长角亚目分子系统学研究（昆虫纲：双翅目）
发布时间：2018-10-29 21:44
【摘要】：长角亚目是双翅目中的原始类群,包括常见的卫生害虫和一些重要的农作物害虫。长角亚目常被认为是一个并系类群,其系统发育关系也一直存在争议。长角亚目次目间的系统发育很混乱,部分科的系统位置也有争议。因此,开展长角亚目系统发育关系的研究对于认识该类群乃至整个双翅目的系统发育与进化历史都具有十分重要的意义。随着测序技术的发展,转录组测序作为一种高效、快捷的测序方法,推动着以大数据为基础的昆虫系统发育研究。同时,线粒体基因组由于其基因保守、母系遗传等特点在系统发育研究、遗传多样性、物种鉴定和生物地理学方面一直具有重要作用。目前,大量的昆虫的线粒体基因组被测定,它们被广泛应用于系统发育研究中。本论文对长角亚目3科昆虫的转录组进行测序和分析。此外,还对长角亚目昆虫的线粒体基因组进行了测序工作,共测定了 17科昆虫的线粒体基因组序列,获得了大量线粒体基因组数据。在此基础上,结合已公布的转录组和线粒体基因组序列,对长角亚目昆虫系统发育关系进行了深入研究。主要结果如下:(1)测得了长角亚目3种转录组及20种线粒体基因组序列,得到大量数据,并分别做了相关分析。其中多个科的序列为首次测得,如3科的转录组序列以及窗大蚊科、烛大蚊科、蛙蠓科、奇蚋科、幽蚊科、网蚊科、拟网蚊科、缨翅蚊科、毛蚊科和极蚊科等的线粒体基因组序列。(2)利用全转录组数据和部分功能基因组数据对长角亚目系统发育关系进行对比研究,结果表明,部分功能基因组对研究系统发育关系具有重要作用,但还需深入挖掘其潜在的系统发育信号,目前全转录组为研究系统发育的最有效手段。利用"涉及翅的生物学过程"相关基因的分析结果与全转录组的分析结果基本一致,次目间的系统发育关系均为:蚊次目+(大蚊次目+(蛾蚋次目+(毛蚊次目+短角亚目)))。(3)线粒体基因组的碱基异质性等缺陷影响了长角亚目系统发育树的拓扑结构。同质模型下,利用全线粒体基因序列构建系统发育关系时,无论是贝叶斯法还是最大似然法都无法得出可信的系统发育关系树。异质性模型下,基于贝叶斯法表明了部分次目的单系性,仍无法得到次目间的系统发育关系。最后,本研究使用5个进化速率保守的基因(COⅠ、COⅡ、COⅢ、CYTB和ATP6)构建了长角亚目系统发育树,得出了较为可靠的系统发育关系。通过FcLM进一步分析网蚊次目、褶蚊次目和蚊次目的系统发育关系,最终基于线粒体基因组得出了长角亚目的系统发育关系为:大蚊次目+((网蚊次目+褶蚊次目)+蚊次目)+((蛾蚋次目+毛蚊次目)+短角亚目))。(4)明确了长角亚目各次目组成及相关系统发育问题。毫蚊科属于大蚊次目,颈蠓科属于蛾蚋次目,而极蚊科属于毛蚊次目。FcLM分析支持蚊次目分为两总科,奇蚋科和蚋科属于摇蚊总科。殊蠓科则为短角亚目的姐妹群。
[Abstract]:Long-horned suborder is a primitive group of Diptera, including common sanitary pests and some important crop pests. Long-horned suborder is often considered as a congener group and its phylogenetic relationship has been controversial. The phylogeny among suborders is very chaotic, and the phylogenetic position of some families is controversial. Therefore, it is very important to study the phylogenetic relationship of the suborder Longoptera for understanding the phylogenetic and evolutionary history of this group and even the whole Diptera. With the development of sequencing technology, transcriptome sequencing, as an efficient and rapid method of sequencing, promotes the study of insect phylogeny based on big data. At the same time, mitochondrial genome plays an important role in phylogenetic research, genetic diversity, species identification and biogeography because of its conserved genes and maternal heredity. At present, a large number of insect mitochondrial genomes have been determined, they are widely used in phylogenetic research. In this paper, we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of 3 families. In addition, the mitochondrial genome was sequenced. A total of 17 families were sequenced and a large number of mitochondrial genome data were obtained. On this basis, the phylogenetic relationship of long-horned suborder insects was studied in combination with the published transcriptome and mitochondrial genome sequences. The main results are as follows: (1) three transcriptional groups and 20 mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and a large number of data were obtained. For example, the transcriptome sequences of 3 families, the family Candelidae, the Ceratopogonidae, the Simuliidae, the Genidae, the Neogniidae, the Anseropteridae, the Anthropoidae, the Neogniidae, the Anseroptera, Mitochondrial genome sequences of Triphelidae and Anophelidae et al. (2) the phylogenetic relationship of long horned suborder was studied by using full transcriptome data and partial functional genomic data. Partial functional genomes play an important role in the study of phylogenetic relationships, but we still need to dig into their potential phylogenetic signals. At present, full transcriptome is the most effective way to study phylogeny. The results of the analysis of genes related to the biological process of the wing were consistent with those of the whole transcriptome. The phylogenetic relationships among the suborders are as follows: the defects in the mitochondrial genome of the suborder). (_ 3 (). (_ 3) affect the long horned suborder system. The topological structure of a developed tree. In the homogeneous model, when the phylogenetic relationship is constructed by using the whole mitochondrial gene sequence, neither Bayesian nor maximum likelihood method can obtain a credible phylogenetic tree. Under the heterogeneity model, the partial subpurpose monolith is shown based on Bayesian method, but the phylogenetic relationship between suborders can not be obtained. Finally, five genes (CO 鈪，
