结构特点,将流体域划分为三个子域,在各个子域内求解辐射速度势和绕射速度势的级数展开式,通过边界条件确定级数展开式未知系数,获得浮子和立柱耦合运动速度势的解析表达式。通过数值算例,将解析水动力结果与AQWA数值结果和非耦合水动力计算结果相对比,验证了结果的正确性并分析了耦合与非耦合水动力结果之间的差异,根据求解结果分析浮子和立柱水动力性能,研究浮子和立柱的尺度关系对其水动力性能的影响。针对同轴立柱浮子式波能装置,研究系泊状态下具有同轴立柱浮子结构的波能装置的运动特性和能量转换特性。首先建立立柱浮子式波能装置的浮子—PTO系统—立柱载体的耦合动力学模型,推导浮子和立柱的相对运动函数以及系统的能量转换函数。考虑到该类装置的同轴立柱浮子结构形式,通过耦合水动力求解和性能分析,研究浮子与立柱的尺度、波浪参数、PTO系统阻尼和弹簧等参数对浮子和立柱的水动力性能的影响规律,探讨系统的能量转换机理。在此基础上结合遗传算法建立立柱浮子式波能装置的能量转换性能的优化模型,在一定程度上提高装置的能量转换效率。针对摆臂浮子式波能装置,研究浮子的运动特性、能量转换性能。首先分析摆臂浮子的波能装置的摆臂、浮子、PTO等机构的运动特征,推导并建立PTO—摆臂—浮子的耦合运动学方程,求解并获得装置的各机构的运动函数和能量转换函数;然后基于数值计算获得浮子的水动力系数。优化浮子形状,摆臂的初始安装角、平台的倾角、PTO在摆臂上的安装位置等参数,分析系统的阻尼特性和弹簧特性,探讨装置在PTO阻尼系数和刚度系数变化时功率特性曲线的变化趋势以及能量输出响应频宽变化规律,系统的研究和总结其能量转换机理。针对两类点吸式波能装置,分别开展浮子的运动和能量转换性能模型试验研究。首先阐述了试验原理、相似准则和测试方法,设计研制了试验模型和测试系统,模型试验在哈尔滨工程大学船模拖曳水池进行。通过试验工况的设计和水池试验,获得试验数据。针对试验数据,研究分析波浪的周期、波高和PTO阻尼等特征参数对浮子的运动、波浪载荷特性以及发电系统的能量转换特性影响规律。同时,通过试验数据对理论分析结果进行验证。
[Abstract]:With the continuous exploitation of fossil energy, human beings will face the severe challenge of fossil energy depletion and environmental pollution. Wave energy is a clean marine renewable energy, which has wide distribution and abundant reserves. Wave power generation has become a hot topic in the industry and technology field. Wave energy generating units mainly include point suction type, oscillating column type, pendulum type, duck type and surf type. The point suction device is also called an oscillating float device, which is a device for capturing wave energy through an oscillating buoy on a support carrier. Because of its relatively simple structure, high conversion efficiency and convenient installation and maintenance, the point absorption wave energy generation device has attracted wide attention. If the carrier is in accordance with the consolidation in the shore or sea, point suction wave power device can be divided into fixed and floating device two, if in accordance with the number of the same carrier based on the float can be divided into single point and multi-point suction suction device. A lot of research on these two types of fixed and floating point type wave power generation technology and device of existing, but the research about the basic theory and flow characteristics of these two kinds of devices in the wave of water dynamics and energy conversion mechanism or the law is not thorough, and restricts the development of power generation equipment point absorber wave energy utilization technology the design method of progress. In this paper, two typical point suction wave energy devices are studied. One is the pendulum arm wave energy device based on the fixed carrier, the other two is the coaxial column float wave energy device based on the cylindrical floating mooring carrier. Through theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and model test, the hydrodynamic solutions and the motion and wave energy conversion characteristics of the two devices are studied, providing theoretical basis and technical means for the design of such wave energy devices. Aiming at the point suction wave energy device of the coaxial column float structure, the radiation problem and diffraction problem of the circular column floating body and the axially moving float under the wave action are studied. The potential flow theory, the method of separation of variables and series expansion method based on, according to the structure of the device, the fluid domain is divided into three sub domains, each domain Series in solving the radiation velocity potential and diffraction velocity potential expansion, the boundary conditions are determined series expansions of unknown coefficients, analytical expressions of the float and the column coupled motion velocity potential get. Through numerical example, the hydrodynamic results of analytical and numerical results of AQWA and non coupled hydrodynamic calculation results verify the correctness of the results and analysis of the differences between the coupled and non coupled hydrodynamic results, according to the post and the hydrodynamic performance analysis results, influence of scale on the float and the column of the relationship the hydrodynamic performance of the. The motion characteristics and energy conversion characteristics of a wave energy device with a coaxial column float structure in mooring state are studied for a coaxial column floating wave energy device. First, the coupling dynamic model of the float PTO system, the column carrier, is established. The relative motion function of the float and column and the energy conversion function of the system are derived. Considering the structure of the coaxial column float device, by solving coupled hydrodynamic and performance analysis, influence of hydrodynamic performance scale, wave parameters, PTO system damping and spring parameters on the float and column to float and column, the energy transfer mechanism of system. On this basis, the optimization model of energy conversion performance of the column float wave energy device is established based on the genetic algorithm, which improves the energy conversion efficiency of the device to a certain extent. The motion characteristics and energy conversion performance of the floater are studied in the light of the pendulum boom buoy wave energy device. First analyzes the motion characteristics of the wave energy device of swing arm swinging arm, a float, PTO and other institutions, coupled to establish the kinematic equations of PTO - arm float is deduced and the motion function and energy conversion function for agencies and get device; then based on the numerical calculation for the hydrodynamic coefficients of the float. Optimization of the shape of the swing arm, the initial installation angle, inclination angle, PTO platform in the arm on the installation position of the parameters such as damping and spring characteristic analysis system, probes the trend of changes in the power device PTO damping coefficient and stiffness coefficient curve and energy output in response to changes of system bandwidth. Study and summarize its energy conversion mechanism. In view of the two type point absorption wave energy devices, the model tests of the motion and energy conversion performance of the float are carried out respectively. First, the test principle, similarity rule and test method are expounded, and the test model and test system are designed and developed. The model test is carried out in the ship model towing tank of Harbin Engineering University. The test data were obtained through the design of the test conditions and the pool test. According to the experimental data, the influence of wave period, wave height and PTO damping on the motion of the buoy, the characteristics of wave load and the energy conversion characteristics of the power generation system are studied and analyzed. At the same time, the theoretical analysis results are verified by the experimental data.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P743.2

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