四川盆地南缘地形梯度带区域岩溶水系统研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 20:50

本文关键词： 地形梯度带岩溶发育统计岩溶水文地质结构岩溶含水系统岩溶水流动系统岩溶水系统循环模式岩溶水环境　出处：《成都理工大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着近年来中国西部大开发、一带一路等战略的开展,人们对生存环境、空间和能源资源等需求量与日俱增。人类建设活动是社会生产与发展的必要行为,在遍及地表空间的同时也逐渐将目光转向了地质条件更为复杂的西部地区,而岩溶便是中国西南地区复杂地质环境的主要表现之一。川南盆地地形梯度带位于四川盆地与云贵高原之间的过渡区域,北侧受长江河谷的切割,地形缓而低,向南地势逐渐抬升,直到云贵高原面附近时,彻底完成地形梯度的“上台阶”过程。区域碳酸盐岩分布面积广,岩溶水资源丰富。近几十年,该区成为了重要的开发对象,交通地下工程、页岩气与矿山开采以及岩溶水资源开发利用等建设发展愈加频繁。人类活动的开展与岩溶水系统环境密切相关,岩溶水系统的研究对于人类活动具有重要的科学指导意义。论文以对近十年来在川南地形梯度带内承担的地方铁路、高速公路、水利工程、矿山地质环境等研究课题为基础,结合区域水文地质信息提取,运用水文地质调查、地质统计方法、同位素技术、地球化学反演模拟、三维数值模拟技术等手段,从区域地下水系统理论的角度,综合分析了区域岩溶水系统,取得了以下主要成果和结论:(1)基于四川盆地南缘与云贵高原之间斜坡地带地形梯度大、可溶岩广泛分布等特点,利用1:5万和1:20万精度区域地质资料,统计了区内T1j+T2l、P1y、D3+D2q、O2+O1和?2-3ls五套可溶岩地层的3494个岩溶类型,通过数量密度、形态规模、发育地层、发育部位和方向等要素总结了岩溶发育特征与分布规律,探寻了这一独特的地形梯度带岩溶发育的规律。(2)该区属扬子准地台四川台坳川东陷褶束的赤水凹褶束和上扬子台坳川东南陷褶束的筠连凹褶束以及滇东台褶带的滇东北台褶束三大构造单元结合带,构造体系复杂多变。根据构造地质条件、岩性条件与边界条件,结合构造形迹将区域分为NE向构造地质单元、EW向构造地质单元、SN-EW向复合构造地质单元、NE-NNE构造地质单元和NE-旋扭型构造地质单元5个地质单元区。(3)通过区域资料统计分析,从岩溶发育强度和分布高程等方面对岩溶规律进行总结:岩溶发育程度分为强、中等和弱3个区,岩溶强发育地层为P1y和T1j+T2l,岩溶中等发育地层为D3+D2q和O1+O2,岩溶弱发育地层为?2-3ls;岩溶的分布高程具有明显的阶梯分带性,在高程1950~2200m、1500~1800m、1000~1300m、700~900m和300~600m五个阶段范围内分布了93.3%的岩溶类型,按此高程分带将区域岩溶划分为5个岩溶梯度带。(4)区内5个碳酸盐岩层组T1j+T2l、P1y、D3+D2q、O2+O1mb和O1t+h与?2-3ls跟据岩性纯度与层厚可以划分为纯层型、夹层型和互层型3种类型,结合岩溶现象总结出的岩溶发育强度、产状控制因素和构造条件,将碳酸盐岩含水层组结构划分为单斜型、背斜型、向斜型与断裂型4大类,共38个岩溶水文地质结构。同时,在5个地质单元内对每类岩溶水文地质结构进行空间区划。(5)区内两类岩溶水按照赋存介质空间的不同可分为管道型和裂隙型,根据介质形态的组合特征,将介质结构分为纯层管道-裂隙型、夹层管道-裂隙型、纯层裂隙型、夹层或互层裂隙型和裂隙-孔隙型5个小类。介质类型决定岩溶含水结构的富水性,结合构造地质条件,区内岩溶富水结构以褶曲型和断裂型为主,同时还包括单斜型、河谷泄流型和岩性接触带型共5种类型。(6)区内地表水系发达,按照河流边界与分水岭将区域划分了关河(I-1)、南广河(I-2)、长宁河(I-3)、永宁河(I-4)与赤水河(I-5)5个一级水文地质单元,每个单元均为区域系统,控制着地下水的径流与排泄。同时,按照岩溶水排泄系统将区域水系统划分为岩溶大泉系统和地下河系统,其中,地下河系统中的伏流-暗河管道系统在区内显著发育,并且,跟据其流动特征可以分为单阶梯状和多阶梯状两种形式。(7)区内地下河除单管道状以外还发育多枝状形态,从而具有多源同汇岩溶水系统的流动特征,更反映了地下河系的复杂程度。鉴于此,为了能够明确识别地下河系统的流动过程,选取筠连巡司小鱼洞和凉风洞地下河系统以及地下深循环热泉系统进行水文地球化学路径模拟,从而判断各深层岩溶水流动系统之间的相关性。此外,还辅以同位素高程效应对岩溶水流动速率进行了定性分析。(8)根据岩溶水系统分类标准,将区域岩溶水系统划分为2~4级,其中,按照最低标准划分,区内共发育1235个岩溶水系统。另外,通过对单一纯层型、纯层型+上覆非碳酸盐岩层、纯层型+下伏非碳酸盐岩层、纯层型+侧向分布非碳酸盐岩层和夹层型或互层型间互状5类含水结构的水动力循环分带特征进行研究,结合区域水动力条件,将岩溶水系统循环分为单斜型、背斜型、向斜型、断裂带型和埋藏型5种模式。同时,按照不同的循环模式将区域岩溶水系统进行了水文地质分区。(9)对川南地区的人类活动与岩溶水系统环境相互作用进行研究,以交通隧洞工程为实例,运用数值模拟方法演化作用影响过程,为今后人类工程活动提供详实可靠的地质依据,同时也为保护区内岩溶水资源的天然特性以及合理开发利用提供参考价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Chinese western development, The Belt and Road strategic development, people's living environment, space and energy resources demand. It is necessary to grow with each passing day of human construction activities of production and development of the society, throughout surface space also gradually turned their attention to more complex geological conditions in the western region. Karst is one of the main performance of complex geological environment in Southwest China. Chinese South Sichuan basin terrain gradient zone is located in the transition zone between the Sichuan basin and the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, north of Yangtze River Valley by cutting, slow and low terrain, the terrain gradually southward until the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau uplift, near surface, complete terrain gradient on the stage "process. Regional carbonate distribution area, abundant karst water resources. In recent decades, the area has become an important object of the development of traffic, underground engineering, shale gas and mining And karst