银川平原不同类型湿地碳汇评估研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 16:31

  本文关键词：银川平原不同类型湿地碳汇评估研究　出处：《宁夏大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 银川平原 不同类型湿地 碳汇 评估

【摘要】：湿地生态系统具有很强的碳汇能力,在全球碳循环中占有重要地位。本研究以银川平原湿地生态系统为研究区域,以生态系统演替理论、生态系统管理理论、碳汇理论等为理论指导,选择银川平原湿地恢复与保护工程实施前期(2000年)、中期(2005年,2010年)和近期(2014年)四期TM影像,采用野外调查采样、实验室测定和“3S”技术相结合的方法,通过建立判读标志、野外定位观测、室内解译等步骤,获取4个年份4类湿地的相关遥感数据,构建了4类湿地RS-MLRM(多元线性回归遥感估测模型)。基于RS-MLRM,对4类湿地生物量、植被碳含量、土壤碳含量、碳储量及碳汇能力进行分析和评估。研究成果为该区域碳汇功能动态监测、促进区域湿地碳循环、提升区域碳汇能力提供理论与方法创新,同时为我国旱区湿地碳汇功能研究提供科学依据和理论指导,对进一步研究全球气候背景下的湿地碳动态测评有参考意义。主要结论如下：(1)构建了银川平原不同类型湿地RS-MLRMo银川平原湿地地上-地下植被生物量的遥感信息估测总模型为比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、纹理测度值均值(ME)、第2主成分(PC2)4因子模型：河流生物量估测模型为修改型土壤调整植被指数(MSVI),第2主成分(PC2)2因子模型；湖泊湿地生物量模型为比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、纹理测度值均值(ME)3因子模型；沼泽湿地生物量估测模型为比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、纹理测度值均值(ME)、第2主成分(PC2)4因子模型；人工湿地比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、纹理测度值均值信息熵(EN)、差值植被指数(DVI)、第2主成分(PC2)、纹理测度值均值(ME)6因子估测模型；在此基础上得到不同类型湿地的植被地上-地下碳含量最优估测模型。土壤有机碳含量以地上生物量(AGB)、土壤总氮(TN)2因子模型为最优估测模型。结果表明,RS-MLRM具有较好的反演精度和预测能力,其模型显著性检验为极显著,比传统的RS-LAIM(基于叶面积指数的一元回归遥感估测模型)具有更高的精度和可靠性。(2)2000～2014年2000～2014年银川平原湿地多年平均生物量的波动范围为2230.89～4058.07 g/m2,均值为2931.03 g/m2,总生物量集中分布在1745.88～6773.78g/m2范围,生物量分布等级经历了由不平衡发展到平衡发展过程,趋向平衡方向发展；2014年,高等级生物量斑块面积增加,低等级生物量斑块面积减少。不同类型湿地的多年平均生物量沼泽湿地湖泊湿地人工湿地河流湿地,且年际波动存在较大差异。生物量分布存在较大的空间差异,呈现出中部和西南部地区较高,东北部低的分布规律,中部和西南部稳定性较高,7个重点湿地生物量变化与银川平原湿地变化基本一致。(3)2000～2014年,银川平原湿地碳储量密度呈由不均衡-均衡的方向发展,植被碳含量和土壤有机碳密度均呈现先减少后增加的趋势,呈现出碳汇集的现象；不同类型湿地的年际波动存在较大差异,空间分布整体上中部地区和西南部地区较高,东北部地区较低。多年平均植被碳含量的波动范围为891.54-1629.49gC/m2,均值为1174.31 gC/m2,CV(变异系数)为29.42%,土壤碳密度的波动范围为2913.58～3342.29 gC/m2,均值为2461.03gC/m2, CV为27.39%；银川平原湿地土壤碳含量和碳密度最大,其土壤碳密度约是植被碳总含量的1.27倍,是银川平原湿地的主要碳储存载体,在银川平原湿地碳循环中具有重要的地位和作用。7个重点湿地碳储量变化与银川平原湿地变化基本一致。银川平原湿地碳储量分布与植被生物量密切相关,植被生物量高的区域其总碳储量也较高；与植被生物量空间分布呈现相似的特征。(4)为了更好地表明银川平原湿地碳汇能力的变化情况,本研究提出绝对碳汇能力和相对碳汇能力两个概念。同时从绝对碳汇能力、相对碳汇能力、基于IPCC规则的库-差别法的碳汇量测评及固碳释氧量4个方面对2000～2014年银川平原湿地的碳汇能力进行了评估。结果表明,2000～2014年银川平原湿地的碳汇能力经历了先下降后上升的过程,。2000-2005年碳汇能力呈下降趋势,2010～2014年呈上升趋势,2014年湿地的碳汇能力提升明显。不同类型湿地的绝对碳汇能力和相对碳汇能力变化一致,为沼泽湿地湖泊湿地人工湿地河流湿地。2000～2014年4类湿地固碳释氧量均出现了先减后增的趋势,整体上呈增加趋势,分别增加了37.68%和38.21%。2014年,研究区湿地碳汇能力已接近中国森林的平均碳汇能力,湿地碳汇能力增强显著,这表明湿地恢复与保护成效显著。7个重点湿地碳汇能力分别为青铜峡库区吴忠黄河湿地沙湖黄沙古渡星海湖阅海鸣翠湖,其四个时期碳汇能力变化与银川平原湿地基本一致。
[Abstract]:Wetland ecosystem has strong carbon sequestration capacity, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. In this study, the ecosystem of Yinchuan wetland plain as the study area, the ecosystem succession theory, ecosystem management theory, carbon sink theory, Yin Chuanping original wetland restoration and protection project implementation period (2000), mid (2005, 2010) and recent (2014) four TM images, by field investigation and sampling, laboratory test method and "3S" technology combined, through the establishment of interpretation signs, field observation and indoor interpretation steps related to remote sensing data acquisition 4 years 4 kinds of wetland, constructed 4 kinds of wetland RS-MLRM (multiple linear regression estimation model). Based on RS-MLRM, 4 kinds of wetland vegetation biomass, soil carbon content, carbon content, carbon sequestration and the ability to analyze and evaluate the research results for the regional carbon. Exchange function of dynamic monitoring, the promotion of regional wetland carbon cycle, enhance carbon sequestration capacity region provides theory and method innovation, and provide scientific and theoretical basis for the study of carbon sequestration function arid wetland in China, has the reference value for the further study of wetland carbon dynamic evaluation under the background of global climate. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) construction of remote sensing information the general estimation model of Yinchuan plain different types of wetlands in Yinchuan plain wetland RS-MLRMo below ground vegetation biomass ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the mean value of texture measure (ME), the second principal component (PC2) 4 factor model: River biomass estimation model modified soil adjusted vegetation index (MSVI), the second principal component (PC2) 2 factor model; Lake Wetland biomass model for the ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the mean value of texture measure (ME) 3 factor model; Marsh biomass estimation model for the ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the mean value of texture measure (ME), the second principal component (PC2) 4 factor model; artificial wetland ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), texture measure mean information entropy (EN), difference