无硬质相胎体仿生异型齿孕镶金刚石钻头研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 07:01

本文关键词：无硬质相胎体仿生异型齿孕镶金刚石钻头研究　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：资源是保障国家经济长期稳定发展的物质基础,随着浅层资源的日益枯竭,深部钻探的兴起,说明深层勘探开发势在必行。如何提高深井钻探效率和节约钻探成本,这就对井下钻探机具质量和性能的要求愈发严格。钻头在钻探技术系统中一直处于核心地位,其钻进速度和工作寿命是节约钻探成本和提高钻进效率的关键因素,然而钻头的钻进速度和工作寿命往往难以实现同步提高。针对硬岩地层钻进、特别是坚硬打滑地层钻进,为提高孕镶金刚石钻头在这类地层中的的钻进速度和工作寿命,以仿生学基本理论为指导,本文设计了一种无硬质相胎体仿生异形齿孕镶金刚石钻头。本文主要研究工作和相关结论如下:(1)针对坚硬打滑地层钻进,根据岩石特点、仿生异型齿结构要求和钻头胎体性能要求,提出了无硬质相胎体孕镶金刚石钻头配方。无硬质相胎体配方是以铁、镍和铜合金为主,不含钨、碳化钨、碳化钛等高熔点、高硬度的金属或合金的孕镶金刚石钻头胎体配方。针对无硬质相胎体孕镶金刚石钻头配方中存在的金刚石氧化、碳化、热损伤和腐蚀的问题,通过添加微量元素硼进行改善。研究结果表明:含硼无硬质相胎体孕镶金刚石材料中,硼易吸附于金刚石表面,减弱了高温和氧对金刚石的损伤,减少了铁对金刚石的刻蚀,改善了胎体和金刚石的界面结合情况,提高了无硬质相胎体孕镶金刚石材料的性能。(2)针对坚硬打滑地层钻进,根据岩石特点和仿生钻头结构要求,选取穿山甲爪趾作为仿生原型,设计了高胎体可再生仿生异型齿钻头的单齿结构。通过观察、分析穿山甲爪趾形态、结构及功能,提取穿山甲爪趾的仿生模型,并建立仿生钻头单齿模型。通过力学计算优化柱齿的高径比和阶梯的高宽比两个关键结构参数。利用ANSYS模拟分析了岩石在静载作用下,因仿生异型齿钻头和常规阶梯钻头作用而产生的应力的变化。结果说明:在柱齿直径和阶梯齿的宽度确定的条件下,柱齿的高径比与岩石的泊松比有关,阶梯齿的高宽比与岩石的摩擦系数有关。此外,相同的载荷作用下,相比于普通阶梯钻头单齿,仿生异型齿钻头单齿作用的岩石表面应力大,更易破碎岩石。(3)为获得满足结构和高度设计要求的仿生异型齿孕镶金刚石钻头,采用石墨和陶土两种方法制备了仿生异型齿孕镶金刚石钻头的模具,并通过无压浸渍工艺制备钻头,避免了热压烧结对钻头齿形结构和工作层高度的限制,制备出的仿生钻头成型度好,钻头结构、性能满足设计要求。(4)完成了无硬质相胎体仿生异型齿孕镶金刚石钻头的钻进试验。室内微钻试验说明含硼无硬质相胎体仿生异型齿孕镶金刚石钻头使用性能良好。现场试验中,相比同地层用其他孕镶金刚石钻头,仿生异型齿钻头的钻进速度提高了20~97.5%,工作寿命提高了1~2倍。无硬质相胎体仿生异型齿孕镶金刚石钻头高钻速长寿命主要是因为:材料方面含硼无硬质相胎体保护了金刚石的强度和切削能力,其耐磨性匹配金刚石的磨损,提高了金刚石的自锐能力,提高了金刚石工作效率;结构方面异型齿结构改变了岩石的受力状态、增加了岩石破碎自由面、岩石容易被破碎,高胎体结构延长了钻头使用寿命,自再生结构实现了钻头的自锐、稳定钻头在钻进过程中的碎岩效率。本文设计的无硬质相胎体仿生异型齿孕镶金刚石钻头,在工程实践中取得了初步效果,整体上实现了钻头机械钻速和工作寿命的同步提高,对后续仿生钻头的设计优化及应用具有实际的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Resource is the material foundation to ensure the long-term stable development of national economy, with the increasing depletion of resources of shallow deep drilling, the rise of deeper exploration and development imperative. How to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of drilling deep well drilling, the downhole drilling equipment quality and performance requirements increasingly strict. The drill has been at the core position in drilling technology system, its working life and save the drilling cost and drilling speed is the key factor to improve the drilling efficiency, however, the drilling speed of the drill bit and the working life is often difficult to achieve synchronization. In hard rock drilling, especially drilling hard slipping formation, in order to improve the diamond bit in this kind of strata in the drilling speed and working life, with the basic theory of bionics as a guide, this paper designs a non hard phase matrix bionic special tooth impregnated diamond bit. This paper The research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) the hard rock drilling slipping formation, according to the characteristics, requirements of bionic shape teeth structure and requirements of bit matrix performance, the hard phase matrix impregnated diamond bit formula. No hard phase matrix formula with iron, nickel and copper alloy mainly containing tungsten, tungsten carbide titanium carbide, high melting point, impregnated diamond bit matrix metal or alloy with high hardness. For diamond oxidation, there is no hard phase matrix impregnated diamond bit in the formula of carbonization, thermal damage and corrosion problems were improved by adding trace boron. The results show that: the boron free hard phase matrix the diamond impregnated material, boron easily adsorbed on the surface of the diamond, weaken