英语合取类并列结构的生成研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 03:14

  本文关键词：英语合取类并列结构的生成研究　出处：《延边大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 并列结构 并列连词 并列项 线性结构 层级结构 生成机制

【摘要】：作为一种被广泛使用的语法组合手段,并列也是句法测试中的常用工具。然而自身却与现有语法理论"格格不入"。由于构造简单也未得到应有的重视,学界对其进行的专门的、系统的研究并不多。更有甚者,将并列结构视为生成语法理论体系内的反例认为从生成角度对并列结构的研究是以己之长攻己之短而刻意进行回避。在生成语法体系内,国内外对合取类并列的研究成果大都基于二项式名词性并列的相关语料,且忽略了并列结构句中存在的"双层结构"特性,要么过于看重并列项之间的限制关系,割裂地对并列结构进行分析;要么过于看重单个并列项与句中其他成分间的关系,而无视并列结构的整体性。因此,学界对并列结构的限制条件和并列连词and的句法地位等产生了诸多争议,对并列结构的语法属性及形态句法特征也未作出合理解答以至于对并列结构的生成模式多停留在假设阶段,不能达成共识。鉴于此本文将研究范围从合取类的二项式名词并列延伸至二项式和三项式名词并列以及二项式动词并列,并潜在地将语言间合取类并列结构的差异及共性作为参照点,尝试在生成语法最简方案的理论框架内重新思考并定位并列结构。同时,将三组对立贯穿在全文的分析过程中:1)并列结构的内部与外部;2)并列与非并列;3)线性结构关系与层级结构关系。通过寻求线性结构关系和层级结构关系之间的链接点,明晰并列结构的限制条件、并列结构的语法属性以及并列结构与非并列结构(简单结构和从属结构)在句法层面存在的差异,从而明确并列结构的生成机理、相应的生成模式和运作机制。文章主体包括三部分:第四章并列结构的内部关系、第五章并列结构的外部关系和第六章并列结构的生成模式。其中,第四章和第五章同属线性关系的分析范围,第六章则重在层级关系。三个章节具体的分析角度涵盖以下三方面:1)并列项之间的关系。并非所有的语言单位都能自由合并生成并列结构。若要成为并列连词and两侧的并列项,必然需要满足一系列的限制条件。而这些限制条件如何体现在并列的线性结构关系和层级结构关系中,这是本文分析的一个出发点。2)并列项与并列连词and之间的关系。该层面的分析聚焦于:哪个要素能够成为并列结构"C1 and C2"的核心,是唯一的并列连词还是某一并列项?这其中涉及并列结构的内部合并方式和and在线性结构和层级结构中的句法功能。3)并列项与并列结构之间的关系。这一角度主要探析并列结构的语法属性、所携带的形态句法特征及其来源。本文的主要发现如下:1)并列结构是"求同存异"的结构体,"求同存异"的特征组构是并列结构的限制条件。"求同"在于并列项的语义类型、携带的语法特征及其在层级结构中所处的句法位置。"存异"在于并列项携带的语义特征和所处的句法层级。2)明确了并列连词and的句法功能:其一是借助强制性空位,提供并列的基本结构框架;其二是借助共享特征和共享成分,使进入空位的并列项呈现出"求同存异"的特性;其三是and作为提取并列项所携带特征的指令,使并列项位置被无限制复制。3)指出并列结构的生成源于并列的递归功能。任何一个XP皆可无限递归,递归的方式之一便是添加CoP对自身进行复制,CoP改写为Co和另一个XP。在XP的无限递归过程中,并列连词[Coand]是传递特征的通道,将C2的特征传递给C1,乃至整个并列结构。andDP的语义类型为e,e,e,andVp的语义类型为et,et,ett.也就是说,并列结构的语义类型与单个并列项相同,并列连词and并不改变并列结构的语法属性。基于上述发现,本文提出了并列结构的生成模式,模式具有以下特点:1)位于最低层级的Co必须语音实现为and,其他层级的Co可选择性实现为and。2)所有并列项的根节点相同,姊妹节点同为CoP。3)该模式中运用的句法操作手段为复制,并列的生成过程是句法位置的无限复制过程。占据每个位置的并列项XP1、XP2、XP3...XPn是XP的形式复制品,它们携带"求同存异"的形式特征,在句法上同质,不同的则是语音形式和语义内容。同时,本文解决了并列结构中存在的成分外置问题、多项式并列的合并分组与多重语义问题、too的分布问题以及不同类型副词的位置问题。
[Abstract]:As a widely used grammatical combination, parallel is also a common tool in syntactic testing. However, it is "incompatible" with the existing grammar theory. Because the structure is simple and not received due attention, the academic field of special and systematic research on it is not much. What's more, the parallel structure is regarded as a counterexample in the generative grammar theory system. It is considered that the research on the coordinate structure from the generative angle is to avoid it with the aim of attacking its own length and deliberately avoiding it. In the generative grammar system, the domestic and foreign research results on parallel corpus are conjunctive category noun coordinate based on binomial, and ignore the sentence parallel structure in the presence of "double structure" characteristics, either too much restrictions on parallel relationships between items, separately carries on the analysis to the structure and column; too much or other the single component items in the sentence, while ignoring the parallel structure integrity. Therefore, scholars had a lot of controversy restrictions on parallel structure are used with and syntactic position, the grammatical attributes and morphosyntactic features of parallel structure also did not make a reasonable answer to that mode of generating parallel structure stays in the hypothesis stage, can not reach a consensus. This paper will study the class of conjunctive nouns from binomial binomial and parallel extended to three nouns and verbs are binomial tied, and potentially the language class conjunctive parallel structure differences and similarities as a reference point, try to rethink the positioning and coordinate structure in the framework of generative grammar in the minimalist program. At the same time, the three sets of opposites run through the analysis process of the whole text: 1) the internal and external structures of the parallel structure; 2) the parallel and non juxtaposition; 3) the relationship between the linear structure and the hierarchical structure. By seeking linear structural relations and hierarchical structure relationship links, clear constraints, parallel coordinate structure grammar property and parallel structure and non parallel structure (simple structure and subordinate structure) differences in syntactic level exist, so as to