阿姆河盆地右岸地区中上侏罗统礁滩储层地质研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 03:54

本文选题：阿姆河右岸区块 + 卡洛夫-牛津阶　；参考：《中国矿业大学(北京)》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：阿姆河右岸区块横跨阿姆河盆地东北部,是中亚天然气管道及西气东输的主供气源地,主要发育盐下中上侏罗统卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩礁滩相储层,天然气资源丰富。阿姆河右岸经历了卡洛夫期缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地向牛津期镶边型碳酸盐岩台地的演化,沉积微相类型丰富,储层类型多样。与国内碳酸盐岩主要勘探开发的台缘礁滩、台内白云岩滩及风化壳岩溶型储层不同,阿姆河右岸主要勘探开发对象集中在台内及台缘斜坡两个相区,而台内及台缘斜坡规模性储集体类型及分布规律认识不清楚,预测难度大,严重制约着勘探开发进程,沉积储层研究对于碳酸盐岩天然气高效勘探开发意义重大。本论文以阿姆河右岸地区中上侏罗统卡洛夫-牛津阶为研究对象,以沉积学、层序地层学等理论为指导,充分利用露头、岩芯、薄片、录井、测井、地震及分析化验等资料,在层序地层及沉积微相研究的基础上,对台内及台缘斜坡礁滩储层的发育特征、成因类型、主控因素及地质模式等开展了深入研究。取得的主要成果如下:1.建立卡洛夫-牛津阶层序地层格架,厘清岩石地层、电性地层与层序地层单元间的关系,形成碳酸盐台地体系不同相区多重地层统层方案。前人将阿姆河右岸西部台地边缘与台内相区卡洛夫-牛津阶划分出8个岩性段,在中东部台缘斜坡与盆地相区划分出6个岩性段,不同相区间岩石地层单元等时对比关系不清,影响地质规律认识。通过野外露头岩石学特征、岩性组合规律深入研究,将露头岩石地层单元与钻井常规测井、成像测井等进行对比,对各岩性段界面以及内部测井响应特征进行了详细分析,明确了阿姆河右岸卡洛夫-牛津阶岩石地层单元的精细地层对比关系。通过层序地层学分析,识别出了不同级别层序地层界面,将阿姆河右岸卡洛夫-牛津阶划分为两个三级层序。单个三级层序由海侵体系域、早期高位体系域和晚期高位体系域组成,体系域内部可进一步划分为出两个准层序组及若干个准层序。通过区域层序地层格架的建立,厘清了岩石地层、电性地层与层序地层单元间的对比关系,形成阿姆河右岸碳酸盐台地体系不同相区间的多重地层统层方案,进而完成了右岸60余口井的卡洛夫-牛津阶岩石地层划分与对比方案,得到油田公司采纳并应用于生产,从而解决了长期困扰勘探的碳酸盐岩各岩性段区域上等时地层对比问题。在此基础上,系统恢复了阿姆河右岸卡洛夫期缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地向牛津期镶边型碳酸盐岩台地的演化过程,揭示了不同地区岩石地层单元类型及岩石组合特征差异的地质基础,为台内与台缘斜坡相区沉积微相及储层研究奠定了重要基础。2.基于取芯段沉积微相与测井相分析,建立沉积微相相序演化标准剖面,创建了台内及台缘斜坡沉积微相高分辨率图形聚类测井相定量解释图版,实现全井段沉积微相连续解释,揭示了台内与台缘斜坡沉积微相空间展布规律。阿姆河右岸卡洛夫-牛津阶发育完整的碳酸盐岩台地沉积体系,台内与台缘斜坡沉积微相类型丰富,岩石类型多样。基于取芯资料建立沉积微相测井识别图版,有助于实现全井段沉积微相连续解释及台内与台缘斜坡沉积微相空间展布规律。在取芯资料岩石学特征分析的基础上,识别出蒸发台地、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、台缘斜坡及盆地相区各种沉积微相类型。通过长井段连续取芯资料深入分析,建立了台内与台缘斜坡沉积微相相序演化标准剖面。建立岩芯段沉积微相的测井响应样式,形成台内与台缘斜坡不同沉积微相常规测井、聚类测井相、成像测井相模式,创建了台内及台缘斜坡沉积微相高分辨率图形聚类测井相定量解释图版,实现全井段沉积微相连续解释。通过单井沉积微相分析与地震相分析相结合,编制了联井及平面沉积微相图,揭示了台内与台缘斜坡沉积微相空间展布特征。3.开展台内与台缘斜坡礁滩储层特征与定量评价研究,明确储集空间与物性特征、成岩作用类型及成岩演化阶段,建立了常规测井与成像测井定量解释模版,确定了碳酸盐岩储层下限及流体识别标准。阿姆河右岸卡洛夫-牛津阶台内与台缘斜坡碳酸盐岩储集空间以次生粒内及粒间溶孔为主,台内高能颗粒滩保留部分原生孔,中东部台缘斜坡区裂缝发育。成岩作用研究表明,压实作用及胶结作用为主要的破坏性成岩作用类型;包括硫酸盐热化学还原作用(tsr)在内的埋藏溶蚀作用及破裂作用为主要的建设性成岩作用。通过成岩流体古温度与古盐度、微量元素、碳氧同位素、锶同位素分析,划分了成岩演化阶段,分别建立了台内与台缘斜坡成岩与孔隙演化模式,为储层成因分析奠定了基础。在分区、分层矿物模型建立的基础上,选取适合台内与台缘斜坡碳酸盐岩的测井解释数学模型,通过测井资料统计及实验室分析数据优选合理参数,形成了台内与台缘斜坡碳酸盐岩储层常规测井定量解释模版;在裂缝类型识别的基础上,开展了成像测井缝洞定量解释。结合测井多参数交会图版以及试油结论等生产数据,明确了台内与台缘斜坡碳酸盐岩孔隙度4%的保守储层下限级别。通过多手段流体性质判别研究,确立了流体类型划分标准,即:气层sw≤50%、气水同层50%sw70%、水层:sw≥70%,为气水界面识别、气藏类型研究、储量计算、试油层段以及开发射孔段的选取奠定了基础。4.划分台内与台缘斜坡碳酸盐岩储层类型,建立不同类型储层综合识别图版,创建以常规测井资料为变量的储层类型定量判别模型,分析储层形成主控因素,明确规模性储层形成条件与分布规律,建立了台内与台缘斜坡储层类型分布模式。台内与台缘斜坡碳酸盐岩储集空间及组合方式的多样,揭示出储层类型及成因的复杂性,明确储层类型平面及纵向分布规律对于高效勘探开发有重要意义。基于岩芯、物性分析及测井资料,揭示出阿姆河右岸台内与台缘斜坡相碳酸盐岩发育孔隙型、孔洞型、裂缝孔隙型和缝洞型四类储层,建立了各类储层综合识别图版。利用统计学方法对各类储层测井响应值进行分析,建立了深浅电阻比值(RD/RS)、密度中子总孔隙度与声波孔隙度差值(Φt-Φs)为多变量的储层类型测井定量识别模型,形成了基于常规测井资料的定量储层类型划分方法,解决了储层类型分布规律认识不清的问题。各类储层发育主控因素分析表明,孔隙型与孔洞型储层主要受控于沉积微相、层序界面及相关溶蚀作用,裂缝孔隙型储层主要受控于受沉积微相、裂缝及相关溶蚀作用,缝洞型储层主要受控于裂缝和相关埋藏溶蚀作用。结合层序格架内联井储层对比等分析,明确规模性储层形成条件与分布规律,建立了台内与台缘斜坡储层类型分布模式。5.揭示了萨曼杰佩为隐伏古隆起上叠置的厚层台内滩,打破了前人对该气田主力产层为台缘堤礁的传统认识,明确了规模性台内滩发育的沉积地质特征、控制因素及展布规律,建立了规模性台内滩发育模式,指导了阿姆河右岸西部多个规模性台内滩的发现。前人研究认为右岸西部发现的萨曼杰佩气田为台地边缘礁滩相气田。岩石微相与地震相分析相结合,揭示出萨曼杰佩气田下牛津组产层为隐伏古隆起上叠置连片的厚层台内颗粒滩,打破了该主力气田产层为“台缘堤礁”的地质认识。古地貌与海平面变化分析相结合,明确了台内滩平面展布、发育层位、滩体类型及组合特征、规模性台内滩储集体发育条件,建立了台内滩发育的地质模式。隐伏基底古隆起发育区古地貌高部位滩体单层厚度大,垂向上多期叠置,横向展布范围广,形成规模性叠合台内滩;古地貌低洼部位滩体单层厚度薄,总厚度小,台内滩规模有限,层序地层格架内台内滩储层发育于准层序组中上部。基于古地貌对台内滩发育控制作用的地质认识,通过过层拉平技术、补偿厚度法、残余厚度法,识别出西部查尔朱及坚基兹库尔古隆起发育多个次级古地貌高地。预测了多个规模性叠合台内滩发育区,并得到钻探证实,指导了阿姆河右岸西部多个规模性台内滩的发现。
