辽西地质走廊带岩石物性特征及其地质意义

发布时间：2018-02-16 10:09

本文关键词： 辽西地区地质走廊带岩石物性岩石分类岩石地球化学元素统计学分析　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：岩石物性作为岩石重要的物理学参数,它与岩石地球化学元素一样,可以用来判断岩石性质、解决岩石来源和岩石成因等地质问题。相比于岩石地球化学元素,岩石物性更直观且容易理解。然而,地质学家更倾向于应用地球化学元素来解决地质问题,在地球物理学研究中,地球物理学家则注重于将岩石物性作为地球物理数据反演解释的约束条件。目前,岩石物性很少被应用于研究岩石来源和岩石成因,本文侧重于利用岩石物性与地球化学元素相关特征来判断岩石性质、解决岩石成因等地质问题。物性参数是岩石的物理属性,而岩石地球化学元素是岩石的化学属性,本文将这两种参数有机的结合起来去解决岩石成因和地质构造演化等地质问题,具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。岩石物性是将地质学、地球物理学及地球化学三门重要的地球科学分支结合起来的关键。利用岩石物性参数相关特征进行岩石的岩相学研究,不同类型的岩石对应着不同的物性参数,岩石物性参数发生剧烈变化的位置通常对应主要的岩石界线和地质构造变化的位置。岩石物性参数的研究极大的丰富了地质信息,增加地质研究的深度与精度。将各类岩石物性与岩相学相结合建立理论经验公式,利用岩石物性参数去判别岩石类型,使地球物理方法在地质问题解决中得到广泛的应用。岩石地球化学元素是研究岩石成因和构造演化的重要手段,但这种研究手段既耗资又耗时。为了解决这一问题,本文试图利用岩石物性与岩石地球化学元素的相关特征信息,快速且高效地解决岩石成因和地质构造等地质问题。岩石基础属性之间统计学关系的研究,必须建立在大量岩石样本研究的基础之上,这样研究得到的结论将具有更加普遍的科学意义。在实验室条件下,我们获得了大量岩石物性和岩石地球化学元素数据,并且根据岩石手标本以及镜下岩石薄片的观测结果来确定岩石标本的岩石类型。最后,我们以数理统计学原理为基础,建立各类岩石物性参数与岩石地球化学元素含量的相关关系,并以此研究和解决岩石成因和区域构造演化历史等相关地质问题。岩石物性的研究是解译深部地球岩石分布和地质构造特征的重要手段,以各个时期地层的岩石为标本,将在实验室测量的岩石物性和地球化学元素建立具有统计学意义的相关特征,可以形成一个岩相学、岩石物理学与岩石地球化学之间的地球科学体系。目前,岩石物性在地球物理勘探和地质勘探中的应用较少,地球物理学家仅仅是将岩石物性作为地球物理勘探的约束参数,而不是作为独立研究手段去解决地球科学问题。关于岩石物性参数与岩石地球化学元素相关特征的信息研究也很少,通过近期的一些研究发现这种相关特征可以解决一些较难解决的地质问题,尤其是深部地质构造和岩石分布特征等重要的地质问题。辽宁省葫芦岛兴城及其邻区作为此次研究的选区,以“深部探测关键仪器装备野外实验与示范”项目所选取的地质走廊带及其周边地区作为重点研究区域,该区域地质构造格架清楚、科学意义明确、具有代表性。目的层岩性、埋深、物性、热状态及地球物理界面清晰,基本上涵盖了各个时期地层序列,具有良好的地球科学代表性意义,可以用来讨论各个时期岩石成因、沉积环境变化、构造演化历史等地质问题。根据辽西地质走廊带岩石标本的物性参数和地球化学成分变化特征,得出该研究区域岩石物性和地球化学元素相关特征信息,为基础地质科学方面的研究提供对比和验证标准,解释并建立该地区的地球科学基础性模型。在辽西地质走廊带采集具有典型特征的岩石标本1400多块,作为此次研究基础,对岩石标本进行手标本和镜下薄片鉴定来划分岩石标本类型,作为物性研究的岩相学基础。由于变质岩岩石标本数量有限,很难进行统计学方面的研究,因此研究区域主要研究目标为火成岩和沉积岩这两大类型。对岩石样本进行密度、磁化率、电阻率、弹性波速等物性参数测量,得到相应的物性参数。进行岩石物性统计学研究,绘制岩石物性频率分布直方图,并且讨论各类岩石的物性参数特征,以及其对应的地质构造背景和岩石成因特征。深部探测09-06“深部探测关键仪器装备野外实验与示范”项目,在辽西地质走廊带进行多种地球物理方法勘探,其中包括了地震剖面勘探、大地电磁剖面测深勘探、重、磁剖面勘探、遥感解译和航磁勘探,完成了近100km的综合地质和地球物理剖面实验研究。将岩石物性统计学研究结果应用于多种地质-地球物理综合解释中,使地球物理数据的反演、解释结果更加准确,更符合真实地质情况。绘制辽西地质走廊带及其周围地区岩石物性平面分布图,与地质填图结果进行对比分析。岩石物性发生明显变化的位置对应着发生地质构造运动的主要位置,也对应着岩石类型发生变化的位置,是对地质填图的有效补充,更有效的解决地质构造、岩相带划分等地质问题。挑选其中398块岩石进行地球化学成分测量,绘制岩石物性与岩石地球化学元素散点分布图,找出岩石物性与岩石地球化学元素的相关特征关系,利用这种相关特征关系去解决辽西地质走廊带深成岩岩浆来源、岩石成因和构造演化历史等地质问题;同时,将相关特征关系应用到解决沉积岩的沉积环境变化和古气候变化等地质问题中。利用这种相关特征关系得出的结论与前人研究结果一致,说明利用岩石物性与岩石地球化学元素相关特征方法解决地质问题的有效性和准确性。辽西地质走廊带岩石物性和地球化学元素参数测量,不仅为该研究区域提供基本岩石数据,而且在统计学分析意义上,岩石物性与地球化学元素相关特征的研究,在解决岩石成因和构造演化等地质问题上具有普遍的地球科学意义,为未来地质问题的解决提供了新的思路和研究方向。
[Abstract]:The petrophysical parameters of rock physics as important, it is the same as the rock geochemical elements, can be used to determine the properties of rock, rock source and petrogenesis of geological problems. Compared to the rock geochemistry, rock property is more intuitive and easy to understand. However, geologists prefer geochemical elements to solve the geological problems in the study, the physics of the earth, the earth will physicist focuses on petrophysical interpretation of geophysical data as constraint inversion. At present, rock property is rarely applied in the study of source rock and rock formation, this paper focuses on the use of petrophysical and geochemical characteristics of elements related to judge the nature of rock, rock formation the geological problems. The physical parameters of physical property of rock, and rock geochemical elements is the chemical nature of the rocks, the two parameters Combine to solve the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the geological problems, has important theoretical significance and practical value. Petrophysics is the key of geology, geophysics and geochemistry of the three important branches of earth sciences