vegetation index (DVI), the second principal component (PC2), the mean value of texture measure (ME) 6 factor estimation model; on the basis of the different types of wetland vegetation on underground carbon content of optimal estimation model. The content of soil organic carbon in aboveground biomass (AGB), soil total nitrogen (TN) 2 factor model for optimal estimation model. The results show that RS-MLRM has better retrieval accuracy and predictive ability of the model test of significance is very significant, than the traditional RS-LAIM (a leaf area index regression estimation model based on Remote Sensing) has higher precision and reliability. (2) from 2000 to 2014 2 From 000 to 2014 in Yinchuan plain wetland range of average biomass is 2230.89 ~ 4058.07 g/m2, the average is 2931.03 g/m2, the total biomass concentrated in the range of 1745.88 ~ 6773.78g/m2, the biomass distribution level experienced by the unbalanced to balanced development process, trend of balanced development; in 2014, the high grade biomass patch area increased low level, the biomass of patch area decreased. The average biomass of marsh wetland wetland wetland rivers of different types of wetlands, and the interannual fluctuations are quite different. The biomass distribution have great spatial differences, showing a higher central and southwestern regions, distribution of northeast, central and southwestern high stability 7, the change of Wetland in Yinchuan Plain Wetland on biomass and the consistent change. (3) from 2000 to 2014, the Yinchuan plain wetland carbon storage density was from The unbalanced - balanced direction, vegetation carbon content and soil organic carbon density were decreased firstly and then increased, showing the phenomenon of carbon pool; there is a big difference between the annual fluctuation of different types of wetlands, the spatial distribution of the whole central region and the southwest high, northeast area is relatively low. The fluctuation range of the average vegetation the carbon content is 891.54-1629.49gC/m2 years, mean 1174.31 gC/m2, CV (coefficient of variation) was 29.42%, the fluctuation range of soil carbon density is 2913.58 ~ 3342.29 gC/m2, mean 2461.03gC/m2, CV 27.39%; Yinchuan plain wetland soil carbon content and carbon density, the soil carbon density is about 1.27 times the total vegetation carbon content that is the main carrier of carbon storage in Yinchuan plain wetland, wetland has the status and role of.7 on wetland carbon storage in the Yinchuan plain and important change in Yinchuan plain wetland carbon cycle Consistent. Closely related to the carbon storage and distribution of vegetation biomass in the Yinchuan plain wetland vegetation biomass in areas of high total carbon reserves is higher; showing similar characteristics and spatial distribution of vegetation biomass. (4) in order to show that the changes of carbon sequestration in Yinchuan plain wetland, this study proposes the absolute carbon sequestration capacity and the carbon sequestration capacity of two concepts. At the same time from the absolute relative carbon sequestration, carbon sequestration, carbon amount evaluation rules of IPCC Library - difference method and carbon fixation and oxygen release of the 4 aspects of the 2000 ~ 2014 in Yinchuan plain wetland based on carbon sequestration capacity were evaluated. The results showed that from 2000 to 2014 in Yinchuan plain wetland carbon sequestration experience the process of the first decline after rising,.2000-2005 annual carbon sequestration capacity decreased from 2010 to 2014 showed a rising trend in 2014, wetland carbon sequestration capacity improved significantly. Different types of wetlands in the vast The carbon sequestration capacity and carbon sequestration capacity relative to the same change for marsh Lake Wetland wetland River Wetland.2000 ~ 2014 4 kinds of wetland carbon fixation and oxygen release were first decreased and then increased trend, the overall increased, increased by 37.68% and 38.21%.2014 years, the average carbon sequestration capacity of wetland carbon sequestration research area is close to Chinese the forest, significantly enhance carbon sequestration capacity of wetland, which indicated that the wetland restoration and protection effect of.7 on wetland carbon sequestration capacity were Wu Zhong Qingtongxia reservoir area of the Yellow River wetland in Shahu Xinghai Lake huangshagudu Yuehai Mingcui Lake wetland change, carbon sequestration capacity of the four period and Yinchuan plain are basically the same.

【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q14
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本文编号：1424401