气溶胶对山地区域降水影晌的个例研究
发布时间：2019-03-19 18:50
【摘要】：山地降水是湿空气气流经过山脉时受地形强迫抬升而形成,受其上风向的平原地区的大气条件的直接影响。在我国,许多山脉上风向区域存在人类居住生活的城市,是局地人为气溶胶的主要排放源地。这些人为气溶胶的排放对其下风向的山地区域降水的影响,近年来也逐渐成为学者们关注的问题。为研究上风向的气溶胶排放对山地降水影响的机制,本文使用WRF-Chem模式对四川省2013年7月8日至9日在盆地西北部山区发生的一次强降水过程进行高分辨率的模拟,讨论了四川盆地气溶胶排放增加对此次暴雨的影响;同时也对华山及其上风向关中平原夏季降水进行了连续长时间的模拟,分析了关中平原气溶胶排放对典型的山谷风引起华山区域降水的影响。对这两个不同区域的模拟均进行了:P_ALL(同时考虑气溶胶-辐射相互关系和气溶胶-云相互关系的污染大气条件),C_ALL(同时气溶胶-辐射相互关系和气溶胶-云相互关系清洁大气条件)、P_NORAD(不考虑气溶胶-辐射相互作用的污染条件)以及C_NORAD(不考虑气溶胶-辐射相互作用的清洁条件)这四组对比模拟实验。研究发现,以黑碳为主的吸收性气溶胶(具备极强的太阳辐射吸收能力),在不同的地形条件和天气条件下,通过气溶胶-辐射作用,会对山地降水产生不同的影响结果。本文研究发现,四川盆地的气溶胶排放,在2013年7月8日至9日在盆地西北部山区发生的一次强降水过程有重要的影响,主要结论如下:1、此次降水过程主要受天气系统影响,四组模拟实验均在山地区域显示出明显的降雨带。受气溶胶-辐射作用的影响,在北川县区域,P_ALL暴雨时段累积降水超过了125mm,与观测结果相符。而其它三个方案的降水强度均不足100mm,相对于P_ALL平均减少了约40%。2、吸收性气溶胶削弱了四川盆地接收的太阳辐射能,使其地表温度降低,而大气温度却因气溶胶的加热作用而升高,这使得盆地区域的大气稳定度增加,进而导致白天在盆地区域的对流发生受到抑制。模拟结果显示,P_ALL下午14时至20时在盆地区域的降水,相对于清洁大气条件C_ALL,减少了约60%3、P_ALL下午14时至20时在盆地发生的降水受到抑制,在天气系统影响下不断输送到四川盆地区域的水汽和能量不能得到释放。没有得到释放的能量和水汽,随着不断吹向盆地西北部山区的气流向山地方向聚集,受山地抬升作用形成更强的对流和降水。相对于C_ALL等方案,P_ALL在暴雨时段累积降水增加达到20%-60%,形成了灾害性降水。对于华山夏季降水,我们发现关中平原排放的气溶胶通过气溶胶-辐射作用导致华山降水减少,研究结论如下:1、关中平原地区的人为气溶胶排放增加,导致华山区域降水减少。P_ALL条件下的华山降水相对于C_ALL华山降水减少约40%。并且,华山降水的减少主要是由于气溶胶-辐射作用导致的白天降水减少。2、模拟时段的华山降水主要受山谷风作用形成。经过分析,我们发现受气溶胶-辐射作用导致关中平原与华山之间的谷风减弱,这是导致这一时段华山白天降水减少的主要原因。关中平原吸收性气溶胶排放增加,减少了平原上空与华山顶之间的温度差异,并且降低了平原地表的温度,而这两方面最终均会导致白天谷风的形成减弱,谷风减弱达0.3m/s3、平原地区白天地表温度降低,使得地表蒸发减弱,平原上空水汽减少,结合谷风强度减弱的影响,最终使得平原向山地传输的水汽减少,到达山地区域的空气更加干燥,山顶相对湿度减少3%以上,不利于降水的形成,导致山地降水的减少。同时,山顶对流减弱,冷云降水发生减少,更进一步减少了华山降水。气溶胶通过气溶胶-辐射作用对四川暴雨和华山降水表现出截然不同的作用,主要原因可能是由于不同的降水系统的动力和热力条件不一样。四川暴雨过程对应的是蕴含大量水汽的低空季风以及四川盆地的气溶胶加热作用,而华山降水则主要由当地的局地环流导致,其局地环流受气溶胶影响减弱,进而使得山顶空气干燥,降水减少。气溶胶作为CCN可能导致华山暖云降水的减少,同时也有可能通过气溶胶激发对流效应导致降水增加,但气溶胶-云作用对本文中涉及的两种降水影响十分有限。同时,由于体积水云微物理方案参数化的限制,本文中模拟结果对气溶胶间接效应的反映存在不确定性。
[Abstract]:Mountain precipitation is a direct effect of the atmospheric conditions in the plain area where the air flow of the humid air is driven by the terrain when the air flow of the humid air passes through the mountains. In our country, there are many cities in the wind direction in many mountains, which are the main source of the local man-made aerosol. The effect of the emission of these artificial aerosols on the precipitation of the mountain area under the lower wind direction has also gradually become a concern for scholars in recent years. In order to study the mechanism of the effect of the wind direction on the precipitation of the mountain, this paper uses the WRF-Chem model to simulate the high-resolution of a strong precipitation process in the mountainous area of the northwest of the basin from 8 to 9 July 2013, The effect of the increase of aerosol emission on the heavy rain in Sichuan Basin is discussed, and the effect of aerosol discharge in Guanzhong Plain on the precipitation in Huashan area is analyzed. The simulations of these two different regions were carried out: P _ ALL (simultaneous consideration of the relationship between the aerosol-radiation and the atmospheric conditions of the aerosol-cloud relationship), C _ ALL (simultaneous aerosol-radiation relationship and the aerosol-cloud relationship to clean the atmospheric conditions), P _ NORAD (no pollution condition for aerosol-radiation interaction) and C _ NORAD (no cleaning conditions for aerosol-radiation interaction) were simulated. It has been found that, with black carbon as the main absorbing aerosol (with very strong solar radiation absorption capacity), the effect of aerosol-radiation on the precipitation of mountain area can be caused by the action of aerosol-radiation under different terrain conditions and weather conditions. The main conclusions are as follows:1. The precipitation process is mainly affected by the weather system. The four groups of simulated experiments show obvious rain-reducing zone in the mountain area. Under the influence of the action of the aerosol-radiation, the accumulated precipitation in the region of the