[Abstract]:The right bank of amu river across the northeast of the Amu basin is the main source of gas pipeline in Central Asia and the main source of gas transmission from west to East. The middle upper Jurassic Calov Oxford carbonate rock reef reservoir is mainly developed under salt, and the natural gas is rich in natural gas resources. The right Bank of the Amu river has experienced the Calov stage carbonatite platform to Oxford phase carbon. The evolution of the acid salt rock platform is rich in sedimentary microfacies and various types of reservoirs. Different from the main exploration and development of the platform margin reef beach, the inter platform dolomite beach and the weathered crust karst reservoir, the main exploration and development objects on the right bank of the Amu River are concentrated in two phases in the platform and the platform margin slope, and the large reservoir in the platform and the platform margin is stored. The type and distribution law of the body are not clear, the prediction is difficult, and the exploration and development process is seriously restricted. The study of the sedimentary reservoir is of great significance to the high efficiency exploration and development of carbonate gas. This paper takes the middle upper Jurassic Calov Oxford order of the right bank of the Amu River as the research object, and takes the theory of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy as the guidance, and it is filled with the theory of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. On the basis of the study of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary microfacies, the development characteristics, genetic types, main controlling factors and geological models of the reservoir in the platform and the margin slope are studied on the basis of the data of outcrop, core, thin film, logging, logging, seismic and analysis, and so on. The main achievements are as follows: 1. the establishment of the LF Oxford stratum The sequence stratigraphic framework clarifies the relationship between the lithostratigraphy, the electrical strata and the sequence stratigraphic units, and forms the multiple stratigraphic series of different facies zones in the carbonate platform system. The predecessors divided the Western platform edge of the right bank of the right bank of the right bank of the right bank of the right bank of the right bank to 8 lithologic sections in the intra phase area of the Oxford, and divided 6 rocks in the platform margin slope and the basin facies area in the Middle East. The relationship between the rock stratum unit and the lithostratigraphic unit in different phases is not clear, which affects the understanding of the geological law. Through the study of the lithologic characteristics of outcrop and lithology, the lithostratigraphic unit of the outcrop is compared with the conventional well logging and imaging logging, and the characteristics of the interface of each rock section and the internal logging response are detailed. The fine stratigraphic correlation between the limestone and Oxford order units on the right bank of the Amu river is clarified. Through sequence stratigraphic analysis, the sequence stratigraphic interface of different levels is identified, and the order of the right bank of the Amu river is divided into two three order sequences. The single three level sequence is from the transgressive system domain, the early high system domain and the late stage. The system domain is composed of two quasi sequence groups and several quasi sequences within the system