皖西大别山区高速公路边坡人工植被恢复特征及其质量评价

发布时间：2018-01-17 01:15

  本文关键词：皖西大别山区高速公路边坡人工植被恢复特征及其质量评价　出处：《北京林业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 皖西大别山区 高速公路边坡 群落特征 土壤性质 土壤种子库 植被恢复质量评价

【摘要】：本文以皖西大别山区的岳武高速公路边坡为研究对象,运用定位研究和常规群落调查法,研究了人工植被建植初期的边坡群落特征和土壤性质动态变化特征。探讨了该地区不同恢复年限(2a、5a、7a和9a)的高速公路边坡植被的群落特征。结合现场调查,从边坡力学质量、基材质量、群落质量3方面构建植被恢复质量评价指标体系,采用AHP与模糊综合评价相结合的方法对人工植被恢复2a的岳武高速公路边坡植被进行了质量评价。主要研究结果如下：(1)通过研究新建高速公路边坡群落的动态特征得出：采取不同植被恢复措施的群落特征在植被建植初期有较大差异,植被建植第1周年,液压喷播样地的物种数量、植被盖度与群落高度明显占优,但在第2周年却出现明显的退化,而此时纤维毯与植生带样地的物种数量、植被盖度、群落高度明显提高,其群落稳定性与可持续性更好。各边坡样地的群落多样性指数的动态变化反映了群落结构正在由较简单水平向复杂水平演变。(2)采用不同植被恢复措施的边坡土壤特征在植被建植初期有较大差异。植被恢复2年后,纤维毯与植生带样地的土壤密度、土壤孔隙度、土壤水分入渗能力得到明显改善,纤维毯样地的土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量增幅最大,纤维毯与植生带样地的基材抗剪强度的增幅也最大,说明坡面植物的生长状况及群落结构直接影响着土壤物理性质、土壤养分含量及边坡稳定性。群落特征相关指数与土壤养分因子、基材抗剪强度之间的相关性显著。(3)不同恢复年限的高速公路边坡人工植被群落特征明显。植被恢复初期,群落优势种以人工播种的物种为主,多样性水平较低；随着恢复年限的推进,入侵的乡土物种丰富了群落物种的种类,从而提高了群落的多样性指数,随着演替的进行,群落优势种又集中于单一种群,多样性指数降低。(4)随着边坡植被—土壤系统得到改善,大量禾本科、豆科、菊科乡土植物入侵并占据较大的群落空间,改变了人工植被群落的结构。在进一步演替中,木本植物开始占据较大的群落空间。皖西大别山区高速公路边坡人工植被建植后9年的自然化演替过程为：人工草灌群落阶段(1-2a)、人工植被与乡土植被共存草灌群落阶段(2-7a)和乔灌草群落阶段(7-9a)。(5)皖西大别山区高速公路边坡的土壤种子库丰度较大。不同恢复年限边坡的地上植被与土壤种子库的物种组成具有一定的相似性。(6)通过对岳武高速公路边坡植被的恢复质量进行评价,结果显示采用不同生态护坡模式的植被恢复质量等级也有差别,其中植物纤维毯和植生带生态护坡模式的植被恢复质量为优,适宜用于皖西大别山区高速公路边坡植被恢复。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the slope of Yuewu Expressway in Dabie Mountain area of West Anhui Province is taken as the research object. The characteristics of slope community and soil properties in the early stage of artificial vegetation were studied. Combined with field investigation, the evaluation index system of vegetation restoration quality was constructed from three aspects: slope mechanical quality, base material quality and community quality. The method of combining AHP with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to evaluate the vegetation quality of the slope of Yuewu Expressway which was restored by artificial vegetation for 2 years. The main results are as follows: 1). By studying the dynamic characteristics of slope community in Xinjian Expressway, it is concluded that the community characteristics of different vegetation restoration measures are different in the early stage of vegetation establishment. The number of species, vegetation coverage and community height were dominant in the first anniversary of the establishment of vegetation, but there was a significant degradation in the second anniversary, and the number of species in fiber blanket and plantlet plots. Vegetation coverage and community height increased significantly. The community stability and sustainability are better. The dynamic change of community diversity index of slope plots reflects that the community structure is changing from simple level to complex level. The soil characteristics of slope with different vegetation restoration measures were different in the early stage of vegetation restoration. 2 years after vegetation restoration. The soil density, soil porosity and soil moisture infiltration capacity of fiber blanket and plantlet plots were improved obviously. The content of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter increased the most in fiber blanket plots. The increase of shear strength of base material in fiber blanket and plant-belt plots was also the largest, which indicated that the growth status and community structure of the plants on the slope directly affected the physical properties of the soil. Soil nutrient content and slope stability. Correlation index of community characteristics and soil nutrient factor. The correlation between shear strength of base material is significant. 3) the characteristics of artificial vegetation community on highway slope with different restoration years are obvious. In the early stage of vegetation restoration, the dominant species of the community are mainly artificially seeded species. The diversity level is low; With the advance of restoration years, invasive native species enriched the species of community species, thus improving the diversity index of the community. With the succession, the dominant species of the community concentrated on a single population. With the improvement of slope vegetation-soil system, a large number of Gramineae, Leguminosae and Compositae native plants invaded and occupied a large community space. Changed the structure of artificial vegetation community. In the further succession. Woody plants began to occupy a large community space. The natural succession process of artificial vegetation on highway slope of Dabie Mountain area of West Anhui Province for 9 years was as follows: artificial grass irrigation community stage (1-2a). Artificial vegetation and native vegetation co-exist in herbage community stage (2-7a) and Arbor shrub grass community stage (7-9a. 5). The abundance of soil seed bank of expressway slope in Dabie Mountain area of West Anhui Province is relatively large. The species composition of soil seed bank and the above ground vegetation of slope with different restoration years are similar to that of soil seed bank. The quality of vegetation restoration on the slope of Yuewu Expressway was evaluated. The results showed that there were differences in the quality of vegetation restoration with different ecological slope protection models, and the vegetation restoration quality of plant fiber blanket and vegetation belt ecological slope protection model was the best. It is suitable for vegetation restoration of highway slope in Dabie Mountain area, West Anhui Province.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q948
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本文编号：1435656