North Sichuan and the heavy rain in the P _ ALL is more than 125 mm, which is in line with the observation. while the water-drop intensity of the other three schemes is less than 100 mm, the average decrease of about 40% with respect to P _ ALL.2, the absorption aerosol is weakened by the solar radiation energy received in the Sichuan Basin, so that the surface temperature is reduced, and the atmospheric temperature is increased due to the heating effect of the aerosol, This leads to an increase in the atmospheric stability of the basin area, which in turn leads to the suppression of the convection in the basin area during the day. The results of the simulation show that the precipitation of P _ ALL in the basin area from 14 to 20 pm is reduced by about 60%3, P _ ALL from 14 to 20 pm, and the precipitation in the basin is inhibited from 14 to 20 pm. The water vapor and energy that are continuously delivered to the region of the Sichuan Basin under the influence of the weather system cannot be released. There is no released energy and water vapor, and with the continuous blowing, the air flows in the mountainous area of the northwest of the basin are gathered in the direction of the mountain, and a stronger convection and precipitation is formed by the uplift of the mountain. Compared with C _ ALL and other schemes, the accumulated precipitation of P _ ALL in the heavy rain period reaches 20-60%, and the disastrous precipitation is formed. For the summer precipitation in Huashan, we found that the aerosol-radiation effect of the aerosol discharged from the Guanzhong Plain led to the decrease of precipitation in Huashan, and the conclusion is as follows:1. The increase of man-made aerosol in the Guanzhong plain area has led to the decrease of precipitation in Huashan area. The precipitation of Huashan in the condition of P _ ALL is reduced by about 40% with respect to the precipitation of C _ ALL. In addition, the decrease of precipitation in Huashan is mainly due to the decrease of the precipitation during the day due to the action of the aerosol-radiation. After the analysis, we find that the effect of the aerosol-radiation has led to the weakening of the valley wind between the Guanzhong Plain and the Huashan, which is the main cause of the decrease of the precipitation during the day. the emission of the absorptive aerosol in the Guanzhong plain is increased, the temperature difference between the upper part of the plain and the top of the Chinese mountain is reduced, and the temperature of the surface of the plain is reduced, and the two aspects can lead to the weakening of the formation of the valley wind during the day, the valley wind is reduced to 0.3 m/ s3, and the surface temperature in the plain area is reduced, so that the surface evaporation is reduced, the water vapor over the plain is reduced, the influence of the strength of the valley wind is reduced, the water vapor transmitted in the plain to the mountain area is reduced, the air reaching the mountain area is more dry, the relative humidity of the top of the mountain is reduced by more than 3%, and the formation of the precipitation is not favorable, Resulting in a reduction in mountain precipitation. At the same time, the convection of the top of the mountain is weakened, the precipitation of the cold cloud is reduced, and the precipitation of the Huashan is further reduced. The aerosol-radiation effect of the aerosol shows a distinct effect on the heavy rain and the precipitation of Huashan in Sichuan, and the main reason may be that the dynamic and thermal conditions of different precipitation systems are different. The rainstorm process in Sichuan is corresponding to the low-level monsoon which contains a large amount of water vapor and the aerosol heating effect of the Sichuan Basin, while the precipitation in Huashan is mainly caused by local local circulation, and the local circulation of the local