domain. Through the establishment of the regional sequence stratigraphic framework, the comparative relationship between the lithostratigraphy, the electrical stratigraphy and the sequence stratigraphic units is clarified, and the multiple stratigraphic series of different phases of the right bank carbonate platform system in the right bank of amu river is formed. In this way, the lithostratigraphic division and contrast scheme of more than 60 wells in the right bank is completed, which has been adopted and applied to the production by the oil field companies, thus solving the stratigraphic contrast problem in the lithologic sections of the carbonate rocks for a long period of time. On this basis, the system restored the slow slope type carbonate of the right bank of the right bank of the Amu river. The evolution process of the salt rock platform to Oxford edge carbonate platform reveals the geological foundation of the types of lithostratigraphic units and the difference of rock combination characteristics in different regions. It lays an important foundation for the study of sedimentary microfacies and reservoir in the platform margin slope facies area,.2. based on the analysis of sedimentary microfacies and logging facies in the core section and the establishment of sedimentary microfacies. The phase sequence evolution standard section has created a quantitative interpretation chart of high resolution graphic clustering logging facies for the sedimentary microfacies in the platform and the platform margin, realizing the continuous interpretation of the sedimentary microfacies in the whole well section, revealing the spatial distribution of the sedimentary microfacies in the platform and the platform margin. The sedimentary microfacies of the platform and the platform margin are rich in sedimentary microfacies and various types of rocks. Based on the core data to establish the sedimentary microfacies log recognition chart, it is helpful to realize the continuous interpretation of the sedimentary microfacies in the whole well section and the spatial distribution of the sedimentary microfacies in the platform and the platform edge slope. The sedimentary microfacies of the platform, the open platform, the edge of the platform, the edge slope of the platform and the basin facies are all kinds of sedimentary microfacies. Through the deep analysis of the continuous core data of the long well section, the standard profile of the facies sequence evolution of the sedimentary microfacies in the platform and the platform margin is established, and the logging response style of the sedimentary microfacies of the core section is established to form the different sedimentary microfacies in the platform and the platform margin slope. Conventional logging, clustering and logging facies and imaging logging mode have been used to create a quantitative interpretation chart of high resolution graphic clustering logging facies for the sedimentary microfacies of the platform and the platform margin, and to realize the continuous interpretation of the sedimentary microfacies of the whole well. The characteristics and quantitative evaluation of the sedimentary microfacies of the sedimentary microfacies of the platform margin slope.3. are carried out in the platform and the platform margin slope reef beach reservoir. The reservoir spatial and physical characteristics, the diagenesis type and the diagenesis stage are clearly defined, and the conventional logging and imaging