物理学中对称现象的语境分析及其意义

发布时间：2017-12-28 08:57

  本文关键词：物理学中对称现象的语境分析及其意义　出处：《山西大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 物理学 对称变换 语境分析 意义

【摘要】：对称现象是自然界中普遍存在的现象,在人类社会发展早期就已经被关注,并在古希腊时期做出记录,同时应用于社会生活的各个方面,从中形成简单、相似等朴素的美学观点。对称现象的系统化研究在上个世纪中叶得到长足发展,特别是在物理学领域。在完成对称现象研究的基础上,总结、发展并形成对称理论。本文研究物理学中的对称现象,找出实现对称变换的客体,表征对称变换的语言,推演对称变换的逻辑结构,把握对称关系的本质特征；接着分析对称变换的各种形式空间,理清对称关系的认识路径；然后分析各个物理学分支学科中的对称现象,通过解释物理意义,把握对称关系的形式特征和句法特征,强化对称理论的真理性和可接受性,丰富科学理论语境分析的意义。本论文分为四个部分,具体是序言、第1-2章、第3-10章和结束语。序言部分交代本论文的写作背景,包括对称现象国内外研究现状,语境分析方法的使用情况等内容。然后介绍对称现象语境分析的目的和意义,写作以此为目标,基本思路具体展开,最后总结创新之处和不足之处,指明下一步工作方向。第二部分包括论文的第1、2章,这两章揭示对称现象的本体论基础和认识论路径。按照认识的先后顺序,第一章是对称概念的认识论路径。这章中首先分析各种空间中建构出与对称相关的概念,然后实现由对称现象的认识到对称关系的把握的转变,并总结得到对称理论。语境分析作为科学哲学中的一种重要的分析方法,运用到对称理论研究中,在具体的语形、语义和语用层面分析对称理论并阐述其意义。第二章分析对称变换的本体论基础,呈现对称关系的逻辑结构及其特征。这章分为两个部分,一部分是与对称相关的概念的分析与建构,包括与对称相关的对象、语词、概念,以及对称概念的内涵和外延的界定；另一部分,分析与对称相关的语言和命题,实现由日常语言向科学语言再向科学命题的转变。第三部分是第3-10章,是文章的主体部分,介绍物理学中对称现象的语境分析及其意义。这一部分列举八个物理学分支学科,并不是全部物理学分支学科,但较为全面,且具有代表性,包括经典物理学、固体物理学、热物理学、电磁学、原子物理学、量子力学、量子场论和粒子物理学。在章节排序上体现出,实现对称变换的客体由宏观向微观的转变,由具体到抽象的转变；对称现象由易于观测到难以观测的转变；科学研究方法由宏观分析方法向微观分析方法的转变。作为一种横断的研究方法,语境分析在对称变换认识的过程中,忽视实现对称变换的载体,完成关于科学语言意义的解释,实现对称变换的结构及其特征的分析,把握对称变换过程中语言的句法及其特征,并将对称理论作为普适定律应用于物理学的其他领域。第四部分是结束语,阐述科学理论语境分析的意义。科学思想可以通过语言做出表达,语言中包含科学语言和形式语言,语言使用过程中具有一定的认识论背景。语句是科学理论陈述的基本单元,科学语言准确描述科学现象,形式语言描述客体之间的逻辑关系。在第三章到第十章中,使用语境分析方法分析对称现象,分别从语形、语义和语用的角度展开,在结尾部分阐述科学语言语形分析、语义分析、语用分析意义的意义。
[Abstract]:Symmetry is a universal phenomenon in nature. It has been paid attention to in the early stage of human social development, and recorded in ancient Greece. At the same time, it is applied to every aspect of social life, from which simple and similar aesthetic views are formed. The systematic study of symmetric phenomena has made great progress in the middle of the last century, especially in the field of physics. On the basis of the study of the symmetry phenomenon, we summarize, develop and form the symmetry theory. This paper studies symmetry phenomena in physics, to find out the object of symmetry transformation, characterization of symmetry transformation language, logic deduction structure symmetry transformation essence, grasp the symmetric relation; then analysis of various forms of spatial symmetry transform, clarify the understanding path of the symmetric relation; and then analyze the symmetry phenomenon in each subfield of physics, through interpretation physical meaning, form characteristic and grasp the syntactic features of symmetric relation, strengthen the symmetry theory of truth and acceptability, rich scientific theory of context analysis. This thesis is divided into four parts, which are the preface, the 1-2 chapter, the 3-10 chapter and the concluding language. The preface explains the writing background of this paper, including the current research status at home and abroad, the use of context analysis methods and so on. Then, it introduces the purpose and significance of the analysis of the symmetry phenomenon, and takes it as the goal. The basic idea is concretely launched. Finally, it summarizes the innovations and shortcomings, and points out the next direction. The second part includes the first, second chapters of the thesis. The two chapters reveal the ontological basis of the symmetry and the path of epistemology. According to the order of cognition, the first chapter is the epistemological path of the symmetry concept. In this chapter, we first analyze the concepts related to symmetry in various spaces, then realize the transformation from symmetry to symmetry, and we get the symmetry theory. Context analysis, as an important analysis method in philosophy of science, is applied to the study of symmetry theory, and the symmetry theory is analyzed at the specific level of language, semantics and pragmatics, and its significance is expounded. The second chapter analyzes the ontological basis of symmetric transformation, and presents the logical structure and its characteristics of symmetric relations. This chapter is divided into two parts, one part is the analysis and construction of the concept and the symmetry related, including the objects, and the symmetry related words and concepts, and defines the connotation and extension of the concept of symmetry; the other part, analysis and symmetry related language and propositions, realized by everyday language to the language of science and to change the scientific proposition. The third part is Chapter 3-10. It is the main part of the article. It introduces the context analysis and its significance of symmetry in physics. This section lists the eight branches of physics, and not all branches of physics, but is more comprehensive and representative, including classical physics, solid state physics, thermal physics, electromagnetics, atomic physics, quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and particle physics. In Chapter ranking, it is shown that the transformation of objects from macroscopic to microcosmic, from specific to abstract, from symmetrical to easy to observe and difficult to observe. As a research method of cross-sectional, contextual analysis in the process of understanding the symmetry transform, ignoring the carrier to achieve symmetry transformation, completed on the significance of scientific language interpretation, analysis of the structure and features of symmetry transformation, grasp the characteristics of language syntax and its symmetry transformation process, and the symmetry theory as the universal law in other fields applied physics. The fourth part is the concluding language, which expounds the significance of the analysis of the context of the scientific theory. Scientific ideas can be expressed through language, and language contains scientific and formal languages, and the process of language use has certain epistemological background. The statement is the basic unit of the statement of scientific theory, the scientific language describes the scientific phenomenon accurately, and the formal language describes the logical relation between the objects. In the third chapter to the tenth chapter, we use the contextual analysis method to analyze the symmetry phenomenon, from the perspective of morphology, semantics and pragmatics. At the end, we expound the significance of scientific language form analysis, semantic analysis and pragmatic analysis.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O572.23
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本文编号：1345369