精神因果与功能化的还原模型—金在权心灵哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 09:04

  本文关键词： 随附性 精神因果 功能还原模型 排他性论证 说明裂缝 物理主义　出处：《华中科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“接近充足的物理主义”是否真的足够充足?这是本文所要讨论的问题。接近充足的物理主义是对金在权心灵哲学思想最准确的表达,我们可以从两个方面来理解它：首先,金在权是一个物理主义者,所以他的基本立场是,世界的内容全部都是物理的,物质存在是所有的存在,除了物质存在,(本体上)再无其它存在。其次,“接近充足的”就意味着是不完全的,金在权的意思是,在这个世界中,存在着物理主义无法还原的东西。但是,金在权认为,那些不能被还原的东西并不会威胁到物理主义,我们仍然可以一贯的坚持物理主义,并且物理主义在指导我们的认识和实践活动上,不会有任何不足。本文研究金在权心灵哲学思想的整体。从整体上说,我们把他的思想分为两个阶段：早期思想和定型时期思想。在早期他主要关注的随附性概念,包括对随附性概念的定义、性质研究和一些问题的澄清。“随附性”是一个比较新的概念,上世纪末才进入心灵哲学家的视野中,在上世纪的最后二十年,随附性概念得到了非常充分的讨论。在这些讨论中,金在权的成果是比较显眼的。到了定型时期,金在权关注的主要问题发生了转变,变成了精神因果和还原论,这是我们将他的思想分为两个时期的原因之一。精神因果和还原论的关系可以被理解为,精神因果是金在权关注的主要问题,还原论是他对问题的回答。精神因果的问题可以被总结为：精神因果何以可能?金在权的回答可以被归结为：把精神因果还原为物理因果,二者是同一的。我们将他的思想分为两个时期的另一个原因是,关于精神因果的本质,他的看法发生了明显的转变。他早期也讨论过精神因果,只是精神因果问题在他早期研究中处于比较边缘的位置。这种转变表现在两个方面：一方面他早期认为精神因果是随附因果,定型时期则认为精神因果可被还原,这是观点上的转变；另一方面,他定型时期批评了自己在早期的观点,这是态度上的转变。至于说这个分期的界限,我们认为从时间上说是1990年左右。因为这种转变是逐渐发生的,所以只可能给出一个大致的时间范围。更重要的区分是从思想主张上的,以排他性论证的完成为标志,最迟可以推到《非还原物理主义关于精神因果的困境》(1993年)。本文共五章(绪论不算),第一章主要介绍他早期的思想,即随附性。第二到四章主要介绍他定型时期的思想,其中第二章以排他性论证为主,第三、四章介绍他为功能还原模型辩护的过程。第五章是我们对他的反思,回答“是否足够充足的问题”,我们的观点是：形式上是足够充足的,但是实际上还不够。
[Abstract]:Is "near sufficient physicalism" really sufficient? This is the problem discussed in this paper. Close to sufficient physicalism is the most accurate expression of Jin Zaiquan's philosophy of mind and mind. We can understand it from two aspects: first, Jin Zaiquan is a physicalist. So his basic position is that the content of the world is all physical, the physical being is all existence, and there is no other being except the physical existence. Secondly, "close to adequacy" means that it is incomplete. Jin Zaiquan means that in this world there is something that physicalism cannot restore. However, Kim believes that those things that cannot be restored do not threaten physicalism, and that we can still stick to physicalism all the time. And there will be no shortage of physicalism in guiding our understanding and practical activities. This paper studies the whole of Jin Zaiquan's philosophy of mind. On the whole, We divide his thoughts into two stages: early thought and stereotyped thought. In the early days, his main concern was the concept of subsidiarity, including the definition of the concept of subsidiarity. Nature studies and clarification of some questions. "attachment" is a relatively new concept that entered the field of mind philosophers at the end of 0th century, in the last two decades of 0th century, The concept of subsidiarity was fully discussed. In these discussions, the results of Jin Zin-kuan were quite conspicuous. In the formative period, the main issues of concern to Jin Zaiquan were transformed into spiritual causality and reductionism. This is one of the reasons why we divide his thoughts into two periods. The relationship between spiritual causality and reductionism can be understood to mean that spiritual causality is the main concern of Jin Zaiquan. Reductionism is his answer to the question. The question of spiritual causality can be summed up as: how can spiritual causation be possible? Jin Zaiquan's answer can be summed up as: the spiritual causality is reduced to physical causality, and the two are the same. Another reason why we divide his thought into two periods is that about the nature of spiritual causality. There's been a clear shift in his view. He talked about mental causes and consequences earlier, This change is manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, he thought that spiritual causation was accompanied by causality, while in the stereotypical period he thought that spiritual causation could be reduced. This was a change of opinion; on the other hand, he criticized his early views during the formative period, which was a change in attitude. We think it is about 1990 in time. Because this change is taking place gradually, it is only possible to give a general time frame. The more important distinction is from the ideological point of view, marked by the completion of exclusive argument. "the dilemma of non-reductive physicalism on spiritual causality" (1993). This paper consists of five chapters (introduction, chapter one mainly introduces his early thoughts, that is, attachment, and chapters two to four mainly introduce his thoughts during the formative period. The second chapter is mainly exclusive argument, the third, fourth chapter introduces his defense process for the functional reduction model. Chapter 5th is our reflection on him, answering the question of "is sufficient enough", our view is: formally sufficient enough, But it's not really enough.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：N02
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本文编号：1546656