稻田微气候及其对水稻产量和品质的影响

发布时间：2018-01-13 21:01

本文关键词：稻田微气候及其对水稻产量和品质的影响　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：气象条件是影响水稻产量和品质的重要环境因子,而小气候对水稻的生长发育作用更直接。为了研究稻田中的小气候特征及其对产量和品质的影响,本试验选择多个直立、半直立和弯曲穗型品种,在水稻齐穗期、灌浆期、成熟期分别用HOBO (HO8-007-02)温湿度采集器记录水稻群体冠层顶以上20cm、群体中植株2/3高度和植株1/3高度的温度、相对湿度、露点温度数据,在水稻灌浆中期测定不同群体中的光照度,并调查株形性状和产量构成因素,收获后测定产量和品质。分析了不同穗型水稻群体中温度、湿度、光照度的分布、变化情况及差异,并对稻田小气候与株形性状、产量和产量构成、品质进行了相关分析,得到了以下主要结果：1.水稻群体中上部光强减弱得快,下部减弱较慢；太阳高度角较高时上下减弱的速度差异不大。不同品种群体中1/3高度处光照度仅在中午时差异稍大,10时之前和14时之后差异很小。多数弯穗群体中的透光率明显低于其它品种。直立穗和半直立穗群体之间透光率差异不大。2.各品种水稻群体中温度和湿度的日变化趋势一致,与大气中的温湿度变化趋势相同。不同穗型水稻群体中的温湿度差异主要是在晴天的白天。白天水稻群体中温度随时间的变化趋势与相对湿度相反,最高温度和最低相对湿度出现的时间基本一致,大约在午后13时左右,早于大气最高气温出现的时间。3.群体中湿度的脉动变化大于温度,露点温度的脉动又大于相对湿度,且日变化不如温度和相对湿度的规律明显。不同水稻群体中温度的差异小于湿度,从水稻齐穗至成熟,晴天不同品种群体中的相对湿度和露点差异均为极显著,温度差异从8月中旬灌浆期开始显著,到9月中旬已为极显著。4.白天群体下部1/3高度的温度低于上部活动面,温差最大可以达到4℃以上；群体活动面温度一般低于冠层以上的大气温度,晴天中午时比较接近。湿度随高度的变化相反,下部湿度高于上部,中午相对湿度相差约20%。冠层以上大气的湿度低于冠层内。夜间群体中各高度的温度和湿度基本一致,相对湿度均为100%,不同高度温湿度达到一致的时间大约为19时-次日7时,不同时期会有所差异。5.在水稻灌浆结实期的8月至9月中旬,常规稻弯穗品种群体中的温度低于直立、半直立穗品种,相对湿度一般高于直立、半直立穗品种,而直立和半直立穗品种之间的差别不大。在9月下旬,水稻已近成熟,各品种的衰老进程不同,群体中的温湿度对比状况会发生改变。但杂交稻与常规稻品种有所不同,群体中的温湿度与其它品种之间的温度对比没有太明显的规律。6.光照与植株性状的关系较温湿度更为密切,其中穗颈角、叶颈角和穗长对光照度的影响最大。灌浆期的群体温湿度与株高和穗部性状相关较为显著。后期剑叶叶片温度与光合速率、蒸腾速率都呈二次的抛物线,说明存在适宜温度范围。7.水稻灌浆期和成熟期的平均温度与穗数显著负相关,湿度与穗数为显著正相关。2/3高度的光照与穗数呈显著负相关。湿度与谷草比为负相关,与成穗率为正相关。光照与产量之间有较为明显的关系,中午前后的光照与产量的关系比早晚大,2/3高度的光照影响大于1/3高度。群体中平均透光率与产量呈抛物线关系。对产量性状与小气候典型相关分析表明,穗长、穗数对小气候因子关系影响较大,小气候因子则对成粒率影响较大。灌浆期温度、齐穗期相对湿度、2/3高度光照度这几个小气候因子较易影响产量性状。8.群体中的温湿度对碾磨品质的影响较明显,并且灌浆期的温度影响最大。光照对多数品质指标都有影响,但影响比较大的是整精米率、粒长和直链淀粉含量。糙米率、垩白率和蛋白含量与透光率之间基本是正相关,整精米率、食味值和直链淀粉含量与透光率均为负相关。
[Abstract]:Weather conditions are the important factor influencing the yield and quality of rice, and the microclimate on rice growth more directly. In order to study the microclimate characteristics in paddy field and its impact on Yield and quality, this experiment selects a plurality of erect, semi erect and curved panicle varieties in rice heading stage, filling stage. Mature HOBO (HO8-007-02) were used to record the temperature and humidity acquisition of rice canopy above the top of 20cm, 2/3 group plant height and plant height of 1/3 temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature data, the illuminance in the rice filling stage determination of different groups in the survey, and factors of plant type traits and yield, and yield determination the quality of post harvest. The analysis of the temperature and humidity in different panicle type rice population, the distribution of light intensity, the changes and differences of paddy field microclimate and plant traits, yield and yield, quality of phase Correlation analysis, the main results are as follows: 1. rice population in the upper part of the light intensity decreased faster, lower speed difference weakened slowly; the sun elevation angle is higher on the weakening of the little. Different groups of varieties at the height of 1/3 illumination difference only at noon is slightly big, 10 before and 14 after the difference is very small. The majority of the population of curved panicle transmission rate was significantly lower than that of other varieties. The consistent change trend between the erect panicle and semi erect panicle population transmittance of temperature and humidity groups of various rice in difference.2., trends and changes of temperature and humidity in the atmosphere. The temperature and humidity difference among different panicle type rice is the main in the sunny day the change trend of temperature during the day. The day of rice population with time and relative humidity on the contrary, the highest temperature and the lowest relative humidity appeared at approximately the same time, in the afternoon around 13 PM, as early as the highest gas atmosphere The fluctuation of temperature and humidity occurred in the.3. community is greater than the temperature fluctuation, the dew point