中国鸭嘴龙超科化石新材料及其形态学、系统发育学和个体发育学研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 18:34

  本文选题：中国鸭嘴龙超科化石　切入点：白垩纪　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国的陆相白垩系十分发育;其出露情况也相对较好。许多白垩纪恐龙化石在中国被发现,特别是鸭嘴龙超科的化石材料。基于已发表的文献资料和在近十年的野外发掘工作中获得的新标本,笔者在本文中对中国鸭嘴龙类的形态学、系统发育学、个体发育学、生物地理学和生物地层学信息进行全面深入的评估。根据从河南省西峡盆地周家沟村中三冬期马家村组中段获取的新材料,新的基干鸭嘴龙类恐龙Zhanghenglong yangchengensis被命名和描述。笔者利用模型聚类分析对源自于鸭嘴龙超科系统发育特征的测量属性数据集进行统计学分割。在一些测量属性中,数据集的分割模式几乎与基干鸭嘴龙类和鸭嘴龙科之间的分类学分隔相吻合。这些测量属性被用于定量地分析Zhanghenglong的测量数据,以评估该类群的分类学地位。内蒙古二连地区的上白垩统二连达巴苏组是一套由浅灰色细砂岩、粗砂岩和砂砾岩夹带杂色泥岩和粉砂岩组成的陆相碎屑沉积物。它产数量丰富且种类繁多的恐龙化石以及一些微体化石。笔者系统地总结和阐述了二连达巴苏组的地层序列、沉积体系以及古生物化石的形态特征与组合面貌。以松辽盆地上白垩统的微体古生物化石和其地层学时代为标尺,二连达巴苏组的地质时代也被修订。一具不完整且部分关节的Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis幼年骨骼在内蒙古阿巴嘎旗哈沙图高勒流域的二连达巴苏组地层中被发现。该属种的解剖学信息和鉴定特征因而得以补充和修订。骨学研究发现G.mongoliensis的髂骨(肠骨)保留了从基干鸭嘴龙类向鸭嘴龙科进化的过渡形态。为了证实这一推论,笔者对全球鸭嘴龙类属种髂骨的外侧轮廓坐标数据进行二维几何形态测量分析(相对弯曲分析)。在以第一和第二主成分为横纵轴的二变量图中,代表G.mongoliensis髂骨标本的三个坐标点均落入了非鸭嘴龙科鸭嘴龙形类的95%置信椭圆和鸭嘴龙科的95%置信椭圆之间的重叠区域。由于Godefroit et al.(2008)对渔亮子组乌拉嘎骨层的鸭嘴龙科化石的初步鉴定存在着问题,产自于该骨层的鸭嘴龙亚科材料在本文中被重新评估。笔者修订了已建立的鸭嘴龙亚科Wulagasaurus dongi的鉴定特征和系统学位置。此外,混入该类群的赖氏龙亚科标本被剔除。通过详尽的形态学和统计学对比,一系列Edmontosaurus和Shantungosaurus之间的近裔共性被识别。这些特征证实了前述两个属之间的紧密亲缘关系。基于本文建立的系统发育布局,Edmontosaurini及其属种的系统古生物学信息被修订。为了确定鸭嘴龙超科各属种之间的系统发育关系,本人对由59个特征和346个种级别的分类单元组成的数据矩阵执行最大简约性分析。Iter PCR程序识别了初始分析的不稳定类群。替换的支序分析将不稳定类群排除出数据矩阵,并产生了具有较高解析度的严格合意树。该严格合意树与通过初始分析得到的简化严格合意树完全一致。基于由替换分析产生的严格合意树布局和鸭嘴龙类属种的生物地理学信息,笔者采用概率算法对鸭嘴龙类各支系的起源地和迁徙模式进行推测。笔者针对Shantungosaurus giganteus的不完整肱骨生长系列开展了个体发育学研究。定性的骨学对比和定量的简化主轴回归分析均发现了肱骨的三角胸嵴在个体发育过程中的显著形态学变化。本人基于组织学特征从S.giganteus的14个肱骨标本中识别出6个个体发育阶段。处于成年早期阶段的肱骨标本ZCDM HP0128的肱骨颈横截面保留了至少12个年度生长轮。笔者应用生长轮间隔法反向推算出该横截面丢失的早期年度生长轮的数量,并借助于生长曲线拟合法选取了S.giganteus最佳的生长模式和骨龄框架。具有最小赤池信息准则值的最佳生长曲线被用于估算该类群的初始性成熟年龄和最大生长速率。
[Abstract]:The Chinese continental Cretaceous are well developed; the exposed situation is relatively good. Many Cretaceous dinosaur fossils have been found in Chinese, especially hadrosauroidea fossil materials. Published in the literature and in the nearly ten years of field excavations in new samples based on the author of China hadrosaurs class the morphology, phylogeny, ontogeny, biogeography and biostratigraphic information to conduct a comprehensive in-depth assessment. According to the new material obtained from the Henan basin of Xixia Province Zhou Jia Gou Village three winter majiacun middle section of the new stem base such a dinosaur Zhanghenglong yangchengensis was named and described. The author uses the model of cluster analysis set the statistical segmentation from attribute data to hadrosauroidea phylogenetic characteristics. In some measure, data partition mode almost a duck The classification of credit between mouth dragon and hadrosauridae every match. These measurement attributes are used for quantitative analysis of the Zhanghenglong measurement data, to assess the taxonomic status of the two groups. The Inner Mongolia area even the upper Cretaceous Dabasu group is a set of two even by light gray fine sandstone, coarse sandstone and gravel sediments of continental clastic rocks with variegated mudstone and siltstone. It consists of abundant and diverse dinosaur fossils and some microfossils. The author systematically summarizes and describes the stratigraphic sequence of Dabasu group