松辽盆地王府断陷火石岭组火山地层、储层与天然气成藏研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 04:21

  本文选题：松辽盆地　切入点：火山地层　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：合理的地层划分与对比是理解储层发育特征与分布规律的基础,是对储层进行合理预测的保障。本文以松辽盆地王府断陷火石岭组火山岩为研究对象,综合利用地质、测井、地震等多种方法,对火山岩地层、火山岩储层和火山岩气藏进行了研究。首先建立火石岭组火山地层格架,然后在地层格架内开展岩性、岩相、储层发育机理、储层预测的研究,最后探讨本区天然气的成藏特征和富集规律。通过此次研究,总结了一套火山岩地层划分与对比技术以及火山岩储层地质-地震综合预测的方法流程。经过论文的详细研究,主要得出以下成果和认识:1.火山层序划分与对比将火山地层层序由大到小划分为火山旋回、冷却单元组、冷却单元。提出冷却单元是火山地层的基本成因地层单元,相当于层序地层学中的沉积体系或砂组,包括熔岩型、碎屑岩型和碎屑岩+熔岩型3种基本类型。冷却单元组是冷却单元的叠置,相当于层序地层学中的准层序。冷却单元组在地震上可以有效识别,可作为地震火山地层的基本单元。火山旋回为冷却单元组的叠置,相当于层序地层学中的三级层序。通过建立层序界面识别标志(包括地质、测井、地震),单井层序划分,井震联合地层划分对比,形成了一套类似于砂岩储层中砂组研究效果的火山地层划分与对比方法,实现了火山地层的对比与编图。据此,在王府断陷火石岭组识别出2个火山旋回和1个火山-沉积旋回,13个冷却单元组和若干个冷却单元。2.岩性岩相特征王府断陷火石岭组为中性岩和酸性岩,发育火山熔岩、火山碎屑熔岩、火山碎屑岩和沉火山碎屑岩4类,通过岩心和岩屑识别出包括安山岩、粗安岩、流纹岩、角砾熔岩、火山角砾岩等在内的24种基本岩石类型,其中粗安岩所占比例最大,其次为火山角砾岩。研究区发育火山口相、火山斜坡相和盆地相,进一步识别出13种亚相和25种微相。通过火山作用与冷却单元关系的研究,建立了溢流作用、空落作用、基浪-热碎屑流作用、侵出作用形成的冷却单元的基本岩性-岩相模式。利用井震资料结合,实现了火山口相、火山斜坡相和盆地相的地震有效识别,并以单元组为单元实现了地震-火山岩相的平面编图。3.火山岩储层基本特征王府断陷火石岭组火山岩储集空间可以概括为原生和次生两大类,包括原生孔隙、原生裂缝、次生孔隙和次生裂缝,且以次生孔隙和次生裂缝为主。主要发育气孔、粒间孔、晶间孔、冷凝收缩缝、爆炸裂缝、溶蚀孔、构造裂缝和构造-溶蚀缝。储层主要为中孔-较高孔、特低渗-低渗型储层,孔隙度主要介于5~10%之间,渗透率以小于0.1×10-3μm2为主。粗安岩段储层物性相对最好,流纹岩段其次,火山碎屑岩段的最差。各类岩石中火山碎屑熔岩的物性最好,其次为火山熔岩,沉火山碎屑岩的物性最差。4.火山岩储层发育机理按地层演化火山岩储层发育机理包含3个阶段。(1)冷却单元阶段,受火山作用和喷发环境等原生作用控制,主要形成气孔、冷凝收缩缝和炸裂缝,集中发育于冷却界面附近,是火山岩储层发育的基础。(2)单元组和火山旋回阶段,受坍塌作用、断裂作用和风化作用控制,发育准同生和次生孔缝,主要发育于火山口附近,且集中在风化壳,是火山岩储层的有效发展。(3)埋藏阶段,受成岩作用和断裂作用控制,大量次生溶蚀孔和构造裂缝集中在断裂带附近发育,对火山岩储层起决定作用。5.火山岩储层地质-地震综合预测综合地质、测井及地震资料,从岩相、储层发育机理、裂缝、地震属性分析、储层反演、储层孔渗饱分布等多方面对火山岩储层进行了定性-半定量的地质-地震综合预测。将预测的储层区划分为四类:Ⅰ类储层区为较高孔-高孔、中渗-高渗或高含气区;Ⅱ类储层区为中孔、低渗或中等含气区;Ⅲ类储层为潜在储层区;Ⅳ类为可能非储层。在冷却单元组13中圈定7个Ⅰ类储层区、5个Ⅱ类储层区和3个Ⅲ类储层区。6.火山岩气藏的成藏特征和富集规律对于王府断陷火石岭组火山岩气藏,冷却单元是基本的成储单元,且熔岩型和碎屑岩+熔岩型冷却单元有利于形成储层;冷却单元组是基本的成藏单元,且以火山机构为成藏中心;火山旋回是天然气成藏系统,整个火石岭组发育下部和上部两套含气层系,下部含气层系分布在火山旋回1的顶部,上部含气层系主要分布在火山旋回3。流纹岩最有利于天然气成藏,而粗安岩是天然气成藏的主体。天然气主要富集在火山口相,其次是火山斜坡相。王府断陷火石岭组火山岩气藏具有“断控-层控-体控”复合的天然气聚集规律。山东屯构造带是天然气主要富集区,而且火山隆起带上主要发育下部含气层系,其边缘至凹地区则发育上部和下部2套含气层系。火山岩气藏在南北方向表现出分区性,包括三个主要成藏区,即北部成藏区、中部成藏区和南部成藏区。整体发育反转背斜-地层成藏,断块成藏,岩性-断块成藏和断块-反转背斜-地层复合成藏4种成藏模式,且以断块成藏和岩性-断块成藏为主。
[Abstract]:Stratigraphic division and correlation of the reasonable basis for the understanding of reservoir characteristics and distribution, is a reasonable prediction of the reservoir protection. In this paper, Wangfu faulted fire Shiling volcano rock group as the research object, the comprehensive utilization of geology, logging, seismic and other methods, the volcano rock strata, volcano rock reservoir and the volcano rock gas reservoir was studied. Firstly, the fire Shiling group volcano stratigraphic framework, and then carry out lithologic stratigraphic facies, in the frame, the reservoir development mechanism of reservoir prediction, reservoir characteristics and enrichment regularity of the natural gas in this area. Through the study, summed up the process a volcano rock stratigraphic division and correlation technology as well as the volcano rock reservoir geology seismic comprehensive prediction. After a detailed study of the thesis. Main conclusions are as follows: 1. volcano sequence division and comparison of the volcano stratigraphic sequence from big to A small volcano is divided into cycles, cooling unit, cooling unit, cooling unit is proposed. The basic genetic stratigraphic unit of volcano strata, sedimentary system and sand group is equivalent to the sequence stratigraphy, including lava type, 3 basic types of clastic rocks and clastic rocks and lava. Cooling single tuple is stacked in the cooling unit that is equivalent to the sequence stratigraphy in the parasequence. Cooling unit group can be effectively identified in the earthquake, can