光子晶体热库中的量子纠缠和量子速率极限时间的调控

发布时间：2018-10-11 07:52

【摘要】：量子纠缠和量子速率极限时间在量子信息学中具有十分重要的地位。利用量子纠缠这种重要的物理资源可以实现量子密钥分配、量子隐形传态、量子搜索算法等诸多量子任务。量子速率极限时间表征量子系统从初始状态演化到目标量子态所用的最短时间,其在量子通信、量子计算以及量子最优控制等方面起着至关重要的作用。由于真实的量子系统与环境之间存在不可避免的相互作用,最终将破坏量子系统的量子纠缠,并且系统的量子速率极限时间也强烈依赖于周围环境。因此,研究开放量子系统中的量子速率极限时间和量子纠缠的动力学演化,进而找到有效控制量子纠缠和量子速率极限时间的方法,是量子信息学的一个关键研究课题。在本文中,我们以光子晶体这种可控的非马尔科夫环境为研究平台,探究置于其中的量子系统的量子纠缠和量子速率极限时间,并取得了一些具有创新性的研究成果。本论文的内容如下:第一章主要介绍本论文的研究背景和意义。第二章主要介绍与本论文内容有关的光子晶体的基本理论,包括光子晶体的概念、主要特性及应用,并重点介绍了光子晶体中非马尔科夫动力学演化的主要研究方法。第三章主要介绍与本论文内容有关的量子信息学的一些基本理论,包括量子纠缠的概念、纠缠的度量,闭合量子系统中的量子速率极限时间以及开放量子系统中量子速率极限时间的理论推导。第四章研究了光子晶体热库中基于原子囚禁位置的纠缠调控。我们以置于各项同性光子晶体中的二能级原子为研究对象,主要研究原子的囚禁位置对原子间纠缠演化的调控作用。研究发现原子在光子晶体中位置的改变可以使原子间的纠缠从纠缠死亡的状态转化到纠缠俘获的状态,并可以改变纠缠在各个子系统中的分布情况。该研究为光子晶体中的量子纠缠的调控提供了新的参数,并能指导相关实验研究。第五章研究了光子晶体中光子-原子束缚态出现的临界条件。光子-原子束缚态在量子信息处理中有重要的潜在应用价值。光子-原子束缚态的形成可以用于制备原子间的长程纠缠,并为构建量子网络提供了有效途径。因此,有必要深入研究光子晶体中光子-原子束缚态形成的条件方程并对其进行有效调控。在本章中,我们以置于双带隙光子晶体中的二能级原子为研究对象,成功解析出了光子-原子束缚态出现的临界耦合强度范围和禁带频率范围,并且我们还给出了相应的实验验证方案。该研究为光子晶体中束缚态的形成和有效调控提供了新思路。第六章主要研究光子晶体环境中量子速率极限时间的演化和量子加速的有效调控。我们以置于光子晶体中的二能级原子为研究对象,主要研究了原子的囚禁位置、带隙宽度以及缺陷性质参数对速率极限时间的影响,发现通过对热库参数的有效调控,可以加速量子系统的演化,并能使量子加速扩展到禁带外的马尔科夫区域。我们的研究不仅为光子晶体环境中速率极限时间的有效调控提供新思路,而且有助于推动基于光子晶体的量子信息研究的发展。
[Abstract]:Quantum entanglement and quantum rate limit time are very important in quantum informatics. Quantum key assignment, quantum teleportation, quantum search algorithm and other quantum tasks can be realized by using quantum entanglement of this important physical resource. Quantum rate limit time is the shortest time used to characterize the quantum system from the initial state to the target quantum state, which plays an important role in quantum communication, quantum computation and quantum optimal control. Due to the inevitable interaction between the real quantum system and the environment, the quantum entanglement of the quantum system will be destroyed, and the quantum rate limit time of the system also depends strongly on the surrounding environment. Therefore, we study the quantum rate limit time and the dynamic evolution of quantum entanglement in the open quantum system, and find a way to effectively control quantum entanglement and quantum rate limit time, which is a key research subject of quantum informatics. In this paper, we study the quantum entanglement and quantum rate limit time of quantum systems placed in them by using the controllable non-Markov environment of photonic crystals as the research platform, and obtain some innovative research results. The contents of this thesis are as follows: Chapter 1 mainly introduces the background and significance of the thesis. The second chapter mainly introduces the basic theory of photonic crystal related to the content of this paper, including the concept, main characteristics and application of photonic crystal, and mainly introduces the main research methods of the non-Markov dynamic evolution in photonic crystal. The third chapter mainly introduces some basic theories of quantum information, including the concept of quantum entanglement, the measurement of entanglement, the limit time of quantum rate in closed quantum system and the theoretical derivation of quantum rate limit time in the open quantum system. In chapter 4, the entanglement control based on atom trapping is studied in the photonic crystal thermal bank. We use the two-level atoms in the same-sex photonic crystals as the research object, and we mainly study the regulation and regulation of the atom's trapping position on the entanglement evolution between atoms. It is found that the change of the position of atoms in the photonic crystal can transform the entanglement of atoms from the state of entanglement and death to the state of entanglement capture, and can change the distribution of entanglement in each subsystem. The study provides new parameters for the regulation and control of quantum entanglement in photonic crystals, and can guide relevant experimental research. In the fifth chapter, the critical condition of photon-atomic absorption in photonic crystals is studied. The photon-atomic absorption state has important potential application value in quantum information processing. The formation of photon-atom transition states can be used to prepare long-range entanglement between atoms and provide an effective way for constructing quantum networks. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study the condition equation of photon-atomic absorption in photonic crystals and control it effectively. In this chapter, we have successfully resolved the critical coupling intensity range and forbidden band frequency range of photon-atomic emission state, and we also gave the corresponding experimental verification scheme. The study provides a new idea for the formation and effective regulation of triplet state in photonic crystals. The sixth chapter mainly studies the evolution of quantum rate limit time and the effective regulation of quantum acceleration in photonic crystal environment. Based on the two-level atom in the photonic crystal as the research object, we mainly studied the influence of the trapping position, the gap width and the defect property parameters on the rate limit time, and found that the evolution of the quantum system can be accelerated by the effective regulation of the thermal bank parameters. and the quantum acceleration can be extended to the Markov region outside the forbidden band. Our research not only provides new ideas for effective regulation of rate limit time in photonic crystal environment, but also helps to promote the development of quantum information research based on photonic crystal.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O413

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