together. Petrographic study of rock using petrophysical parameters related features different types of rocks correspond to different physical parameters, petrophysical parameters change position usually corresponds to rock boundaries and tectonic position. The main changes of the petrophysical parameters of enriched geological information, increase the depth and precision of geological research. The theory will establish experience formula of all kinds of rock properties with the combination of petrography, rock types used to determine petrophysical parameters, the geophysical method has been widely used in geological problems in the rock. Elemental geochemistry is an important means to study rock genesis and tectonic evolution, but this research method is time-consuming and costly. In order to solve this problem, this paper attempts to use the feature information of rock properties and the rock geochemical elements, quickly and efficiently solve the rock and geological structure due to geological problems. Study on the statistical relationship between properties of the rock foundation, must be established on the basis of a large number of rock samples studied, so the conclusions of the study will have a more general significance. Under laboratory conditions, we get a lot of petrophysical and geochemical data, and according to rock hand specimens and rock slice observation to determine the rock specimens of rock types. Finally, we based on the mathematical statistics principle, the establishment of various kinds of petrophysical parameters and rock geochemical element content Correlation between the quantity, and to study and solve the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution history and other related geological problems. Research on rock properties is an important means of interpretation of deep earth rocks and tectonic characteristics, the formation of rock specimens for each period, will establish relevant features with statistical significance in laboratory measurement the petrophysical and geochemical elements, can form a petrography, rock physics and geochemistry of the earth system science. At present, the application of less rock properties in geophysical prospecting and geological prospecting, geophysicists will only be petrophysical parameters as constraints of geophysical exploration, and not as independent research means to solve problems in earth science. Little information on petrophysical parameters and geochemical characteristics related to, through the recent Some studies have found that this feature can solve some difficult to solve geological problems, especially the important geological problems of the deep geological structure and rock distribution. In Liaoning Province, Huludao of Xingcheng and its adjacent regions as the research district, geological corridor to deep exploration key equipment field experiment and demonstration project selection zone and its surrounding area as the research area, the regional geological structure clear, scientific meaning is clear and representative. Reservoir depth, lithology, physical property, thermal state and geophysical clear interface, basically covering all period stratigraphic sequence has good earth science representative significance, can be used to discuss each period of petrogenesis, changes of sedimentary environment, tectonic evolution history of geological problems. According to the geological corridor specimens of rock physical parameters and chemical composition of the earth Change characteristics, draw relevant characteristic information of the study area petrophysical