济阳坳陷古近系页岩油“甜点”地球物理响应特征研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 11:06

本文关键词：济阳坳陷古近系页岩油“甜点”地球物理响应特征研究　出处：《长江大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究区济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组页岩油勘探工作始于20世纪60年代末,地球物理研究程度较低。目前尚没有一部系统论述沙河街组页岩油“甜点”地球物理响应特征理论基础和应用研究的专著,也未涉及研究区沙河街组页岩油“甜点”地球物理的研究公开发表的文献,近10余年的研究成果揭示页岩油“甜点”地球物理预测方法及其地震影响因素不明确是最主要的原因之一。本论文以济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组页岩油为研究目标,以岩心测试数据、钻井、测井、岩石物理测试数据、地球化学数据和地震资料为依托,详细剖析了页岩油井的岩石物理特征,建立一套正演模拟到地震反演页岩油储层“甜点”地震表征方法技术,精细刻画了古近系沙河街组页岩油叠前和叠后地震响应特征,形成“甜点”参数的有效预测方法;基于知识表达分别建立岩石有机质丰度、有机质成熟度、孔隙度、孔隙压力和脆性等“甜点”参数的预测模型,进行含油页岩储层表征,探讨了济阳坳陷页岩油“甜点”地震影响因素,最终集成页岩油“甜点”地球物理预测技术和方法流程。研究区15口沙河街组页岩油井的测井岩石物理特征表现为多样。沙河街组页岩测井岩石物理往往具有“低横波时差、高杨氏模量、低切变模量、高体积模量、低泊松比和高脆性指数”的特征。以弹性指数为基础的脆性指数值和以脆性矿物为基础的脆性指数值差异不大,为20%~80%。研究区沙河街组低孔隙度的含油页岩主要表现为第Ⅲ类AVO异常响应,页岩是烃源岩、储层也是盖层;研究区沙河街组页岩油井页岩孔隙度一定时,页岩含油饱和度为100%时,反射系数往往达到最大值;含水饱和度为100%时,反射系数往往具有较低值。含油饱和度一定时,沙河街组页岩孔隙度为3%、9%,反射系数值较大;孔隙度为5%、7%,反射系数值较低。页岩含油饱和度和孔隙度一定时,不同油层相同厚度振幅随炮检距变化归一化处理表现出相似的趋势。研究区沙河街组随着烃源岩层厚度增大,反射系数增大。沙河街组页岩油井AVO正演模拟PG交汇主要落在Ⅳ象限,G值小于0,P值为正。济阳坳陷渤南洪城地震工区沙河街组页岩AVO反演研究表明页岩纵波速度强烈的影响AVO斜率、AVO强度、泊松比和横波反射系数属性,进一步分析表明泊松比属性是影响沙河街页岩油形成油藏的主要属性。泊松比主要反映岩石纵波、横波速度比变化,高纵波、横波速度比说明研究区含油饱和度较高引起纵波速度增加,横波速度降低。研究区沙河街组页岩AVO截距(P)和梯度(G)交汇分析表明沙河街组页岩油主要表现为第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ类AVO异常响应。叠前同步反演是进行页岩油储层地球物理表征方法之一。研究区罗19井-罗69井-罗20井-罗42井沙河街组页岩反演的纵波阻抗、横波阻抗、纵、横波速度比和密度地震体与实测的纵波阻抗、横波阻抗、纵、横波速度比和密度吻合较好,反演结果稳定性较好,具有较高的精度,抗噪能力强。叠前同步反演研究表明研究区沙河街组页岩以低纵波阻抗、低横波阻抗、相对高纵、横波速度比和低密度为典型特征,表现为连续聚集的地震响应特征,反演结果的纵向分辨率较高,能够较好的表征研究区沙河街组页岩油储层特征,与岩石物理分析结果较为一致。叠后波阻抗反演结果研究表明研究区罗42井-罗69井-罗67井沙河街组页岩反演的纵波阻抗、横波阻抗、密度和纵波速度地震体与实测的纵波阻抗、横波阻抗、密度和速度吻合较好,反演结果稳定性较好,具有较高的精度。叠后波阻抗反演研究表明沙河街组页岩以低纵波阻抗、低横波阻抗、低密度和低纵波速度为典型特征,表现为连续聚集的地震响应特征,反演结果的纵向分辨率较高,与岩石物理分析结果和叠前同步反演结果较为一致。研究区页岩油储层具有明显的速度非均质性的特点,研究区沙河街组页岩以低纵、横波阻抗、低密度为典型特征,表现为连续分布的地震响应特征。研究区页岩油“甜点”地球物理响应特征是有机质丰度(TOC)为3.3%~6.3%,有机质成熟度(Ro)为0.81%~0.94%,页岩孔隙度为5%~12.5%,地层压力为33 Mpa~58 Mpa,压力系数为1.30~1.80,脆性指数大于40%。页岩油“甜点”地球物理响应特征主要受反演的纵波阻抗、反演的横波阻抗、经度、纬度和振幅等地震因素共同影响。沙河街组页岩预测的纵波速度为3.10 km/s~4.50 km/s,预测的横波速度为1.50km/s~2.40 km/s,研究区页岩地震速度主要受反演的纵波阻抗和频率的共同影响。
[Abstract]:The Paleogene Shahe Street Group shale oil exploration work in the study area of Jiyang depression began in late 1960s, geophysical research degree is relatively low. There is not a systematic discussion of Shahe Street Group shale oil "dessert" geophysical response characteristics of the theoretical basis and application research monographs, is also not involved in research in the area of Shahe Street Group shale oil "dessert" geophysical published literature research in recent 10 years of shale oil "dessert" geophysical prediction method and its influence factors of seismic uncertainty is one of the main reasons. The Paleogene in Jiyang depression of Shahe Street group of shale oil as the research object, on the basis of core drilling test data., logging petrophysical data, geochemical data and seismic data based on the detailed analysis of the petrophysical characteristics of oil shale, establish a set of simulation to the seismic inversion. Rock oil reservoir "dessert" seismic characterization methods, detailed characterization of the Paleogene characteristics of seismic response of Shahe Street Group shale oil before and after stacking, the formation of the "sweet spot" method to predict parameters; knowledge expression were established rock organic matter abundance based on organic matter maturity, porosity, and pore pressure prediction model brittleness "dessert" parameters, the oil shale reservoir characterization, discusses the factors of shale oil "dessert" earthquake in Jiyang depression, the final integration of shale oil "dessert" geophysical prediction technique and process. The physical characteristics of rock logging research area of Shahe Street 15 group of shale oil for various Shahe street. The shale of petrophysics tend to have low shear moveout, high Young's modulus, low shear modulus, high bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio characteristics of low and high brittleness index. On the basis of brittle elastic index The brittleness index values and brittle mineral based value difference, for the study of 20%~80%. District Shahe Street group of low porosity oil shale mainly for the class III AVO abnormal response, shale is the source rock, reservoir and caprock; the study area Shahe Street group of shale oil shale porosity when oil shale when saturation is 100%, the