two, sedimentary system and fossils. The morphological characteristics and the assemblage in the upper Cretaceous in Songliao Basin microfossils and the time scale Dabasu stratigraphy, geological age group of two was also revised. Even an incomplete and partial joint Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis young bones in Inner Mongolia The two Dabasu even hashatu gol basin formation was found. Anatomical information and identification characteristics of the species can thus be supplemented and amended. Osteologic study found that G.mongoliensis bone (iliac) retained from the backbone to the hadrosauridae hadrosaurs evolutionary transition form. In order to confirm this inference, the lateral coordinate data of the author the global species hadrosaurs ilium analyzed two dimensional geometric morphometrics (relative bending analysis). In the first and second principal component variables for two axis in three coordinate points on behalf of G.mongoliensis specimens were in non bone of hadrosaurs class 95% hadrosaur shape and 95% confidence ellipse hadrosauridae confidence the overlap region between the elliptic. Because Godefroit (2008 et al.) preliminary identification of yuliangzi formation of Wulaga bone layer hadrosauridae fossil problems produced Hadrosaurinae material on the bone layer was re evaluated in this paper. The author has revised the identification characteristics and established system of hadrosaurinae Wulagasaurus dongi the position. In addition, the mixed groups of specimens were removed. Lambeosaurus subfamily through morphology and detailed statistics on the ratio between Edmontosaurus and Shantungosaurus, a series of recent origin common recognition. These features confirmed between the two genera are closely related. The layout of system development based on the established Edmontosaurini system and its species paleontology information is revised. In order to determine the relationship between the hadrosauroidea species development, I of the data matrix composed of classification unit 59 characteristics and the 346 levels of the implementation of unstable groups of maximum parsimony analysis of the.Iter PCR program to identify the initial analysis. Cladistic analysis will replace instability Fixed groups excluded from the data matrix, and has high resolution of the strict consensus tree. The strict consensus tree and the initial analysis of the simplified strict consensus tree completely consistent. Produced by substitution analysis of strict consensus tree layout and hadrosaurs organisms of the genus geographical information based on the study, the author uses the probabilistic algorithm of the hadrosaurs from the origin and migration patterns were estimated. According to the Shantungosaurus giganteus incomplete growth studies carried out series of ontogeny. Simplified qualitative and quantitative comparison of spindle Osteologic regression analysis were found significant changes in morphology during ontogeny of the deltopectoral crest. On the basis of the histological features identified 6 individual developmental stages from 14 specimens of humerus S.giganteus. In the early stage of adult humeral neck transverse humeral specimens of ZCDM HP0128 鎴�闈�淇濈暀浜嗚嚦灏，

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