仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头耐磨增效机理研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 00:34

本文关键词：仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头耐磨增效机理研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：孕镶金刚石钻头是资源开采和地质勘查的主要工具。随着国家能源探采工程向深部、硬岩和复杂地层方向不断发展,传统孕镶金刚石钻头存在寿命短、效率低和能耗大等技术难题。创新孕镶金刚石钻头的设计理念,提升钻头的服役寿命和工作效率,是推动孕镶金刚石钻头升级的重要研究方向。自然界中的生物经过亿万年的进化,形成了与生俱来的耐磨、自再生、自修复和自润滑功能,这为新型钻头的设计与制备提供了天然蓝本。本文基于多因素耦合仿生理论,以蜣螂、蚯蚓等典型生物为仿生模本,设计并制备了具有动态非光滑、原位自再生和弥散自润滑特性的仿生孕镶金刚石钻头试样,开展了被动、主动磨损试验和近工况条件下的钻进试验研究,以及力学和传热状态的数值仿真模拟研究,较全面地阐释了仿生孕镶金刚石钻头的耐磨、增效和自再生机理,为开发新一代仿生钻头提供更详尽的理论与技术支撑,具有重要的研究价值和科学意义。基于磨耗比评价方法的被动磨削试验发现,仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头样件经非光滑形态、自再生结构和自润滑材料三种耦元的耦合、协同作用,其耐磨性能和磨削能力显著优于普通孕镶金刚石试样。其中,动态自再生非光滑效应是影响仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头样件耐磨增效性能的关键因素。自润滑功能耦元能够产生良好的润滑效果,减少界面摩擦。摩擦界面间过小的空间和磨屑的累积是导致“微烧蚀”,胎体剥落和金刚石碎裂等影响钻头过度磨损的主要原因。凹坑形仿生非光滑表面可通过增加摩擦界面的空间,捕获磨粒和磨屑、缩短划痕、改善表面应力状态、提供润滑介质等多种功能特性进行耐磨增效,以减少甚至避免这些有害机制的发生。基于仿生钻头模拟孕镶金刚石钻头主动克取岩石的主动磨削试验,本文进一步研究了单元体尺度、数量和分布等仿生要素对仿生孕镶金刚石钻头磨损行为产生的影响。揭示了上述要素与仿生耦合孕镶金刚石试样磨损行为和钻进性能之间的对应关系。试验结果表明,仿生非光滑表面的非光滑度和仿生单元体尺度可以通过影响仿生耦合孕镶金刚石试样与砂轮摩擦界面的应力分布以及自润滑效果来影响其耐磨性能和磨削能力。通过近工况条件下仿生孕镶金刚石微钻头的台架试验,本文研究了仿生单元体排布、胎体材料力学性能和仿生单元体的自再生特性对仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头耐磨性能和钻进效率的影响规律,进一步验证了其良好的耐磨性能和钻进效率。通过对仿生耦合孕镶金刚石微钻头自再生功能的研究发现,仿生耦合孕镶金刚石微钻头表面的仿生单元体具有自适应能力,能够根据其所钻岩石的实际特征调整合适的单元体自再生速率以及单元体深度,以提供相应的岩屑捕获能力和自润滑能力,从而避免仿生非光滑材料的过度消耗。仿生耦合孕镶金刚石微钻头的自再生结构可以通过不断自修复、自生成表面非光滑形态从而持续保持较高的耐磨性能和钻进能力,进而延长仿生钻头的服役寿命,提高工作周期内的钻进效率。基于三维有限元建模和有限元分析软件ansys,本文模拟分析了普通钻头模型和仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头模型与岩石相互作用时各组表面的等效应力分布,并利用ansys-fluent流场分析软件分别评价了普通钻头模型和仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头模型外流场和温度场。结果表明,具有自再生功能的仿生非光滑表面能够增加仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头底唇面应力,提高仿生钻头的自锐能力,并使其底唇面应力均匀分布,保证其钻齿整体锐化的同步性。仿生钻头还能够增加作用在岩石上的等效应力,使岩石更易达到屈服极限,从而降低钻进能耗。仿生钻头可以在岩石上产生卸荷效应,使岩石表面的应力区域形成周期性交替,产生疲劳裂隙。仿生钻头扭矩的降低,使得钻头有用功大幅度提高,从而增加了能量的利用效率。与此同时,钻头底唇面的仿生单元体可以为冷却液提供更多的流动空间,增大换热的表面积,提高冷却液的整体流速,引导冷却液在仿生单元体周围形成涡流,使冷却液与钻头唇面换热更充分,强化冷却液与钻头底唇面的对流换热效率,进而增加仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头的服役寿命。本文结合传统孕镶金刚石钻头的碎岩机理和磨损特征,基于上述原理试验和数值仿真模拟,从仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头的非光滑耐磨、增效和自再生机理等多个角度出发,较全面地分析了仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头各仿生功能耦元产生的磨屑捕集、自润滑、减粘脱附、应力均布、自再生、自适应等诸多增益效应及其相互之间的协同规律,阐释了仿生耦合孕镶金刚石的耐磨增效机理与耦合机制,并初步建立了仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头的多元耦合效能评价指标体系,为仿生耦合孕镶金刚石钻头的优化和完善提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Impregnated diamond bit is the main tool for mining and geological exploration. With the national energy exploration and mining engineering to deep hard rock and complex formation development, the traditional diamond bit has short service life, technical problems of low efficiency and high energy consumption. The design concept of innovation of impregnated diamond bit, and enhance the service life the working efficiency of the drill, is an important research direction to promote the upgrading of impregnated diamond bit. The biological nature after millions of years of evolution, the formation of innate resistance, self regeneration, self repair and self lubricating function, the design and manufacture of the new drill preparation. This paper provides a natural model of multi factor coupling based on the theory of bionics, dung beetle, earthworms and other typical biological bionic model, designed and fabricated with dynamic non smooth, the in situ regeneration and dispersion self lubricating properties of bionics impregnated diamond bit sample, The passive, active wear test of the drilling test and in working conditions, and the numerical simulation of heat transfer and mechanical state simulation research, a comprehensive interpretation of bionics impregnated diamond bit wear, efficiency and self regeneration mechanism, provide theoretical and technical support for the further development of a new generation of bionic bit, with the important research value and scientific meaning. Wear than passive grinding test evaluation method based on bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit samples by non smooth morphology, structure and function of self regeneration and self lubrication material three coupling element coupling and coordination, the wear resistance and grinding ability was significantly better than that of ordinary diamond impregnated samples. Dynamic self regeneration, non smooth effect is a key factor affecting the bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit parts wear synergistic properties. Good lubrication effect of self lubricating function coupling element can Fruit, reduce friction. The friction interface between the accumulation of small space debris and is the result of "micro ablation", the main reason of matrix spalling and fragmentation of diamond bit excessive wear. The concave bionic non smooth surface can increase the friction interface