吉林省洮儿河扇形地地下水库人工调蓄理论与技术

发布时间：2018-03-08 00:28

本文选题：地下水库　切入点：河道渗漏量　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国社会经济的快速发展,各行各业的用水需求急剧增加,水资源的供需矛盾日益凸显。相对于地表水库,建设地下水库具备无可比拟的优势,逐渐成为调蓄水资源多年平衡的一种良好选择方案。洮儿河扇形地位于吉林省西北部的白城市,由于开发洮儿河灌区,地下水开采量激增,造成地下水位大幅下降。合理利用雨洪水,建设洮儿河扇形地地下水库,对区域水环境保护有着重要意义,也符合白城市建设国家级“海绵城市”的需求。本文将首先从地下水库概念、地下水库工程建设、地下水库人工补给技术和地下水库调蓄方案四个方面回顾地下水库相关知识背景,追踪了解国内外的最新研究进展。然后讲述地下水库的基本理论与调蓄原理,由此展开,分别详尽分析在洮儿河扇形地地区修建地下水库的空间条件、水源条件和生态条件,充分论证研究区建库的可行性。最后,本文选择适合研究区的人工补给技术,并设计相应的人工调蓄方案。为研究区地下水库的实际修建提供了理论依据,为其管理运行提供了科学指导,具有积极的参考价值。本文主要研究成果如下:(1)继承多位专家学者的思想精要,提出了地下水库的基本定义,即“具备大型的天然储水空间,以积极的人工干预为主要调蓄措施,得以实现区域水资源多年平衡的地下水利工程”。(2)在充分调查研究区地质和水文地质特征的基础上,圈定了研究区拟建地下水库的库区范围。通过改进的分区分层计算法,采取空间剖分和空间叠加等手段,计算得到特征库容。充分考虑计算过程中给水度的不确定性,以蒙特卡洛方法为依托,借助Crystal Ball软件,评价库区的不确定性库容。结果表明洮儿河扇形地地下水库属于大(1)型地下水库。研究区拥有巨大的储水空间和调蓄空间,且满足岩层渗透性强、内部连通性优、外部封闭性好等要求,具备建立地下水库的空间条件。(3)地下水均衡分析的结果表明:研究区多年平均总补给量达到了6.07×108m3/a,其中最主要的两大补给来源分别是降水和河道渗漏。运用小波分析、MK检验和神经网络方法分析降水量特征,表明历史降水量丰枯交替较快,没有出现明显下降趋势或骤然大幅下降的突变情形,序列总体非常平稳;运用回归分析研究河道渗漏量,建立洮南站出水量和河道渗漏率的分段函数关系。方程表明不论丰枯水年,研究区都有可观的河道渗漏量。综上所述,研究区降水量和河道渗漏量数量充足,且补给稳定,完全可以满足地下水库补给水量的要求。(4)由于传统的水质评价方法是把数据筛选和数据评价按先后步骤割裂进行,评价结果有很大的不确定性。本文以遗传算法、粒子群算法和支持向量机理论为基础,建立了全新的GA-(PSO-SVM)水质分类模型。该模型将分类结果反馈,以此自动更新选择分类因子,并优化分类结果,循环进化。最终从18个实测因子中自动选定氨氮、粪大肠菌群等10个分类因子。对应的分类结果显示:实测水质样本中有87%达到III类及以上水质,不存在V类水质,质量达标,符合建立地下水库的水源条件。(5)从经济、高效的角度出发,本文选取了四种地下水库人工补给方式,分别为渗水坑、拦河闸、反滤回灌井和渗水渠道。建立了它们各自的补给模型,在此基础上,与不同开采强度、丰枯背景等组合,设计出六套洮儿河扇形地地下水库调蓄方案。通过对各个方案的模拟与对比分析,表明人工补给是地下水库的有效辅助机制。其中,本文设计的人工补给结合节水技术的第六套调蓄方案,达成了地表水和地下水的联合调度,较好地实现了以丰补欠,多年均衡调节的目的。符合研究区可持续发展的要求,适宜于推广实施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, the rapid increase in demand for water from all walks of life, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is increasingly prominent. Compared with the surface reservoir, underground reservoir construction has gradually become There is nothing comparable to this advantage, a good choice of storage scheme of water resources for many years. The balance of the Taoer River is located in the northwest of Jilin province Baicheng City, due to the development of Taoerhe River irrigation area, groundwater exploitation in groundwater caused by sharp decline. The rational use of rain flood, underground reservoir construction in Taoer River, has an important significance for regional water environmental protection, also in line with the Baicheng city building national "sponge city needs. This will be the first from the ground the concept of reservoir, underground reservoir construction, underground reservoir technology and artificial recharge of underground reservior in four aspects: underground reservoir related background knowledge, understand the track The latest research progress at home and abroad. And the regulation principle, basic theory and then talk about the underground reservoir began, respectively, a detailed analysis of space conditions for construction of underground reservoir in Taoer River area, water conditions and ecological conditions, fully demonstrated the feasibility of building a database. The most after the artificial recharge technology suitable for the study area design, and artificial regulation schemes. Provide a theoretical basis for the actual construction of underground reservoir in the study area, to provide scientific guidance for the management and operation, has a positive reference value. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the inheritance of a number of experts and scholars thought essence, puts forward the basic definition of the underground reservoir, i.e. "with the natural water storage space is large, with a positive artificial intervention is the main regulation measures of underground water conservancy project" to realize the balance of regional water resources for many years. (2) in the full investigation and Research Based on geological and hydrogeological features on the delineation of groundwater reservoir. The reservoir area through the improved hierarchical partition method, take the space partition and space superposition method, the calculated capacity. Considering the characteristics of water supply of the uncertainty in the calculation process by Monte Carlo method based on the Crystal Ball software, the reservoir storage capacity evaluation uncertainty. The results show that the underground reservoir in Taoer River belongs to the large (1) type of underground reservoir. Study area has a water storage space and huge storage space, and satisfy the rock permeability, internal and external connectivity, good sealing requirements, with conditions for the establishment of space underground reservoir. (3) the groundwater balance analysis results show that: the study area average total recharge reached 6.07 * 108m3/a, of which two are the most important source of precipitation and river leakage. Using wavelet analysis, analysis on characteristic of precipitation test and MK neural network method, show that the historical precipitation Fengku turn faster, no mutation significantly decreased or plunged, the whole sequence is very stable; using regression analysis of river leakage, establish the subsectional relationship between water quantity and the river leakage rate of TaoNan Railway Station. The equation shows that regardless of Feng dry years, study area has a considerable amount of river leakage. To sum up, the number of precipitation and river leakage research area and supply adequate, stable, and can fully meet the requirements of the underground reservoir water supply. (4) due to the water quality evaluation of the traditional method is to evaluate the data filtering and data according to the steps from the evaluation results, there is great uncertainty. In this paper, genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm and support vector machine theory, established a new GA- (PSO-SVM) water quality Model. The model classification results feedback, to automatically update the classification factor, and optimize the classification results from the 18 cycle evolution. Finally measured factor automatically selected ammonia nitrogen, fecal coliform and other 10 classification factors. Corresponding to the classification result shows that the measured water samples have reached 87% and above water quality class III there is no V, water quality, quality standards, in line with the establishment of underground reservoir water conditions. (5) from the economic perspective of efficiency, this paper selects four kinds of artificial recharge of groundwater reservoir, respectively soakaways, sluice, recharge well with filter and seepage channels. Set up their supplies on the basis of this model, and different exploitation intensity, Fengku background combination, designed six sets of underground reservoir in Taoer River regulation. Through simulation and comparative analysis of different schemes, that artificial recharge is an effective auxiliary underground reservoir The design of the mechanism. The combination of artificial recharge water saving technology of the sixth sets of storage scheme, a combined operation of surface water and groundwater, realizes to make the purpose of regulating the balance owed, for many years. In accordance with sustainable development in the study area, suitable for promotion.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P641.8

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