circulation is weakened by the influence of the aerosol, so that the top air is dried and the precipitation is reduced. Aerosol as the CCN may lead to a reduction in the precipitation of the warm cloud in Huashan, and the effect of the aerosol-cloud effect on the two kinds of precipitation in this paper is very limited, but the effect of the aerosol-cloud on the two kinds of precipitation is very limited. At the same time, due to the limitation of the parametrization of the volume water cloud micro-physical scheme, the simulation results in this paper show the uncertainty of the indirect effect of the aerosol.
【学位授予单位】：中国气象科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P426.6;X513
本文编号：2443793
[Abstract]:Mountain precipitation is a direct effect of the atmospheric conditions in the plain area where the air flow of the humid air is driven by the terrain when the air flow of the humid air passes through the mountains. In our country, there are many cities in the wind direction in many mountains, which are the main source of the local man-made aerosol. The effect of the emission of these artificial aerosols on the precipitation of the mountain area under the lower wind direction has also gradually become a concern for scholars in recent years. In order to study the mechanism of the effect of the wind direction on the precipitation of the mountain, this paper uses the WRF-Chem model to simulate the high-resolution of a strong precipitation process in the mountainous area of the northwest of the basin from 8 to 9 July 2013, The effect of the increase of aerosol emission on the heavy rain in Sichuan Basin is discussed, and the effect of aerosol discharge in Guanzhong Plain on the precipitation in Huashan area is analyzed. The simulations of these two different regions were carried out: P _ ALL (simultaneous consideration of the relationship between the aerosol-radiation and the atmospheric conditions of the aerosol-cloud relationship), C _ ALL (simultaneous aerosol-radiation relationship and the aerosol-cloud relationship to clean the atmospheric conditions), P _ NORAD (no pollution condition for aerosol-radiation interaction) and C _ NORAD (no cleaning conditions for aerosol-radiation interaction) were simulated. It has been found that, with black carbon as the main absorbing aerosol (with very strong solar radiation absorption capacity), the effect of aerosol-radiation on the precipitation of mountain area can be caused by the action of aerosol-radiation under different terrain conditions and weather conditions. The main conclusions are as follows:1. The precipitation process is mainly affected by the weather system. The four groups of simulated experiments show obvious rain-reducing zone in the mountain area. Under the influence of the action of the aerosol-radiation, the accumulated precipitation in the region of the North Sichuan and the heavy rain in the P _ ALL is more than 125 mm, which is in line with the observation. while the water-drop intensity of the other three schemes is less than 100 mm, the average decrease of about 40% with respect to P _ ALL.2, the absorption aerosol is weakened by the solar radiation energy received in the Sichuan Basin, so that the surface temperature is reduced, and the atmospheric temperature is increased due to the heating effect of the aerosol, This leads to an increase in the atmospheric stability of the basin area, which in turn leads to the suppression of the convection in the basin area during the day. The results of the simulation show that the precipitation of P _ ALL in the basin area from 14 to 20 pm is reduced by about 60%3, P _ ALL from 14 to 20 pm, and the precipitation in the basin is inhibited from 14 to 20 pm. The water vapor and energy that are continuously delivered to the region of the Sichuan Basin under the influence of the weather system cannot be released. There is no released energy and water vapor, and