基于间接效应关系的三种群系统进化研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 11:42

本文关键词： 间接效应化学计量学适应性进化性状连续稳定策略进化分支　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在对物种进化的研究中,两种群的捕食者-食饵系统进化响应的研究比较多见.然而对于三种群及更复杂生态系统进化响应的理论研究工作并不多见.因此本文以三种群的营养级联系统和共位群内捕食系统为基础,分别从快速进化和长期进化的角度出发建立进化模型,系统研究了生态系统的进化响应以及进化对生态系统结构和功能的影响.首先,从三个营养级的营养级联系统入手,分别应用数量性状理论和适应动力学理论,建立并分析两种不同形式的进化模型.首先建立快速进化模型,旨在研究中间消费者体态大小性状的快速进化,以及密度制约的间接效应对种群动力学行为和性状动力学行为的影响.其次建立消费者性状的长期进化模型,旨在研究长期进化以及性状制约的间接效应对种群生态以及进化行为的影响.分析结果表明,间接效应会促使中间消费者体型进化得更小,而且中间消费者体型大小的进化会使得消费者避免进化灭绝.另外,密度制约和性状制约的间接效应会产生不同的进化响应结果.其次,依据生态化学计量学和适应动力学理论,建立了关于营养级联系统的生态动力学模型和进化动力学模型,分别给出了消费者受食物数量和质量限制条件下的进化动态分析,得出了关于种群进化的收敛稳定性、连续稳定性、进化分支点的阈值定理.结果表明系统总磷以及消费者体内营养浓度对生态系统和进化系统的动力学行为都会产生重要的影响.特别当食物质量不好时,总磷浓度的增加会导致消费者进化灭绝.再次,在共位群内捕食系统的生态模型的基础上,根据适应动力学理论分别建立关于中间捕食者和顶层捕食者觅食性状的进化模型,其中考虑了中间捕食者与底层食饵和顶层捕食者之间的捕食与反捕食关系的权衡函数.应用临界函数分析法,物种的进化动态可以由权衡函数的性质来刻画.通过进化动力学分析得到了丰富的进化动力学行为,并得到顶层捕食者和中间捕食者的进化多样性产生的条件.最后,总结了本文的工作.提出下一步的研究方向以及本文所参考的主要文献.
[Abstract]:In the study of species evolution. The evolutionary response of predator-prey system of two populations is more frequently studied. However, there are few theoretical studies on the evolutionary response of three populations and more complex ecosystems. Therefore, the nutritional cascade system of three species is used in this paper. Is based on the predation system in the copositional group. The evolutionary models are established from the perspective of rapid evolution and long-term evolution respectively. The evolutionary response of ecosystem and the influence of evolution on ecosystem structure and function are systematically studied. Starting with three nutrition cascade systems, two different evolutionary models were established and analyzed by applying quantitative trait theory and adaptive dynamics theory respectively. First, rapid evolution model was established. The purpose of this study is to study the rapid evolution of body size traits of intermediate consumers and the influence of indirect effects of density constraints on population dynamics behavior and trait dynamics behavior. Secondly, a long-term evolutionary model of consumer traits is established. The purpose of this study is to study the effects of long-term evolution and trait restriction on population ecology and evolutionary behavior. The results show that indirect effects can lead to a smaller evolution of intermediate consumers' somatotypes. In addition, the indirect effects of density constraints and trait constraints will produce different evolutionary response results. Based on the theory of ecochemometrics and adaptation dynamics, the ecological dynamics model and evolutionary dynamics model of nutrition cascade system were established. The evolutionary dynamic analysis of consumers under the restriction of quantity and quality of food is given, and the convergence stability and continuous stability of population evolution are obtained. The results show that both the total phosphorus of the system and the concentration of nutrients in the consumer have an important effect on the dynamic behavior of the ecosystem and the evolutionary system, especially when the food quality is not good. The increase of total phosphorus concentration will lead to consumer evolution and extinction. Thirdly, based on the ecological model of the predation system in the co-location group. According to the adaptive dynamics theory, the evolutionary models of the foraging characteristics of the intermediate predator and the top predator were established respectively. The tradeoff function of the predator-anti-predator relationship between the intermediate predator and the bottom predator and the top predator is considered, and the critical function analysis method is applied. The evolutionary dynamics of species can be described by the properties of the trade-off function. Finally, the paper summarizes the work of this paper, and puts forward the research direction of the next step and the main references in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O175

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