water resources development and utilization of the construction and development of more frequent human activities. To carry out the karst water system and environment is closely related to the study of karst water system has important scientific guidance for human activities. The thesis takes nearly ten years in the south of Sichuan terrain gradient zone assumed within the local railway, highway, water conservancy project, mine geological environment research as the foundation, combined with the regional hydrogeological information extraction, the use of hydrological geological survey, geological statistics, isotope geochemical inversion technology, simulation, 3D numerical simulation technology in theory, from the perspective of regional groundwater system, a comprehensive analysis of the regional karst water system, the following main results and conclusions: (1) based on the topographic gradient between the southern slope zone and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau in Sichuan basin, the characteristics of karst are widely distributed, the use of 1:5 Vanward 1:20 million area precision Geological data, statistics in the area of T1j+T2l, P1y, D3+D2q, O2+O1 and 2-3ls? Five sets of soluble stratum 3494 karst type, by the number density, shape and scale of development, formation, development area and direction of summed up the characteristics and distribution of karst development, explores the unique terrain gradient zone of karst the law. (2) in the northeast of Yunnan Taiwan fold bundle three tectonic units of Junlian belonged to the concave fold bundle the Yangtze paraplatform Sichuan Taiwan depression depression in East Sichuan fold bundle Chishui concave fold bundle and the upper Yangtze Syneclise in Southeast Sichuan and Yunnan fold bundle Dongtai fold belt, combined with tectonic system constructed according to the complex. The geological conditions, rock conditions and boundary conditions, combined with the structural features of the regional tectonic unit is divided into NE to EW, to the tectonic unit, SN-EW composite tectonic unit, NE-NNE tectonic unit and the NE- knob type tectonic unit 5 geological unit. (3) through regional statistical analysis, summarizes the rules from the karst karst development intensity and distribution of elevation: karst development degree is divided into strong, moderate and weak 3 areas, karst formation of P1y and T1j+T2l, karst middle strata were D3+D2q and O1+O2, karst weak strata for 2-3ls? Karst; distribution of elevation has obvious ladder zonation, on the elevation of 1950~2200m, 1500~1800m, 1000~1300m, 700~900m and 300~600m five stages within the scope of the distribution of karst type 93.3%, according to the altitude zone will be divided into 5 Regional Karst karst gradient zone. (4) in the region of 5 carbonate rock group T1j+T2l P1y, D3+D2q, O2+O1mb, and O1t+h and 2-3ls? According to lithology and layer thickness, the purity can be divided into pure layer type, sandwich type and cross layer of 3 types, the intensity of karst development combined with karst phenomenon summed up the attitude control factors and structural condition, carbonate Divided into monoclinic, aquifer structure anticline, syncline type and fracture type 4 categories, a total of 38 karst hydrogeological structure. At the same time, the space division of the geological structure of each type of karst hydro geological unit in 5. (5) in the region