space, capture the abrasive and wear debris, shorten the scratch, improve the surface stress state, provide the function of lubricating medium and other characteristics of the wear efficiency, to reduce or even avoid the harmful mechanism. Active bionic bit grinding simulation of impregnated diamond bit and rock based on active G, this paper further studies the unit scale, quantity and distribution of elements on the bionic bionic diamond bit the wear behavior of the impact. Reveals the elements and the bionic coupling impregnated diamond wear behavior and the relationship between the performance of drilling. The experimental results show that the bionic Non smooth bionic units and scale through the distribution of stress of bionic coupling impregnated diamond samples and the grinding wheel friction interface and self lubrication effect to influence the wear resistance and the grinding ability of non smooth surface. The bench test in condition of bionic diamond micro drill head, bionic unit is studied in this paper. Body arrangement, matrix material and mechanical properties of bionic units self regeneration characteristics of bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit wear resistance and drilling efficiency were investigated, further verified the efficiency of the drilling and good wear resistance. By studying the self regeneration of bionic coupling impregnated diamond micro drill, bionic bionic units the coupling of impregnated diamond micro drill surface with adaptive capability, can according to the actual characteristics of the rock drilling unit is suitable to adjust the rate of regeneration And unit depth, so as to provide the corresponding debris capture ability and self lubricating ability, so as to avoid excessive consumption of non smooth bionic materials. The bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit micro self regenerative structure through continuous self repair, self generated surface non smooth shape to maintain high abrasion resistance and drilling ability, thus extending the bionic bit service life, improve the work period of the drilling efficiency. Three dimensional finite element modeling and finite element analysis software based on ANSYS, this paper simulates and analyzes the common drill model and the bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit rock interaction model and the equivalent surface of each stress distribution, and the general model and the bionic coupling impregnated bit diamond bit model flow field and temperature field were evaluated using ansys-fluent flow analysis software. The results show that with biomimetic self regeneration function of light The sliding surface can increase the bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit bottom surface stress, improve bionic bit self sharpening capability, and make the bottom surface uniform stress distribution, to ensure the synchronization of the whole tooth drill sharpening. The equivalent bionic bit can also increase the effect on the rock stress, the rock is easy to achieve the yield limit, thereby reducing the energy consumption of drilling. Bionic bit can produce the effect of unloading on the rock, the rock surface stress region is formed periodically, fatigue crack. Reduce bionic bit torque, the hard bit has greatly increased, thereby increasing the energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, the drill bottom surface bionic units can provide more space for the coolant flow, increase the heat transfer surface area, improve the overall flow rate of the cooling liquid and the coolant guide vortex is formed in the surrounding biomimetic unit, the cooling liquid and the lip The surface heat transfer more fully, strengthen cooling liquid and the bit labial surface convective heat transfer efficiency, thereby increasing the bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit service life. This paper combines traditional impregnated diamond bit rock breaking mechanism and wear characteristics, the principle of experiment and numerical simulation based on the bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit non smooth wear, efficiency and self regeneration mechanism of multi angles, more comprehensive analysis of the bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit debris the bionic function coupling element produced by trapping, self lubrication, adhesion, stress distribution, self regeneration, collaborative law between adaptive and mutual gain effect etc. the interpretation of the wear resistant synergistic mechanism and coupling mechanism of bionic coupling impregnated diamond, and establishes the evaluation index system of multi performance coupling bionic coupling impregnated diamond bit, as the bionic coupling impregnated gold Provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and perfection of the diamond drill.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P634.41;TB17

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