中国濒危植物保护网络优化研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 14:31

【摘要】：当今,人类对植物资源的需求随着科学技术水平不断进步以及全球人口数量的持续增加而不断增长。由于我国植物资源种类的多样性以及地理分布的复杂性,加之保护力度的不足,部分植物资源已面临濒危处境,目前急需确定濒危植物分布的关键地区,找出保护空缺,优化网络布局,并提出有效的保护措施。为此,本研究主要依据《中国物种红色名录》,共选取了极危、濒危和易危植物166科3773种,利用地理信息系统(ArcGIS)空间分析技术和系统保护规划(SCP)软件(C-plan),以我国2378个行政县为基本规划单元,计算了各规划单元濒危植物保护的不可替代性值(Irrelaceability),筛选出高保护价值区,结合现有保护区分布情况找出了保护空缺,提出了三种保护网络优化方案。同时计算了保护贡献值(Ti)和保护效率值(C),对现有和优化后的保护区网络保护贡献率进行比较和评估。主要研究结论如下：(1)濒危植物在不同区域数量分布不等,山区高于平原,西南地区高于东北地区。本研究将我国陆地区域分为八个大区：西部喜马拉雅山脉区、西南横断山脉区、南部海南岛地区、东南武夷山脉—台湾山脉区、中部昆仑山脉—秦岭地区,东北大小兴安岭—长白山脉地区、西北天山山脉—阿尔泰山地区和北部祁连山—贺兰山脉地区。研究表明,西南地区濒危植物数量最多,北部地区数量最低。(2)濒危植物高保护价值覆盖区域由西南向东北递减。其中保护价值高(Sum Ir≥18.88)和较高(4.6≤Sum Ir18.88)区域主要分布在西南和南部地区,共有规划单元86个,总面积433701.09kmm2,占研究区域总面积4.57%,而西北、北部地区等保护价值偏低。不可替代性值显示,全国濒危植物种类较多的兰科(Orchidaceae)、杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)、樟科(Lauraceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、槭树科(Aceraceae)、松科(Pinaceae)主要分布在我国西南部,以云南省分布最为丰富。高保护价值(0.8≤Ir≤1.00)和较高保护价值(0.60≤Ir0.80)区域分别有规划单元142个、57个、208个、264个、197个、72个、330个和340个。(3)濒危植物保护空缺主要分布在西南地区。其中,一级保护空缺(Sum Ir≥3.00)共有46个规划单元,总面积为219819.63 km2,主要分布在云南省贡山独龙族怒族自治县和西藏自治区错那县等地区；二级保护空缺(0.45≤Sum Ir3.00)共有139个规划单元,总面积523159.36km2,主要分布在云南省云县和四川省马尔康县等地区。(4)濒危植物保护网络优化后保护效率显著提高。如将保护空缺中濒危种子植物纳入保护区,将有3648种保护对象达到保护目标,占保护对象总数96.69%,保护效率增至95%左右。(5)提出三类濒危植物保护网络优化方案。结合人类活动干扰指数与不可替代性值,本研究提出了三种保护网络优化情景方案；保护价值优先空缺保护方案,该区域主要分布在我国西部、西南部、南部、东南部和东北部等地区,共有173个规划单元,总面积699506.7km2,占研究区域总面积7.36%；抢救优先空缺保护方案,该区域主要分布在我国西南、南部和东南部等地区,共有73个规划单元,总面积186196.6 km2,占研究区域总面积的1.95%；经济避让优先空缺保护方案,该区域主要分布在我国西北部和西南部地区,共有规划单元98个,总面积513310.2 km2,占研究区域总面积5.40%。最后,根据上述研究结果提出对濒危植物的就地、迁地等一系列保护措施,以期为我国濒危植物的保护提供理论基础和科学依据。
[Abstract]:Today, human demand for plant resources continues to grow as science and technology levels continue to grow and the global population continues to grow. Due to the diversity of the species of plant resources and the complexity of the geographical distribution, and the shortage of the protection, some of the plant resources have already faced the endangered situation. At present, the key areas of the distribution of the endangered plants are urgently needed to find out the protection vacancies and optimize the network layout. and put forward effective protection measures. For this reason, according to the Red List of Chinese Species, a total of 3773 families with extremely dangerous, endangered and vulnerable plants were selected, and the geographic information system (ArcGIS) space analysis technology and system protection planning (SCP) software (C-plan) were used, and 2378 administrative counties in China were the basic planning units. The non-alternative value of the endangered plant protection of each planning unit is calculated, the high protection value area is selected, and the protection vacancy is found in combination with the distribution of the existing protection areas, and the three protection network optimization schemes are proposed. and the protection contribution value (Ti) and the protection efficiency value (C) are calculated at the same time, and the contribution ratio of the protection contribution value (Ti) and the protection efficiency value (C) is compared and evaluated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The distribution of endangered plants in different regions is different, the mountain area is higher than the plain, and the southwest is higher than the northeast. in that study, the land area of China is divide into eight regions: the western Himalayas, the south-west Hengduk mountain area, the southern Hainan island area, the southeast Wuyi mountain, the Taiwan mountain area, the central Kunlunt mountain