具有不同狩猎方式的捕食—被捕食模型研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 23:39

本文选题：蒙特卡洛方法 + 平均场方法　；参考：《大连理工大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：本文研究了基于不同狩猎方式的捕食-被捕食模型,包括捕食者个体狩猎模型、捕食者群体狩猎模型以及具有混合狩猎方式的捕食-被捕食模型。采用的方法为平均场方法和蒙特卡洛模拟方法。着重研究在具有不同狩猎方式的捕食-被捕食模型中,捕食者和被捕食者的数量随时间演化性质、空间分布等问题。论文的结构如下:第一章简要介绍了捕食-被捕食模型的研究背景和研究现状。第二章研究了一类捕食者个体狩猎的模型。首先讨论了个体视野对捕食-被捕食模型的影响。结果表明,捕食者视野的增强会使得自身种群数量降低,被捕食者视野的变化对种群数量影响不大。与以往工作不同的是,结果表明,大视野的捕食者个体和最小视野的被捕食者个体具有更强的个体生存能力。这个结果表明,"进化"对生物不一定是有益的;接下来研究了一类具有不参与狩猎的捕食者的捕食-被捕食模型。模型中一部分捕食者参与狩猎,另外一部分以及它们的子代不参与狩猎。在这个特定的捕食-被捕食模型中可以体现,这类不参与狩猎的捕食者的出现,对于生态系统是有益的。第三章主要考虑了捕食者合作狩猎的捕食-被捕食模型。这个模型中捕食者是群居并且合作狩猎的。通过平均场理论和蒙特卡洛模拟方法所得到的结论,可以了解到,捕食者成群概率是研究捕食者群体分布的关键因素。而捕食者个体成群概率的出现给今后的研究提供了一种关于捕食者群体形成原因的直观解释。第四章讨论了一类具有混合狩猎方式的捕食-被捕食模型。在这个模型中,猎物被细分为成年猎物和幼年猎物。捕食者群体狩猎成年猎物,个体狩猎幼年猎物。结果表明,捕食者对于成年猎物捕猎对于系统中生物存在性的影响极小,但对于捕食者和被捕食者的种群数量有影响。一般情况下,成长率高的被捕食者具有的生存能力更强。捕食者如果过度捕猎幼年被捕食者,会使得捕食者种群面临灭绝的风险。
[Abstract]:In this paper, predator-prey models based on different hunting methods are studied, including predator hunting model, predator-group hunting model and predator-prey model with mixed hunting methods. The methods used are mean field method and Monte Carlo simulation method. In the predator-prey model with different hunting methods, the evolution property and spatial distribution of the number of predator and prey with time are studied. The structure of the thesis is as follows: in chapter 1, the research background and current situation of predator-prey model are briefly introduced. In the second chapter, we study a kind of predator hunting model. Firstly, the effect of individual vision on predator-prey model is discussed. The results showed that the increase of predator's field of vision would decrease the population number, but the change of predator's field of vision had little effect on the population size. Different from previous work, the results show that the predator with large field of vision and the predator with minimum vision have stronger individual survival ability. The results show that "evolution" is not necessarily beneficial to organisms, and a kind of predator-prey model with predator that does not participate in hunting is studied. In the model, some predators participate in hunting, the other part and their offspring do not participate in hunting. In this particular predator-prey model, it can be shown that the emergence of this kind of predator who does not participate in hunting is beneficial to the ecosystem. In chapter 3, the predator-prey model is considered. In this model, predators live in groups and work together to hunt. Based on the results of mean field theory and Monte Carlo simulation, it is found that predator swarm probability is a key factor in the study of predator population distribution. The occurrence of swarm probability of predator individuals provides an intuitive explanation for the formation of predator population in the future. In chapter 4, a kind of predator-prey model with mixed hunting mode is discussed. In this model, prey is subdivided into adult and juvenile prey. The predator group hunts adult prey, while the individual hunts young prey. The results show that the predator has little effect on the existence of organisms in the system, but has an effect on the population of predator and prey. In general, the prey with high growth rate has stronger survivability. Predators who overhunt their young prey put the predator population at risk of extinction.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O175

【相似文献】