with the continuous blowing, the air flows in the mountainous area of the northwest of the basin are gathered in the direction of the mountain, and a stronger convection and precipitation is formed by the uplift of the mountain. Compared with C _ ALL and other schemes, the accumulated precipitation of P _ ALL in the heavy rain period reaches 20-60%, and the disastrous precipitation is formed. For the summer precipitation in Huashan, we found that the aerosol-radiation effect of the aerosol discharged from the Guanzhong Plain led to the decrease of precipitation in Huashan, and the conclusion is as follows:1. The increase of man-made aerosol in the Guanzhong plain area has led to the decrease of precipitation in Huashan area. The precipitation of Huashan in the condition of P _ ALL is reduced by about 40% with respect to the precipitation of C _ ALL. In addition, the decrease of precipitation in Huashan is mainly due to the decrease of the precipitation during the day due to the action of the aerosol-radiation. After the analysis, we find that the effect of the aerosol-radiation has led to the weakening of the valley wind between the Guanzhong Plain and the Huashan, which is the main cause of the decrease of the precipitation during the day. the emission of the absorptive aerosol in the Guanzhong plain is increased, the temperature difference between the upper part of the plain and the top of the Chinese mountain is reduced, and the temperature of the surface of the plain is reduced, and the two aspects can lead to the weakening of the formation of the valley wind during the day, the valley wind is reduced to 0.3 m/ s3, and the surface temperature in the plain area is reduced, so that the surface evaporation is reduced, the water vapor over the plain is reduced, the influence of the strength of the valley wind is reduced, the water vapor transmitted in the plain to the mountain area is reduced, the air reaching the mountain area is more dry, the relative humidity of the top of the mountain is reduced by more than 3%, and the formation of the precipitation is not favorable, Resulting in a reduction in mountain precipitation. At the same time, the convection of the top of the mountain is weakened, the precipitation of the cold cloud is reduced, and the precipitation of the Huashan is further reduced. The aerosol-radiation effect of the aerosol shows a distinct effect on the heavy rain and the precipitation of Huashan in Sichuan, and the main reason may be that the dynamic and thermal conditions of different precipitation systems are different. The rainstorm process in Sichuan is corresponding to the low-level monsoon which contains a large amount of water vapor and the aerosol heating effect of the Sichuan Basin, while the precipitation in Huashan is mainly caused by local local circulation, and the local circulation of the local circulation is weakened by the influence of the aerosol, so that the top air is dried and the precipitation is reduced. Aerosol as the CCN may lead to a reduction in the precipitation of the warm cloud in Huashan, and the effect of the aerosol-cloud effect on the two kinds of precipitation in this paper is very limited, but the effect of the aerosol-cloud on the two kinds of precipitation is very limited. At the same time, due to the limitation of the parametrization of the volume water cloud micro-physical scheme, the simulation results in this paper show the uncertainty of the indirect effect of the aerosol.
【学位授予单位】：中国气象科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P426.6;X513
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前4条
1 王钦;曾波;龙妍妍;;2013年7月7～11日四川盆地持续性暴雨成因分析[J];安徽农业科学;2013年31期
2 屠妮妮;何光碧;张利红;;不同边界层和陆面过程参数化方案对比分析[J];高原山地气象研究;2012年03期
3 陈思宇;黄建平;付强;葛觐铭;苏婧;;气溶胶对我国中东部地区秋季降水的影响[J];热带气象学报;2012年03期
4 丁一汇;李巧萍;柳艳菊;张莉;宋亚芳;张锦;;空气污染与气候变化[J];气象;2009年03期
，本文编号：2443793
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/jckxbs/2443793.html