logging quantitative interpretation templates are established, and the lower limit of carbonate reservoir and the fluid identification standard have been confirmed. The carbonate reservoir space in the limo slope of the right bank of the right bank of the Amu river is mainly in the secondary and intergranular pores, and the high energy grain beach in the platform keeps some primary holes, and the cracks in the slope area of the middle eastern part of the slope are developed. The study of diagenesis shows that compaction and cementation are the main types of destructive diagenesis, including sulfur. The buried dissolution and fracture effect of acid salt thermo chemical reduction (TSR) are the main constructive diagenesis. Through the analysis of Paleotemperature and paleosalinity, trace elements, carbon and oxygen isotopes and strontium isotopes of diagenetic fluids, the evolution stages of diagenesis are divided, and the model of diagenesis and pore evolution in the platform and the platform margin is established, and the reservoir is the reservoir. On the basis of zoning and stratified mineral model, the well logging interpretation mathematical model suitable for the carbonate rocks in the platform and the platform edge slope is selected, and the rational parameters are optimized by the log data statistics and the laboratory analysis data to form a conventional log interpretation template for the carbonate reservoir in the platform and the platform edge slope; On the basis of the identification of fracture types, the quantitative interpretation of the imaging logging seams has been carried out. Combining with the production data of the logging multi parameter rendezvous plate and the oil test conclusion, the lower limit of the conservative reservoir of the porosity of 4% of the carbonate rock in the platform and the platform margin is clearly defined. Gas and water SW < 50%, gas water same layer 50%sw70%, water layer: SW > 70%, for gas water interface identification, gas reservoir type research, reserves calculation, test oil layer section and the selection of development perforation section laid the foundation.4. division and platform margin slope carbonate reservoir type, set up different types of reservoir comprehensive identification chart, create with conventional logging data as variables The reservoir type quantitative discriminant model is used to analyze the main control factors of reservoir formation, to clarify the formation conditions and distribution rules of the large-scale reservoir, and to establish the distribution pattern of the reservoir type in the platform and the platform margin. The reservoir space and combination mode of the carbonate rock in the platform and the platform edge slope are varied, and the reservoir type and the complexity of the genesis are revealed, and the reservoir type is clearly defined. The pattern of plane and longitudinal distribution is of great significance for high efficiency exploration and development. Based on core, physical analysis and logging data, it is revealed that the carbonate rocks of the right bank in the right bank of the Amu River and the platform margin slope are developed in four types of reservoirs, such as pore type, pore type, fractured pore type and sewn hole type, and the comprehensive identification chart of various types of reservoirs is established. In this paper, the logging response values of various reservoirs are analyzed, and a quantitative identification model of reservoir