be used as a basic unit of earthquake volcano strata. Volcano cycle cooling unit group superimposed equivalent sequence stratigraphy in the three grade sequence. Through the establishment of sequence boundary identification (including geological, logging, seismic). The single well sequence division, well seismic joint stratigraphic division, formed a similar to the effect of sand formation sandstone reservoir in the volcano stratigraphic division and correlation method, contrast and mapping is realized. Based on the volcano formation, in the king Fu faulted fire Shiling group identified 2 volcano volcano sedimentary cycles and 1 cycles, 13 cooling unit group and a plurality of cooling unit.2. characteristics of lithology and lithofacies Wangfu faulted fire Shiling group for the neutral rock and acid rock, developed volcano lava, volcano clastic lava and volcano clastic rocks and sedimentary volcano clastic rocks 4 class, through the core and cuttings are identified including andesite, trachyandesite and rhyolite breccia lava, 24 basic types of rock breccia volcano, which trachyandesites accounted for the largest proportion, followed by the volcano breccia. The study area developed volcano, volcano slope and basin facies, further identified 13 kinds of subfacies and 25 microfacies. By studying the relationship between volcano role and cooling unit, set up the overflow effect, empty, medium wave pyroclastic flow, flushout basic cooling unit formed the lithology lithofacies model. By using seismic data. Together, the volcano, volcano seismic identification of slope and basin facies, and the unit group as a unit realizes the mapping of.3. volcano rock reservoir characteristics of seismic facies volcano Wangfu faulted fire Shiling group volcano rock reservoir space can be divided into primary and secondary two categories, including native the primary pore, secondary pore and secondary cracks, cracks, and the secondary pore and the secondary development. The main pores, intergranular pore, intergranular pore, condensation contraction joints, explosion cracks, pores, structural fractures and tectonic dissolution fractures. The reservoir is mainly in the high - hole hole, low permeability reservoir ultra low permeability layer, between the porosity is mainly between 5~10%, permeability less than 0.1 * 10-3 Mu m2. Trachyandesites reservoir is relatively the best, second section of rhyolite volcano clastic rock, the worst of all kinds of rocks. The volcano clastic lava, followed by molten volcano Rock properties, heavy volcano clastic rocks the.4. volcano rock reservoir development mechanism according to the stratigraphic evolution volcano rock reservoir development mechanism consists of 3 phases. (1) the cooling unit, controlled by the primary role and volcano eruption environment, mainly the formation of pores, shrinkage cracks and crack condensation joints, develop in the cooling near the interface, is the basis of volcano rock reservoir development. (2) the unit group and the volcano cycle stage, the collapse, faulting and weathering, the development of penecontemporaneous and secondary pores and fractures, mainly developed in the volcano near the mouth, and concentrated in the weathering crust, is the effective development of volcano rock reservoir. (3) burial stage, controlled by diagenesis and fracture, a large number of secondary porosity and fractures in fault zone near the development of volcano rock reservoir plays a decisive role in the.5. volcano rock reservoir geology seismic comprehensive prediction comprehensive geological, logging and seismic data, 浠庡博鐩，

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