the damage of high temperature and oxygen on diamond, reduce etching on Diamond iron, improve the interface between matrix and diamond, improve The performance of hard phase matrix impregnated diamond material. (2) the hard rock drilling slipping formation, according to the requirements and characteristics of bionic bit structure, selection of pangolin claw as bionic prototype, the design of single tooth structure high matrix bionic tooth bit. Renewable shaped through observation, analysis of pangolin claw shape, structure and function. The extraction of pangolin claw bionic model, and establish the bionic bit single tooth model. Through the mechanics calculation optimization of column teeth height to diameter ratio and step height width ratio of two. The analysis of the key structural parameters of rock under static load using ANSYS simulation, produced by bionic shaped teeth bit and conventional step bit effect should be the change in force. The results show that: in the column diameter and the width of the tooth tooth ladder under the condition of the tooth column height to diameter ratio and Poisson's ratio of height to width of rock, ladder tooth friction coefficient ratio relation with rock. Outside, under the same load, compared to the ordinary bit single tooth, tooth shaped rock surface bionic bit single tooth effect stress, more easily broken rocks. (3) to meet the design requirements of the bionic structure and height of shaped teeth of impregnated diamond bits, bionic mold shaped teeth of impregnated diamond bit by using two kinds of methods of graphite and clay, and the pressureless infiltration process for preparing drill, avoid hot pressing on drill tooth structure and working height limit, the prepared biomimetic drill bit structure, forming good performance to meet the design requirements. (4) completed the test without hard drilling the matrix phase bionic shaped teeth of impregnated diamond bit. Laboratory drilling test showed that boron containing no hard phase matrix shaped bionic tooth impregnated diamond bit with good performance. The field test, compared with the formation of other gold impregnated diamond bit, imitation Student profile tooth drill bit drilling speed increased 20~97.5%, the working life is improved by 1~2 times. No hard phase matrix of bionic tooth shaped diamond bit high drilling speed and long life is mainly because the material containing boron free hard phase matrix protection strength and cutting ability of diamond, the wear resistance, the wear of diamond, improve the self sharpening diamond ability, improve the work efficiency of diamond; structure of shaped teeth structure changes the stress state of rock, increasing rock breaking free surface, the rock is easy to be broken, high matrix structure to prolong the service life of the drill, self regeneration structure realizes the self sharpening drill bit in drilling process, stability the rock breaking efficiency. This paper designs the no hard phase matrix of bionic shaped teeth impregnated diamond bit, obtained initial effect in engineering practice, the whole realized the bit speed and the working life The synchronization improvement has practical guiding significance for the design optimization and application of the follow-up bionic bit.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P634.41

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