本文编号：2298916
[Abstract]:Long-horned suborder is a primitive group of Diptera, including common sanitary pests and some important crop pests. Long-horned suborder is often considered as a congener group and its phylogenetic relationship has been controversial. The phylogeny among suborders is very chaotic, and the phylogenetic position of some families is controversial. Therefore, it is very important to study the phylogenetic relationship of the suborder Longoptera for understanding the phylogenetic and evolutionary history of this group and even the whole Diptera. With the development of sequencing technology, transcriptome sequencing, as an efficient and rapid method of sequencing, promotes the study of insect phylogeny based on big data. At the same time, mitochondrial genome plays an important role in phylogenetic research, genetic diversity, species identification and biogeography because of its conserved genes and maternal heredity. At present, a large number of insect mitochondrial genomes have been determined, they are widely used in phylogenetic research. In this paper, we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of 3 families. In addition, the mitochondrial genome was sequenced. A total of 17 families were sequenced and a large number of mitochondrial genome data were obtained. On this basis, the phylogenetic relationship of long-horned suborder insects was studied in combination with the published transcriptome and mitochondrial genome sequences. The main results are as follows: (1) three transcriptional groups and 20 mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and a large number of data were obtained. For example, the transcriptome sequences of 3 families, the family Candelidae, the Ceratopogonidae, the Simuliidae, the Genidae, the Neogniidae, the Anseropteridae, the Anthropoidae, the Neogniidae, the Anseroptera, Mitochondrial genome sequences of Triphelidae and Anophelidae et al. (2) the phylogenetic relationship of long horned suborder was studied by using full transcriptome data and partial functional genomic data. Partial functional genomes play an important role in the study of phylogenetic relationships, but we still need to dig into their potential phylogenetic signals. At present, full transcriptome is the most effective way to study phylogeny. The results of the analysis of genes related to the biological process of the wing were consistent with those of the whole transcriptome. The phylogenetic relationships among the suborders are as follows: the defects in the mitochondrial genome of the suborder). (_ 3 (). (_ 3) affect the long horned suborder system. The topological structure of a developed tree. In the homogeneous model, when the phylogenetic relationship is constructed by using the whole mitochondrial gene sequence, neither Bayesian nor maximum likelihood method can obtain a credible phylogenetic tree. Under the heterogeneity model, the partial subpurpose monolith is shown based on Bayesian method, but the phylogenetic relationship between suborders can not be obtained. Finally, five genes (CO 鈪，
本文编号：2298916
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