政府购买公共就业服务效率研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 10:22

本文关键词： 政府购买公共就业服务配置效率技术效率制度效率　出处：《深圳大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：就业作为民生之本、安国之策,不仅是重大的经济社会问题,还是重大的政治问题。现阶段,在公共就业服务供给过程中,我国面临着公共就业服务供求不匹配、公共服务供给机制多元化、人力资源服务市场快速发展、国家大力支持发展政府购买公共服务等形势。在这种背景下,我国政府购买公共就业服务被提升到前所未有的重要地位,近年来各地先后出台相关政策制度和构建保障机制,大力推动政府购买公共就业服务发展。但随着政府购买行为的不断扩展和延伸,政府购买公共就业服务投入配置不合理、运行效率不高、绩效评价机制滞后等问题逐步凸显,亟需在政府购买服务投入管理、资源配置、制度建设等方面谋求突破。立足于这个现状,本论文围绕政府购买公共就业服务效率问题进行研究,力图为我国政府购买公共就业服务效率评估、运营建设、监督管理等提供参考借鉴。搭建科学、合理的效率分析框架是政府购买公共就业服务效率研究的基础和关键。因此,论文开篇后就运用很大篇幅,对政府购买公共就业服务效率分析框架的搭建进行理论分析。效率分析框架搭建过程主要从两个方面展开:一方面,任何政府政策的推行,其目的都是为了获得一定的政策效益,政府购买公共就业服务作为一种公共服务供给制度安排,其政策效益集中体现在资源配置效益、成本缩减效益、制度优化效益三个方面。另一方面,政府效率问题实际上是研究如何利用最少资源投入获得既定政策效益的问题,资源投入越少,政府效率越高;否则,效率越低。从而,就可以将政府购买公共就业服务效率问题,看作分析政府购买公共就业服务获得资源配置效益、成本缩减效益和制度优化效益过程中,如何实现最高效费比的问题。基于以上两个方面,论文围绕政府购买公共就业服务资源配置、成本缩减和制度优化三大效益,把政府购买公共就业服务效率划分为配置效率、技术效率、制度效率三个效率层次和组合,并以这三个效率层次和组合为基础搭建效率分析框架,对政府购买公共就业服务效率进行深入分析。在效率分析布局上,三个效率分析层次有着各自的定位和侧重。从研究视角来看,配置效率部分主要分析政府购买服务过程中的资源投入和结构,侧重于中宏观研究;技术效率部分主要分析政府购买投入与产出之间的关系,侧重于微观分析;制度效率部分贯彻政府购买服务全过程,属于中观分析范畴。从研究方法来看,配置效率和技术效率部分侧重于作一般性分析,主要从实证分析层面开展,综合运用了topsis综合评估法、数据包络分析方法(dea)、malmquist指数法、tobit法等实证分析方法;制度效率部分侧重于作特殊性分析,主要结合我国制度建设的特点特性,从规范分析层面开展。按照以上结构框架开展研究,得到主要结论如下:政府购买公共就业服务配置效率方面。从省份差异看,我国配置效率总体处于较低水平,且不同省份效率差异较大,其中人口和劳动力大省份的配置效率普遍较高,人口和劳动力数量较少省份的配置效率普遍较低。由此可看出,配置效率与各地经济发展水平和劳动力数量等因素普遍呈正向的相关关系。从地区差异看,东部地区配置效率高于中部地区,中部地区配置效率高于西部地区,这与各地区的经济发展水平状况基本相符,表明政府购买公共就业服务配置效率与经济发展水平呈较为显著的正向相关关系。政府购买公共就业服务技术效率方面。从效率水平看,政府购买公共就业服务综合技术效率偏低,均处于dea中度无效状态,且呈缓慢下降趋势,这主要由政府购买投入从事业单位向营利性机构转移过程中带来的规模效率下降引起。总体而言中部地区效率高于东部地区,东部地区效率普遍高于西部地区。从效率变动趋势看,全要素生产率总体呈递增趋势,增长的主要动力来自以远程教育培训普及为代表的就业培训技术进步,以及就业培训服务机构管理运营水平提升等,而且经济落地地区全要素生产率赶超经济发达地区的趋势明显。从效率影响因素看,政府购买公共就业服务技术效率与人均gdp、市场化水平、地方政府财力呈正相关关系,与劳动力素质、城镇居民失业率、人口流动性呈负相关关系,与城镇化率的相关关系不明显。政府购买公共就业服务制度效率方面。从制度理论看,政府购买公共就业服务作为一种公共服务供给制度设计,其制度效率的实现应该以能够实现相应配置效率和技术效率为标准,从契约理论的角度可以证明,政府购买公共服务制度可以通过合理的制度设计和安排,实现配置效率和技术效率。从制度实践看,政府购买公共就业服务需要建立在一定的制度环境条件基础之上,在运行过程中存在一定的潜在制度风险。与之相对照,我国政府购买公共就业服务制度存在着明显的制度缺失,主要表现为缺乏有力的法律制度保障、规范的效率评估制度、可持续的政府购买投入机制、科学的人力资源市场政策性扶持制度、完善的监督管理制度等。结合全文分析结论,论文围绕我国政府购买公共就业服务发展存在的问题和不足,从转变政府治理理念、明确政府职能定位,做好财政投入规划、建立可持续政府购买投入机制,加强区域就业服务资源整合、推动政府购买公共服务均衡协调发展,大力扶持发展人力资源服务产业、提升市场承接服务水平,深入推进配套制度改革、建立健全政府监督管理体系等五个方面提出对策建议。
[Abstract]:Employment is the people's livelihood, it is not only an economic and social problem, is a major political issue. At this stage, in the public employment service supply process, China is facing a public employment service supply and demand does not match the diversification of public service supply mechanism, the rapid development of the human resources service market, the state vigorously support the development of government purchase the public service situation. In this context, China's government purchase of public employment service is promoted to an important position in recent years the country has hitherto unknown, the introduction of relevant policies and system construction of guarantee mechanism, vigorously promote the government purchase of public employment service development. But with the government purchasing behavior of the expansion and extension of the unreasonable allocation of government investment the purchase of public employment service, operating efficiency is not high, lag performance evaluation mechanism gradually highlight the need in the investment management of government procurement of services, The allocation of resources, to seek a breakthrough in system construction. Based on this situation, this thesis carries on the research to buy public employment service efficiency on the government, to purchase evaluation, the public employment service efficiency for our government to provide a reference for the construction and operation, supervision and management. To build a scientific, reasonable framework of efficiency analysis is the foundation and key of purchase the public employment service efficiency of the government. Therefore, the paper begins after use great space, the efficiency analysis framework to build a theoretical analysis of government purchase of public employment service. Efficiency analysis framework to build process mainly from two aspects: on the one hand, any government policy, the purpose is to obtain certain benefits of the policy and as a public service supply system of government purchase of public employment services, the policy benefits embodied in the resource allocation efficiency, cost reduction Reduction efficiency, system optimization benefit three aspects. On the other hand, the efficiency of government is actually to study how to use the least resources to obtain policy effectiveness, less resources, government efficiency is high; otherwise, the lower the efficiency. Thus, it can be the government purchase of public employment service efficiency, as the analysis the government purchases of public employment services for resource allocation efficiency, reduce the cost and benefit system optimization process, how to achieve the most efficient cost problem. Based on the above two aspects, the government purchase of public services is the allocation of resources, optimizing the efficiency of the three reduction and the cost of the system, the government purchase of public employment service efficiency is divided into configuration efficiency, technical efficiency, system efficiency of three efficiency level and combination, and the three efficiency level and combined to build efficiency analysis framework of government purchase The in-depth analysis total employment service efficiency. The