temperature is higher than that of relative humidity, and daily change as the temperature and relative humidity. The temperature difference between the different groups of significantly less than in rice moisture from the rice heading to maturity, sunny different breed groups in the relative humidity and the dew point difference significantly, the temperature difference between the filling period from mid August to mid September has been significantly, significantly lower 1/3.4. day group high temperature is lower than the upper surface activity, temperature can reach more than 4 DEG C; group active surface temperature is generally lower than the air temperature above the canopy, sunny noon humidity with height relatively close. The change in contrast, lower humidity is higher than the upper, noon relative humidity is about 20%. above the atmospheric humidity below the canopy. The canopy height groups night temperature and humidity basic Consistent, relative humidity was 100%, temperature and humidity in different height reached the same time is about 19 - 7 pm the next day, in different periods have different.5. in rice grain filling period from August to mid September, conventional rice varieties with curved panicle population in temperature is lower than that of erect, semi erect panicle varieties, the relative humidity is generally higher than the upright and semi erect panicle cultivars, and between the erect and semi erect panicle varieties had little difference. In late September, rice has been mature, the aging process of different varieties, comparing conditions of temperature and humidity in the group will be changed. But hybrid rice and conventional rice varieties are different, the temperature contrast between the temperature and humidity in the group with other varieties not too obvious regularity of.6. relationship of light and plant characters of temperature and humidity is more close, the panicle angle, leaf angle and neck panicle length effect on the light of the maximum filling period group. Temperature and humidity with plant height and panicle Correlation is more significant. The late leaf temperature and photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate showed a parabola two times, indicating the existence of suitable temperature range the average temperature of.7. rice grain filling stage and mature stage and panicle number was negatively correlated, humidity and spike number were positively related to the height of the.2/3 light and the spike number was significant negative correlation. Humidity and straw ratio was negative correlation with spike rate was positively correlated. Light has more obvious relationship with yield, the relationship between noon light and yield than the height of the 2/3 sooner or later, the effect of light is more than 1/3. The average height of light group was parabola relationship with yield. The yield traits and microclimate canonical correlation analysis showed that panicle length, panicle number has great influence on the relationship between microclimate factors, climatic factors on grain rate. Influence of temperature during grain filling, heading relative humidity, the height of 2/3 illumination of this small climate The influence of temperature and humidity factor is easy to yield traits in the.8. population effect on milling quality is obvious, and the effect of temperature during grain filling stage. The maximum illumination have influence on most quality indicators, but the impact is relatively large head milled rice rate, grain length and amylose content. The brown rice rate, chalkiness rate and between protein content and transmittance is basically a positive correlation, milled rice rate, amylose content and taste value and light transmittance were negatively correlated.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S511;S162.53

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