of two kinds of karst water in accordance with the occurrence of different media space divided into pipe type and fracture type, according to the characteristics of media combination form, the structure is divided into pure dielectric layer pipeline fracture type, fracture type sandwich pipe, pure layer fracture type, interlayer or interbedded fissure type and fracture pore type 5 kinds. The medium type water rich karst of decision structure, combined with structural geology condition, karst water rich structure to fold type and fracture type, also including monoclinic, valley relief pattern and lithological contact zone type 5 types. (6) in the area of surface water system is developed, according to the river boundary and watershed divides the areas off the river (I-1), Nanning The river (I-2), Changning River (I-3), Yongning River (I-4) and Chishui River (I-5) 5 one hydrogeological unit, each unit for the regional system, control the runoff and discharge of groundwater. At the same time, the division of the regional water system for karst spring system and underground river system, including according to the karst water drainage system of underground river system in underground and underground river system in the region was developed, and according to the flow characteristics can be divided into single step and multi step two forms. (7) in the area of underground river except single shape growth also branched form, which has multiple with the exchange flow characteristics of karst water system, but also reflects the complexity of underground rivers. In view of this, in order to be able to clearly identify the flow process of the underground river system, selecting Junlian patrol division Xiaoyudong and Liangfeng cave underground river system and the underground hot springs deep circulation system hydrogeochemical path mode In order to determine the correlation between the quasi deep karst water flow system. In addition, also with isotope elevation effect on karst water flow rate were analyzed. (8) according to the classification standard of karst water system, the regional karst water system is divided into grade 2~4, which divided according to the low standard, area development 1235 a karst water system. In addition, based on the single layer, overlying non pure carbonate rock layer + + Fufei layer type, pure carbonate rocks, hydrodynamic circulation layer and lateral distribution of non pure carbonate rocks and interbeds of sandwich type or type 5 class water interbedded structure zoning characteristics the research, combined with the regional hydrodynamic conditions, the karst water circulation system is divided into monoclinic, anticline, syncline type, fault type and buried 5 modes. At the same time, according to the different circulation patterns of karst water system regional hydrogeological zoning (9) of Sichuan. Human activities in the south area of karst water system and environment interaction research in traffic tunnel project as an example, using numerical simulation method, the evolution effect process, to provide geological basis for the detailed and reliable future human engineering activities, but also provide reference value for the natural characteristics of karst water resource protection zone and the rational exploitation and utilization.

【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P641.134

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