efficiency analysis of the layout, the three level is efficiency analysis and focus on their respective positions. From the point of view of research, analysis of some of the major resources allocation efficiency and structure of the government purchase of services in the process, focusing on the macro research; technical efficiency of part of the main analysis of the relationship between government purchase of inputs and output, focus on micro analysis; system efficiency is part of the implementation of government purchase service the whole process, belongs to the category of meso analysis. From the research methods, allocation efficiency and technical efficiency focuses on the analysis of general, mainly from the empirical level development, the integrated use of the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method, the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA), Malmquist index method, Tobit empirical analysis method; system efficiency focuses on special analysis, combined with the characteristics of the main characteristics of China's system construction, from Normative analysis carried out. According to the above research framework, the main conclusions are as follows: the government purchase of public employment service allocation efficiency. From different provinces, the overall allocation efficiency of our country is at a low level, and the efficiency differences between different provinces, the provinces of population and labor allocation efficiency is generally high, the number of population and labor few provinces allocation efficiency is generally low. This can be seen, the allocation efficiency and around the level of economic development and the amount of labor and other factors generally showed a positive correlation. From regional difference, the eastern region allocation efficiency is higher than that of the central region, the central region allocation efficiency is higher than the western region, this situation is consistent with the economic development of different areas the level showed a positive correlation significant allocation efficiency and economic development level of government purchase of public employment service of government purchase. Public employment service technical efficiency. From the level of efficiency, low efficiency of integrated technology services of government purchase of public employment, are in the moderate DEA invalid, and decreased slowly, the purchase by the government investment transfer process to bring the scale efficiency decreases from institutions to for-profit institutions. The overall efficiency is higher than the central region the eastern region, the eastern region is generally higher than the efficiency in the western region. From the efficiency change trend, TFP showed increasing trend overall, the main engine of growth from the popularity of distance education and training as a representative of the technological progress and employment training, employment training services to enhance the level of management and operation, and economic landing area TFP catch-up economic development the trend is obvious. From the factors influencing the efficiency, efficiency and government purchase of public employment service technology gdp, The level of the market, local government financial resources are positively related with the quality of the labor force, the unemployment rate of urban residents, there was a negative correlation between the population mobility, correlation and the urbanization rate is not obvious. The government purchases of public employment service system efficiency. From the system theory, as a public service supply system design of government purchase of public employment the system of service, the realization of efficiency should be able to achieve the corresponding allocation efficiency and technical efficiency as the standard, from the perspective of contract theory can prove that the government purchase of public service system by reasonable system design and arrangement, realize the allocation efficiency and technical efficiency. From the system of practice, you need to be based on some basic conditions of institutional environment the government purchases of public employment service system, there are potential risks in the operation process. By contrast, China's government purchase of public employment service There is a clear lack of system system, mainly for the lack of legal support, regulate the efficiency of the evaluation system, the government purchase sustainable investment mechanism, scientific policy of human resource market support system, improve the supervision and management system. Combined with the analysis results, the focus on the development of China's government purchase of public employment service the problems and shortcomings, from the transformation of government management concept, clear positioning of government functions, good financial investment planning, the establishment of government purchase sustainable investment mechanism, strengthening regional employment service resource integration, promote the balanced development of the government purchase of public services, and vigorously support the development of the human resource service industry, enhance the market service level, to further promote the reform of the supporting system and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to establish and perfect the government supervision and management system in five aspects.

【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2

【参考文献】