农业转基因技术应用的认知水平与社会规制研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 22:03

本文关键词：农业转基因技术应用的认知水平与社会规制研究　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业转基因技术给全球带来巨大经济效益和社会效益,但同时也引发了一场前所未有的争论,争论由最开始的转基因技术安全性问题逐渐蔓延到经济、社会和道德等领域,当前部分公众对转基因技术的认知并不全面、态度模糊,对农业转基因技术潜在的健康和生态风险感到迷茫和担忧。对这一系列问题的有效处理和控制主要依赖于一国的社会规制水平。目前,我国现有农业转基因技术社会规制手段不足,对利益主体认知行为和态度的反应不充分。认知的准确把握和控制是规制的前提,政府在制定决策时必须考虑各利益主体的认知行为和态度。因此,从利益相关者认知的角度出发,探究农业转基因技术应用社会规制框架体系十分必要。本研究以农业转基因技术应用社会规制中涉及的利益相关主体(消费者、生产者、生物企业、科研机构和政府)为研究对象,基于659份消费者问卷、302份农户问卷、58份企业问卷、38份科研机构问卷和20份政府问卷数据,旨在:(1)通过理论和实证研究识别主要利益主体对农业转基因技术应用的认知水平和行为态度及其驱动因素;(2)基于利益相关者行为理论,剖析农业转基因技术社会规制中各利益主体之间利益协调的行为过程;(3)从产业安全角度出发,明确各利益主体的认知行为对转基因技术应用社会规制的影响路径,解析影响社会规制的关键因素;(4)结合转基因技术应用社会规制的绩效评估,完善转基因技术全产业链的社会规制体系。本研究的主要结论是:(1)农业转基因技术应用社会规制的供求矛盾突出,转基因技术风险的复杂性、公众认知的需求和转基因产品的市场失灵使转基因技术应用的社会规制迫在眉睫。(2)不同利益相关主体对转基因技术及产品的认知不全面,行为态度存在差异:城市消费者的认知水平普遍高于农村消费者,大多数企业都认为生产转基因产品能给企业带来较大利润,科研机构工作者比较了解转基因技术的管理体系和法规体系,政府工作人员不熟悉当前我国转基因技术规制的法规。(3)根据认知行为及态度可以将利益相关主体分为3类:①消费者群体,他们对转基因技术及食品有所顾虑,持消极态度;②科研机构和生物企业,他们对转基因技术的潜在收益认知和接受度较高,对当前转基因技术的发展持积极态度;③政府工作人员,他们对转基因技术的认知水平较高,但是对转基因产品的态度并不明显,持观望态度。(4)规制者、被规制者和规制受益者等主体之间的利益协调是农业转基因技术应用社会规制的关键。在政府、生产者和消费者的三方动态博弈中,消费者起到了较好的监督作用。随着消费者关注的增加,规制者的监管力度增强,生产者的"寻租"行为有效减少。(5)有效的规制手段和良好的规制效果能够改善公众对转基因技术及应用的认知程度,公众的认知反过来也会影响农业转基因技术应用的社会规制。转基因技术认知行为对社会规制有显著正向影响,消费者的认知水平对社会规制的标准化路径系数为0.368。(6)政府在制定农业转基因技术应用的规制政策时,应结合各主体对转基因技术的认知行为和态度,必须把各利益主体的认知和行为纳入考虑中。(7)影响转基因技术应用社会规制的关键因素依次为公众的收入、企业销售利润、科研机构的科研能力、公众信息获取渠道和政府部门技术成果商品化程度等。(8)农业转基因技术应用的规制政策措施严重缺失。我国转基因水稻的社会规制绩效水平较低,绩效评估综合得分为18.7。(9)完善农业转基因技术应用的社会规制体系可从社会规制立法、社会规制原则和社会规制内容等方面考虑。
[Abstract]:The agricultural transgenic technology has brought great economic benefits and social benefits to the world, but also triggered a hitherto unknown argument, debate by transgenic technology security problems began gradually spread to the economic, social and moral fields, cognition of transgenic technology currently part of the public is not comprehensive, vague attitude, confused and worried about the agricultural transgenic technology potential health and ecological risk. The level of social regulation and control to a series of problems effectively depends on a country. At present, China's current agricultural transgenic technology and social regulation means lack of subject of interest cognitive attitude and behavior reaction is not sufficient. The accurate grasp and control cognitive regulation the premise, the government must consider the interests of the main cognitive behavior and attitude in making decisions. Therefore, from the perspective of stakeholder cognition perspective, exploration The social application of agricultural transgenic technology regulation framework is necessary. The stakeholders based on the agricultural transgenic technology application in social regulation involves (consumer, producer, biological enterprises, research institutions and government) as the research object, 659 copies of questionnaire based on 302 household questionnaires, 58 copies of the enterprise questionnaire, 38 scientific research institutions 20 copies of the questionnaire and questionnaire of government data, aimed at: (1) through theoretical and empirical research to identify the main stakeholders attitude cognitive level and behavior on the application of transgenic technology in agriculture and its driving factors; (2) the stakeholder behavior based on the theory analysis of agricultural transgenic technology in social regulation between the interests of all stakeholders to coordinate the behavior process; (3) from the perspective of industrial safety, cognitive behavior of various stakeholders clearly influence on the application of transgenic technology social regulation path, analysis of the influence of social regulation