and the Qinling area, the northeast of the northeast of the mountain area, Mount Altai area and the northern Qilian mountain area of the Qilian Mountains in the north-west mountain range. The research shows that the number of endangered plants in the southwest is the most, and the number of the northern regions is the lowest. (2) The high-protection value of the endangered plants is gradually decreased from the southwest to the northeast. The protection value is high (Sum Ir-18.88) and higher (4.6% Sum of Ir18.88). The area is mainly distributed in the southwest and south areas. There are 86 total planning units, with a total area of 433,3701. 09kmm2, accounting for 4.57% of the total area of the study area, while the protection value in the north-west and north areas is low. The non-substitutable values indicate that the species of endangered plants in the country are more species of Orchidaceae, Ericaceae, Theaceae, Lauracae, Fageraceae, Leguminosae, Aceae, and Pinaceae are mainly distributed in the southwest of China. The distribution of Yunnan is the most abundant. There are 142, 57, 208, 264, 197, 72, 330, and 340 planning units, respectively, in the areas of high protection value (0.8% Ir-1. 00) and higher protection value (0.60% Ir0. 80). (3) The main distribution of endangered plant protection is in the southwest. Among them, there are 46 planning units in the first-class protection vacancy (Sum Ir-3.00), with a total area of 2198198.63 km2, which is mainly distributed in areas such as the Gongshan-Longan autonomous county of Yunnan Province and the Mianxian County of the Tibet Autonomous Region; and there are 139 planning units in the second-level protection vacancy (0.45-Sum Ir3.00), with a total area of 523159.36km2. It is mainly distributed in Yunxian County of Yunnan Province and the area of Markang County, Sichuan Province. and (4) the protection efficiency is obviously improved after the optimization of the endangered plant protection network. If the endangered seed plants in the protection vacancy are included in the protected area, 3648 protection objects will be protected, accounting for 96.69% of the total number of protection objects, and the protection efficiency is increased to about 95%. (5) Three types of endangered plant protection network optimization schemes are proposed. in combination with that human activity disturbance index and the non-substitutable value, three protection network optimization scenario schemes are proposed, and the protection value priority vacancy protection scheme is mainly distributed in the west, south-west, south, south-east and north-east of China, and there are 173 planning units, The total area is 699506.7km2, accounting for 7.36% of the total area of the study area, and the priority vacancy protection scheme is saved. The area is mainly distributed in the southwest, south and southeast of China. There are 73 planning units, with a total area of 186196.6km2, accounting for 1.95% of the total area of the study area, and the economic avoidance priority vacancy protection scheme. The area is mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest of China, with 98 total planning units, with a total area of 513310.2km2, accounting for 5.40% of the total area of the study area. Finally, a series of protective measures for the protection of endangered plants are put forward based on the above-mentioned research results, with a view to providing the theoretical basis and scientific basis for the protection of the endangered plants in China.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q948

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