type is established with the ratio of depth resistance ratio (RD/RS), the difference between the total porosity of density neutron and the porosity of acoustic porosity (t- s) as a multi variable reservoir type. The method of the quantitative reservoir type classification based on the conventional logging data has been formed, and the recognition of the distribution pattern of the reservoir type is not clear. The main control factors of various reservoir development show that the pore type and pore type reservoir are mainly controlled by sedimentary microfacies, sequence interface and related dissolution, and the fractured pore type reservoirs are mainly controlled by sedimentary microfacies, fractures and related dissolution, and the fractured and cavern reservoirs are mainly controlled by fractures and related buried dissolution. The formation conditions and distribution laws of the large reservoirs are clearly defined, and the distribution pattern of the reservoir type in the platform and the platform margin is set up by.5., which reveals that Saman Jay Per is a thick layer of stacked flat in the concealed paleo uplift, which breaks the traditional understanding of the main production layer of the gas field as the main barrier reef in the gas field and clear the scale. The depositional geological characteristics, control factors and distribution laws of the development of the flat beach have been established to guide the discovery of a number of large-scale flat shoals in the right bank of the right bank of the Amu river. The Sa Manjie Pere gas field found in the west of the right bank was considered to be a reef beach facies gas field on the edge of the platform. It is revealed that the formation of the lower Oxford formation in the SAM Jay gas field is a thick layer of thick layer beach in the upper layer of the concealed paleo uplift, breaking the geological understanding of the "platform levee reef" in the main gas field, and combining the paleogeomorphology with the sea level change analysis, and clearly defined the flat surface distribution, the breeding horizon, the type and combination of the beach body, and the scale of the platform. The development conditions of the inner beach reservoir have established the geological pattern of the development of the flat beach. The high site of the palaeogenic paleogenal area of the buried basement is large, vertical and multistage superposition, and a wide range of transverse distribution, forming a large-scale stacked flat. The single layer of the beach body in the low-lying parts of the paleogomorphology is thin, the total thickness is small, the scale of the flat beach is limited, sequence sequence is limited. Sequence sequence is limited. The inner platform inner beach reservoir in the stratigraphic framework is developed in the middle upper part of the Paran sequence. Based on the geological understanding of the control of the development of the flat beach in the palaeoggeomorphology, through the stratigraphic lamination technique, the compensatory thickness method and the residual thickness method, many sub grade paleogomorphic highlands developed in the Western Charles and kenzkkuru uplift have been identified. The development area of the inner beach is confirmed by drilling, which guides the discovery of several large-scale beach in the west of the right bank of the Amu river.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P618.13

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