and geochemical elements, provides the comparison and verification of standard on the basis of geological science, and establish the area of the earth science foundation model. With the rock samples collected more than 1400 pieces of typical geological corridor in western Liaoning, as a basis for the study of the rock samples were hand specimens and thin sections to divide the types of rock specimens, as the basic research of petrography. Because of metamorphic rock specimen quantity is limited, difficult to research statistics, so the main research target for the study area of igneous and sedimentary rocks of these two types. The density of rock. The sample magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, elastic wave velocity and other parameters measurement, get the corresponding physical parameters. The rock material research statistics, drawing distribution frequency of rock The histogram, and discusses the characteristics of the physical parameters of various kinds of rocks, and the corresponding geological background and rock genesis. Deep exploration 09-06 "deep exploration key equipment of field experiment and demonstration project, in the corridor of the geological exploration of multiple geophysical methods, including seismic exploration, magnetotelluric profiles exploration, heavy, magnetic profile exploration, remote sensing interpretation and aeromagnetic survey, nearly 100km of the comprehensive geological and geophysical profile experiments done. The petrophysical study results were applied to a variety of geological geophysical interpretation, the inversion of geophysical data, interpretation of the results is more accurate, more realistic the drawing of geological conditions. Geological corridor and its surrounding area petrophysical plane distribution map, comparative analysis and geological mapping results. Petrophysical happened significant change The position corresponds to the main position of geological tectonic movement, but also corresponding rock types change position, is the effective supplement to the geological mapping, geological structure solved more effectively, lithofacies division of geological problems. Among them 398 were divided into rock geochemical survey, drawing petrophysical and rock geochemistry element scatter distribution, relationship between petrophysical and find out the characteristics of geochemical and geological corridor to solve the plutonic magma source using the related features, petrogenesis and tectonic evolution history of geological problems; at the same time, the characteristic relation is applied to solve the sedimentary rock changes of sedimentary environment and climate change the geological problems. Using the relationship between the characteristics of the relevant conclusions consistent with the results of previous studies, using petrophysical and rock geochemical elements Relevant features to solve the geological problems. The accuracy and effectiveness of the geological corridor petrophysical and geochemical element parameter measurement, not only provides the basic data for the rock in the study area, but also in the statistical analysis of significance, research related characteristics of petrophysical and geochemical elements, has the universal significance in solving the Earth Science petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the geological problems, provides new ideas and research directions for the future to solve the geological problems.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P584;P631

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