微藻光学特性反演及制氢动力学研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 23:18

  本文关键词：微藻光学特性反演及制氢动力学研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 微藻新能源 微藻细胞辐射特性 辐射反问题 光生物反应器 光生物制氢

【摘要】：能源短缺是人类在21世纪面临的重大危机。随着世界人口增长和工业化迅速发展,加快了对传统能源的消耗,也使得人类对能源的依赖更加严重。然而,传统能源多为不可再生能源,储量有限,且对环境有一定的污染,这使得人类把目光转向了清洁、可再生的新能源领域。与太阳能、核能和风能等新型能源相比,微藻能源因具有原材料丰富、生产操作安全、生产过程能耗低且使用过程零排放等特点,受到国内外的广泛关注。目前,微藻光生物制氢及产油已经成为全球研究的热点,美国等发达国家已经率先实现了从微藻培养到生物燃料制备的工业化生产。在影响微藻产氢产油的众多因素中,光能是最主要的因素之一。因此,准确地了解微藻细胞对光能的吸收散射特性及光生物反应器内辐射传输显得尤为重要。本文以微藻光生物制氢为研究背景,针对细胞辐射特性、光生物反应器内辐射传输及制氢动力学开展了理论和实验研究,主要完成以下几方面工作:首先介绍了单体微藻细胞辐射特性模型,比较了椭球形莱茵衣藻细胞与其等效球模型辐射特性的差异,并建立了基于分形理论和广义Mie理论的微藻细胞团聚体辐射特性模型,分析了分形维数、单体个数及单体半径对团聚体辐射特性的影响。结果表明,可用等效球模型近似计算椭球形莱茵衣藻细胞辐射特性;随着分形维数增大,单体半径越小且单体数越多的细胞团聚体散射截面变小且越接近等体积球的散射截面,而吸收截面变化不明显。在研究了细胞辐射特性模型的基础上,结合辐射反问题求解技术,展开了微藻细胞辐射特性的测量研究,即分别建立了基于时/频域激光透反射测量技术及微粒群智能优化算法的微藻细胞光谱复折射率反演模型和基于微藻弥散系光谱消光技术及蚁群智能优化算法的微藻细胞弥散系粒径分布反演模型。研究表明,时域脉冲激光作用下的微藻细胞光谱复折射率反演结果的鲁棒性好、精度高、收敛慢,基于多厚度模型和透反射信号的测量技术是一种有效反演莱茵衣藻GY-D55型细胞光谱复折射率的方法;在粒径分布函数未知的情况下,J-SB函数和M-?函数可以作为一般性函数来近似参数化估计细胞粒径分布,提出的一种基于波长敏感度和矩阵条件数分析的探测激光波长优选方案能提高细胞粒径分布的非参数化反演精度。在研究了细胞辐射特性的基础上,结合Michaelis-Menten动力学模型,进一步开展了光生物反应器内辐射传输及光生物制氢的研究,分析了不同地区不同时刻光照强度、气泡密度、藻类浓度及微藻团聚现象对反应器内辐射传输及制氢率的影响,并搭建了平板气升式光生物反应器制氢实验平台,测量了不同波长和强度的LED灯照射下莱茵衣藻GY-D55型细胞的制氢率,反演得到相应LED灯照射下的制氢特性参数。研究表明,夏至日光照强、制氢率高、光能对氢能转化效率低,增大气泡密度使得反应器内最大光合有效制氢区域减小并远离反应器光照表面,增加微藻细胞浓度使得反应器内总制氢率出现先增大后减小的趋势;微藻细胞光谱吸收指数是影响微藻光合作用动力学的关键因素,在吸收指数较大的波长下,同样的光强能获得较大的细胞生长率和制氢率。
[Abstract]:Energy shortage is a major crisis in twenty-first Century of human faces. With the world population growth and the rapid development of industrialization, speed up the consumption of traditional energy, but also makes the human dependence on energy is more serious. However, the traditional energy is non renewable energy reserves are limited, and there is a certain degree of pollution to the environment, which makes the human eye to clean, renewable new energy field. Compared with solar, nuclear and wind power and other new energy sources, energy microalgae with abundant raw materials, safe production and operation, the characteristics of the production process of low energy consumption and zero emissions in the process of using, by domestic and international attention. At present, microalgae Photobiological Hydrogen Production and oil production has become the focus of global study on the United States and other developed countries have taken the lead from the implementation of the microalgae culture to the industrialized production of biofuels in preparation. Factors affecting hydrogen production of the microalgae oil, light It is one of the main factors. Therefore, accurate understanding of microalgae cells on light absorption and light scattering characteristics of biological reactor radiation transmission is particularly important. In this paper, on the background of microalgae Photobiological Hydrogen Production, the cell radiation characteristics of photobioreactor for radiative transfer and hydrogen dynamics carried out theoretical and experimental research, mainly completed the following work: firstly introduces the radiation characteristics of single microalgae cell model, compared the radiation characteristics of ellipsoidal Rhine Chlamydomonas equivalent sphere model, and established the radiation characteristics of fractal theory and generalized Mie theory of microalgae cells aggregates model based on the analysis of fractal dimension, the effect of monomer number and the monomer radius on the radiation characteristics of aggregates. The results show that the equivalent sphere model of approximate calculation of radiation characteristics of ellipsoidal Rhine Chlamydomonas; with the increase of fractal dimension Large cross section cell aggregates scattering cross section of single radius is small and the number of monomers more smaller and more close to the volume of the ball, and the absorption cross section did not change significantly. Based on the radiation characteristics of cell model, combined with the inverse radiation problem solving technique, the measurement study of the radiation characteristics of microalgae. Which are established based on time / frequency laser reflection measurement technique and particle swarm optimization algorithm of the microalgae spectral complex refractive index and the inversion model of microalgae dispersion spectral extinction technology and ant colony optimization algorithm of microalgae cell diffusion coefficient inversion model based on particle size distribution. The results show that the time-domain pulse spectrum of microalgae under laser irradiation the inversion results of complex refractive index of good robustness, high precision, slow convergence, based on multi thickness model and reflection signal measurement technique is an effective inversion in Rhine Chlamydomonas GY-D55 The refractive index of the complex cell spectrum; particle size distribution function in the case of unknown function, J-SB and M-? Function can be used as general function to approximate the parametric estimation of cell size distribution of inversion precision of the proposed nonparametric analysis based on a number of wavelength sensitivity and matrix condition detection of laser wavelength selection scheme can enhance the cell size distribution. Based on the radiation characteristics of cells, combined with the Michaelis-Menten dynamic model, we carried out further studies on radiation transmission and light bio hydrogen production in the photobioreactor, analyzed the bubble density different areas in different time, light intensity, concentration of algae and microalgae agglomeration effects of radiation transmission and the hydrogen production rate of the reactor, and build a flat plate airlift photobioreactor for hydrogen production experiment platform, different wavelength and intensity of light irradiation LED Rhine Chlamydomonas GY-D55 measurement Cell type hydrogen production rate, hydrogen inversion parameters corresponding LED light irradiation. The results indicate that the summer solstice, the sun was shining, hydrogen production rate is high, energy of hydrogen conversion efficiency is low, increasing the bubble density makes the maximum light reactor effective hydrogen production reactor and reducing the area away from the light surface, increase the algal cell concentration makes in the reactor the total hydrogen production rate increased first and then decreased; the spectral absorption index of microalgae cells is the key factor influencing microalgal photosynthetic dynamics, at the wavelength of absorption index is larger, the same intensity can obtain the growth rate and hydrogen production rate larger cells.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TQ116.2;Q949.2
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本文编号：1380546