The key factors; (4) performance evaluation combined with the application of transgenic technology to regulate the society, improve the system of social regulation of transgenic technology of the whole industry chain. The main conclusions of this study are: (1) the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural transgenic technology application of social regulation is outstanding, complexity of the risks of transgenic technology, transgenic products demand and public perception of the market failure the social regulation of the application of transgenic technology is imminent. (2) different stakeholders on transgenic technology and product awareness is not comprehensive, there are differences in cognitive behavior and attitude of consumers all over the city peaceful water is higher than that of rural consumers, most of the enterprises that produce transgenic products can bring great profit to the enterprise, scientific research institutions, workers better understanding of transgenic technology the management system and regulation system, government staff are not familiar with the current regulation of transgenic technology (3) according to the regulations. Cognitive behavior and attitudes of stakeholders can be divided into 3 types: the consumer groups, they have concerns about GM technology and food, a negative attitude; the scientific research institutions and biotech companies, their potential benefits of transgenic technology awareness and acceptance is high, hold a positive attitude towards the development of transgenic technology; government the staff, their higher cognitive level of transgenic technology, but the attitude of GM products is not obvious, on the sidelines. (4) regulation, is to coordinate the interests between the regulator and the regulation of the main beneficiaries of agricultural transgenic technology application is the key of social regulation. In the government, producers and consumers of the three side dynamic game in the consumer plays a supervisory role better. With the increase of consumer concern, supervision regulation is enhanced, the producers of "Rent-seeking" effectively reduced. (5) effective The regulation means and good regulation effect can improve the public awareness of transgenic technology and application of the public perception, which in turn will social regulation application of agricultural transgenic technology. The effects of transgenic technology in cognitive behavior have a significant positive impact on social regulation, consumer's perceived level of social regulation of the standardized path coefficient is 0.368. (6) government in the development and application of agricultural biotechnology regulation policy, should be combined with the main transgenic technology to the cognitive behavior and attitude, must be put into the main interests of the cognitive and behavioral considerations. (7) the key factors affecting the application of transgenic technology in social regulation, public revenue, profits, scientific research institutions, scientific research ability public access to information, government departments and technology commercialization degree. (8) the application of agricultural transgenic technology regulation and strict measures The social regulation performance of transgenic rice in China is relatively low. The comprehensive score of performance evaluation is 18.7. (9). The social regulation system to improve the application of agricultural transgenic technology can be considered from the aspects of social regulation legislation, social regulation principles and social regulation contents.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S188;D922.17

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