烟盲蝽及其近缘种的种群遗传学研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 08:12

本文关键词：烟盲蝽及其近缘种的种群遗传学研究　出处：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：明确物种的种群动态、遗传多样性和种群遗传结构,是合理制定物种保护和管理策略的基础。本研究以烟盲蝽Nesidiocoris tenuis及其近缘种为研究对象,系统地探究影响种群分布格局的因素。本文主要包括三部分：(1)烟盲蝽的种群遗传结构和种群动态研究;(2)波氏烟盲蝽Nesidiocoris poppiusi的种群现生分布格局分析；(3)快速鉴别烟盲蝽及其近缘种的分子方法。1.烟盲蝽是一种喜热的杂食性盲蝽,也是农业生态系统中的天敌昆虫,在中国有着广泛的分布。目前,对烟盲蝽的种群遗传结构研究和古气候影响鲜有报道。本研究中,我们采用3个线粒体基因片段(COI,ND2和CytB)以及核糖体分子标记(5.8S,ITS2和28S),对中国范围内的37个地理种群共516个样本展开种群遗传学分析工作。结果显示：(1)序列变异分析显示,在串联的线粒体基因片段(COI+ND2+CytB)中共检测到130个单倍型,其中有6个单倍型(H1,H4,H6,H12,H13和H17)为大多数种群共享,102个是独有单倍型。在核糖体rDNA-ITS2分子标记分析中检测到30个单倍型。(2)单倍型聚类分析结果显示,单倍型共聚为三类。第一类单倍型高比例分布于中国西南地区的3个种群中；而在余下的34个种群中,则表现出以第二类单倍型为主,辅以少量或没有第三类单倍型的分布状态。(3)种群遗传结构分析显示,烟盲蝽的西南地区种群(SWC组)与余下的种群(OC组)形成显著分化。在OC组中,我们检测到长距离的不对称迁移和高水平基因流。(4)中性检测和错配分析的结果均显示烟盲蝽在历史上曾发生过种群扩张。基于两种不同核苷酸突变速率的种群扩张时间推断分析结果显示,烟盲蝽的种群扩张发生在在末次最大冰期后,与许多喜温物种的扩张模型一致。更新世气候波动,复杂的地理地势,人为干涉因素和其他的生态因素(温湿度等)的综合作用形成了当前烟盲蝽的种群遗传结构。2.烟盲蝽的近缘种-—波氏烟盲蝽的种群遗传结构也鲜有报道。本研究利用线粒体的COI基因片段,对全国范围内采集的波氏烟盲蝽地理种群展开遗传结构分析。结果显示：(1)7个地理种群划分为偏西地区组(We group)和偏东地区组(Ea group),两组之间存在显著的遗传变异,且种群间遗传变异的分量不容小觑。(2)系统进化分析也支持所有单倍型聚为两类：第一类单倍型仅包含Nph9和Nph10两个单倍型,只分布于中国偏西地区的4个种群中；而余下的9个单倍型则构成了第二类单倍型,分布于中国偏东地区的3个种群中。(3)中性检验分析和错配分布的结果均支持波氏烟盲蝽整体经历了种群扩张。3.烟盲蝽和波氏烟盲蝽的体型、体色十分相近,极易混淆,本研究通过对两种近缘种盲蝽的COI基因片段(国际认可的DNA barcoding区域)进行大规模地测序和遗传距离计算,发现盲蝽种内遗传变异很小,而种间遗传变异很大,超过了物种鉴定的最小种间遗传距离(0.020)。网络中介图也支持传统形态分类的结果,该分子标记突破了传统分类上只能采用雄性外生殖器进行精准鉴定的局限性,建立了一种可快速鉴定烟盲蝽及其近缘种的分子方法。
[Abstract]:Clearly the species population dynamics, genetic diversity and population genetic structure, is the foundation to establish reasonable species protection and management strategy. In this study, n.tenuis Nesidiocoris tenuis and its relatives as the research object, systematically explore the influencing factors of population distribution pattern. This article mainly includes three parts: (1) n.tenuis. The population genetic structure and population dynamics research; (2) podbielniak n.tenuis Nesidiocoris poppiusi the population distribution pattern analysis; (3) the rapid identification of n.tenuis and molecular methods for species.1. n.tenuis is a hi hot omnivorous mirids, but also in the agriculture ecosystem of natural enemy insects that has a wide distribution in the China. At present, the research of n.tenuis population genetic structure and climate influence is rarely reported. In this study, we used 3 mitochondrial gene fragments (COI, ND2 and CytB) and molecular markers (5.8S, IT ribosome S2 and 28S), population genetics analysis. 37 populations of Chinese within the scope of a total of 516 samples showed that: (1) the sequence variation analysis showed that the mitochondrial gene fragments in series (COI+ND2+CytB) into 130 haplotypes, including 6 haplotypes (H1, H4, H6. H12, H13 and H17) share the majority of the population, 102 were unique haplotypes. 30 haplotypes were detected in the analysis of ribosomal rDNA-ITS2 molecular markers. (2) haplotype clustering analysis showed that the haplotypes into three classes. The first class was a high proportion of haplotypes distributed in 3 populations in southwest Chinese; and in 34 the rest of the population, showed second haplotypes, with little or no distribution of third kinds of haplotypes. (3) analysis showed that the genetic structure of the population, n.tenuis southwest population (group SWC) and the rest of the population (OC group) was formed Differentiation. In group OC, we detected asymmetric migration and high level long distance gene flow. (4) analysis of neutral detection and mismatch results showed that n.tenuis in history had a population expansion. Two population expansion time analysis results show that different nucleotide mutation rate based on population expansion n.tenuis occurred in the last glacial maximum, consistent with the expansion model of many thermophilic species. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, complex geography, human interference factors and other ecological factors (temperature and humidity) the comprehensive effect is formed when former n.tenuis population genetic structure.2. n.tenuis. Relatives - wave's n.tenuis population genetic structure is rarely reported. This study used mitochondrial COI gene, on genetic structure analysis of the nationwide collection of Bordetella n.tenuis populations. The results showed: (1) 7 The geographic population is divided into west area group (We group) and East Group (Ea group), a significant genetic variation between the two groups, and the genetic variation among populations of components should not be underestimated. (2) phylogenetic analysis also supports all the haplotypes clustered into two categories: the first category haplotype contains only Nph9 and Nph10 two haplotypes, only distributed in 4 populations in the west region of Chinese; and 9 haplotypes remaining constitute the second kinds of haplotypes, distributed in 3 populations in East Chinese. (3) neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis results support the wave's n.tenuis overall experienced population expansion.3. n.tenuis and podbielniak n.tenuis shape, color is very similar, easily confused, this study of two related COI gene fragments meyer-d (DNA barcoding regional international recognition) large-scale sequencing and genetic distance calculation, found that mirid species Genetic variation is very small, but the interspecific genetic variation, minimum interspecific genetic distance than species identification (0.020). The network also supports the traditional morphological classification of intermediate results, limitations of the molecular marker to break the traditional classification can be used for accurate identification of male genitalia, established a fast identification of n.tenuis and its relative molecular method.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q963

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