clear the parallel mechanism, structure of the corresponding generation mode and operation mechanism. The main body of the article consists of three parts: the fourth chapter, the internal relations of the parallel structure, the external relations of the fifth chapters of the parallel structure and the generation mode of the parallel structure in the sixth chapters. Among them, the fourth and fifth chapters are of the same linear relationship, and the sixth chapter emphasizes the hierarchy. The three sections of the analysis cover the following three aspects: 1) the relationship between the parallel items. Not all linguistic units are free to merge into a parallel structure. It is necessary to satisfy a series of restrictive conditions to become a parallel conjunction on both sides of the conjunctive conjunction and. How these constraints are reflected in the parallel linear structure and the hierarchical structure, which is a starting point for the analysis of this article. 2) the relationship between the paratactic term and the conjunctions and. The level of analysis focused on core elements which can be "C1 and C2" parallel structure, is the only conjunctions or a list together? That involves a parallel structure with internal mode and and syntactic function in the linear structure and hierarchical structure in. 3) the relationship between the juxtaposition and the parallel structure. This angle mainly analyzes the grammatical attributes of the parallel structure, the morphological and syntactic features carried by the juxtaposition and its source. The main findings of this paper are as follows: 1) the parallel structure is the structure of "seeking common ground and saving differences", and the characteristic structure of "seeking common differences" is the restrictive condition of the parallel structure. "Accommodationist" is conjunct semantic types, grammatical features and the carry in the hierarchy of syntactic position. The difference is that the items carried by the semantic features and the syntactic level. 2) a clear parallel syntactic function and: one is the mandatory vacancy, provide the basic framework of parallel; the second is with the features of sharing and sharing components into the open items showing a "common ground" character; the third is and as extraction and items carried by the characteristics of the instruction, make the items the location is unrestricted copying. 3) point out that the generation of the parallel structure is derived from the parallel recursive function. Any XP can be recursively recursively, and one of the ways of recursion is to add CoP to itself, and to rewrite CoP to Co and another XP. In the infinite recursive process of XP, the parallel conjunction [Coand] is the channel of transmitting the feature, which passes the features of the C2 to the C1 and even the whole parallel structure. The semantic types of andDP are e, e, e and andVp. The semantic types are et, et and ett.. That is to say, the semantic type of the parallel structure is the same as the single parallel item. The coordinate conjunction and does not change the grammatical attribute of the coordinate structure. Based on the above findings, this paper proposes the generation mode of the parallel structure. The pattern has the following characteristics: 1) the Co at the lowest level must be and, and Co at other levels can be selectively realized as and. 2) the root nodes of all the parallel items are the same, and the sister nodes are CoP. 3) the syntactic operation used in this model is duplicated, and the generation process of the parallel is an infinite copy process of the syntactic position. XP1, XP2 and XP3 are the juxtaposed items of each location. XPn is a form replica of XP. They carry the form characteristics of "seeking common ground while reserving differences", syntactic homogeneity, and different forms of speech and semantic content. At the same time, this paper solves the problem of component outlay in the parallel structure, the merging and grouping of polynomials, multiple semantic problems, the distribution of too and the location of different adverbs.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H314.3
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本文编号：1340009