reflection coefficient is maximum; water saturation is 100%, the reflection coefficient tend to have low oil saturation value. When the Shahe Street Group shale porosity is 3% and 9%, the reflection coefficient is larger; the porosity is 5% and 7%, the reflection coefficient is low. Shale oil saturation and porosity of certain when the different reservoir thickness of the same amplitude variation with offset normalization showed a similar trend. The study area of Shahe Street group with source rock thickness increases, the reflection coefficient increases. Shahe Street group of shale oil AVO forward Simulation of PG intersection falls mainly in quadrant IV, G value is less than 0, P value is positive. That shale P-wave velocity strongly influence AVO slope, Bonan Hongseong seismic work area Shahe Street Group shale AVO inversion in Jiyang depression AVO strength, Poisson's ratio and shear wave reflection coefficient properties, further analysis showed that the Poisson's ratio is the main attribute Shahe Street properties affect the shale oil reservoir formation. The Poisson's ratio mainly reflects rock P-wave, S-wave velocity ratio, high P-wave, S-wave velocity ratio shows that the study area high oil saturation caused by wave velocity increases, the shear wave velocity decreased. The research area Shahe Street Group shale (P) and AVO intercept gradient (G) analysis showed that the main intersection Shahe Street Group shale oil as a class I, II, IV AVO abnormal response. Prestack simultaneous inversion is one of the shale oil reservoir geophysical characterization method. The study area Luo 19 well - Luo 69 well - Luo 20 well - Luo 42 well Shahe Street Group shale Wave impedance inversion, wave impedance, longitudinal wave velocity, wave impedance, density ratio and seismic body with the measured shear wave impedance, longitudinal wave velocity, ratio and density are in good agreement with the inversion results, better stability, high precision, strong anti noise ability. Prestack simultaneous inversion in study area of Shahe street in shale group low P-wave impedance, low wave impedance, longitudinal wave velocity ratio is relatively high, and low density showed typical characteristics, the seismic response characteristics of continuous accumulation, higher vertical resolution of the inversion results, better characterization of Shahe street block of shale oil reservoir characteristics, petrophysical analysis results and post stack wave is more consistent. Impedance inversion results of the study area, 42 wells 69 wells 67 wells - Luo Luo Shahe Street shale of inversion of wave impedance, shear wave impedance, longitudinal resistance density and P-wave velocity of seismic body and the measured resistance, shear wave impedance, density The degree and speed of the inversion results agree well, good stability, and has high accuracy. That Shahe Street Group shale with low P-wave impedance inversion of poststack wave impedance, low S-wave impedance, low density and low P-wave velocity as the typical characteristic, performance for the continuous accumulation of seismic response characteristics of vertical high resolution inversion results of the analysis. With the results of rock physics and prestack simultaneous inversion results. The shale oil reservoir has the characteristics of obvious velocity heterogeneity, the study area of Shahe Street Group shale with low longitudinal shear wave impedance, low density, typical characteristics, performance for the seismic response characteristics of continuous distribution. The study area of shale oil "dessert" earth the physical response characteristics is the abundance of organic matter (TOC) is 3.3%~6.3%, the maturity of organic matter (Ro) for 0.81%~0.94%, 5%~12.5% for shale porosity, formation pressure of 33 Mpa~58 Mpa, the pressure coefficient is 1.30~1.80, crisp The index of more than 40%. shale oil "dessert" geophysical response characteristics is mainly affected by the wave impedance inversion, wave impedance, inversion of the longitude, latitude and amplitude of seismic influence factors. P-wave velocity prediction of Shahe Street Group shale is 3.10 km/s~4.50 km/s, 1.50km/s~2.40 km/s for transverse wave velocity prediction, influence of seismic velocity of shale is mainly controlled by the P-wave impedance and frequency inversion.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P618.13;P631

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