康定斯基抽象艺术理论及其对现代设计理念的影响

发布时间：2017-12-31 07:22

本文关键词：康定斯基抽象艺术理论及其对现代设计理念的影响　出处：《山东大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：瓦西里·康定斯基((?),1866—1944)是出生于俄罗斯的抽象主义画家和艺术理论家。他是二十世纪西方现代抽象主义绘画的奠基人,是现代艺术革命的先锋,也是"世界现代设计的摇篮"——德国包豪斯学院最重要的"形式大师"之一。康定斯基最突出的艺术成就集中在他的抽象艺术理论方面:《论艺术的精神》一书被誉为现代抽象艺术的"圣经"和"启示录",《点·线·面》被奉为"形式美学的名著"等等。它们对现代抽象绘画和现代设计均产生了广泛而深远的影响。他的抽象艺术理论以"内在需要"为基本原则,其主要审美特征是"主体性"和"表现性"。目前,中国设计遭遇了"中国制造"的瓶颈,创造力不足的问题困扰着设计界。人们掀起了重新审视、借鉴"包豪斯"现代设计理念的热潮。康定斯基作为"包豪斯"重要的一员,他的抽象艺术理论及其对现代设计理念的影响值得结合时代精神进行梳理。本文希望在对其历史价值、现实意义和理论局限的探讨中抛砖引玉,为中国当代设计问题的解决带来一定的思考。本文主要包含绪论、主体和结语三大部分。绪论主要是对选题背景、研究现状综述以及研究方法、研究目的和创新之处三个部分进行了论述和说明。第一部分首先阐明本文与已有的康定斯基相关研究的最大不同之处:本文是从绘画与设计的跨学科视野出发,研究康定斯基的抽象艺术理论与现代设计理念的关系及其对现代设计理念的影响。其次,概述研究对象康定斯基的背景和主要艺术成就。第二部分分类详细介绍目前本研究的国内外现状。国内外研究成果主要集中在他对现代绘画理念和实践的影响方面,与本文相近的专题研究比较薄弱。虽然还有一些与本研究相关的论断颇有见地,但是常散见于设计类、美学类、设计美学类以及包豪斯丛书等著作之中。就国外研究现状而言,俄罗斯近年来越来越重视对康定斯基的全面研究,西方一些国家也加大了对包豪斯学院进行研究和系统梳理的力度,其中对康定斯基与"包豪斯"及现代设计的关系研究也在逐渐深入。就国内研究成果而论,设计和美学领域的专家、学者们已然意识到了康定斯基的重要地位和影响,但是相关专项、系统研究还有待加强。第三部分概述本文的研究方法、研究目的和创新之处,阐述本文的理论和应用价值。第一章探讨康定斯基抽象艺术理论的美学渊源。首先剖析了康定斯基抽象艺术理论产生的文化艺术背景。俄罗斯文化艺术对康定斯基的精神滋养,启发着他的抽象艺术思维,成为他的创作母题、形式和风格的重要源泉。西方现代绘画流变的冲击和积淀,引发了康定斯基抽象艺术及其理论从内在精神到外在形式的全面革命,推动着他的艺术实现了由具象到抽象的本质跨越。文化审美的滋养是深入骨髓的,绘画流变的冲击则为他的抽象艺术变革积蓄着形式和精神的力量,它们的合力共同催生了康定斯基的抽象艺术理论。其次,挖掘了康定斯基抽象艺术理论的美学思想渊源。康德关于"美"的本质的主观论、"自由"精神及其"理性神学"的思想,启迪着康定斯基关于艺术之"美"的"主体性"思考以及理性形式的思辨。黑格尔思想体系中处于首要地位的"理念"和"精神",被康定斯基发展成为"内在精神"是艺术的灵魂所在的核心抽象艺术理念。尼采关于"意志主体"、"酒神精神"的思想以及社会巨变的预言,助推康定斯基艺术精神"主体性"的凸显和对物象的消弭。他企望通过艺术重建新时代的精神之塔。康定斯基对于柏格森、克罗齐"生命哲学"及其核心概念"直觉"与"表现"成果的吸收,促使他将"艺术形式的根源"诉诸于直觉的选择,从而创造出心灵直觉化的"表现性"视觉构图,使现代主义的"表现"概念具有了"生命本体的根基"。神智学的"神秘主义"以及关于自然和宇宙法则的构造理念等促生着康定斯基的抽象形式及其构成理念,加速着他的艺术抽象化进程。德国沃林格感受到了现代艺术中抽象审美的萌动,以《抽象与移情》一书论证了艺术由移情审美走向抽象审美的变奏。他的"直觉"、"表现"和"抽象"被康定斯基发展成为"表现性抽象"和"构成性抽象"的合体。这成为康定斯基抽象艺术理论的主要美学特征,深刻影响着20世纪现代艺术和设计的美学进程及审美理念。第二章探讨康定斯基的抽象艺术理论及其变革指向,思考他究竟为现代设计理念贡献了哪些方面的变革成果。这是以他的抽象艺术理论为基础系统梳理其主要内容和变革的重要部分。经研究后发现,他的抽象艺术变革内容主要体现在以下四个方面:抽象视觉语言体系的建构,"结构性"造型变革,构成理念的审美精神嬗变,以及艺术综合观的美学前瞻性。他用脱离了对物象的依附性,具有艺术家主体意志的点、线、面和色彩语言完成了对抽象艺术视觉语言体系的建构;他用"结构性"的造型方式颠覆了古典艺术的造型观和审美观,造型由立体走向平面;他以"内在需要"为基本原则的构成理念彻底变革了整个构图平面,审美精神发生了"质"的嬗变;艺术综合观对学科跨界的提倡,为普适性和国际性艺术语言的探索开拓了新的思路,有助于实现艺术和媒介的综合,丰富审美形式,其美学前瞻性意义重大。他的抽象艺术理论在这四个方面的变革成果成为了由传统设计步入现代设计的重要阶梯,对现代设计理念产生了巨大影响。第三章进入本文的核心——康定斯基抽象艺术理论的变革成果对现代设计理念的影响究竟何在?首先,通过对康定斯基在"现代设计教育的诞生地"——包豪斯学院的核心地位以及他对现代设计基础课程体系的奠基作用的阐述,来说明和佐证他对现代设计教育教学和现代设计理念的深刻影响。其次,康定斯基抽象艺术理论的"主体性"原则对于培养学生"创造力"的现代设计教学理念的确立功不可没,它所带来的"原创精神"也成为了现代设计最重要的理念和特征。"主体性"赋予了产品"有意味"的精神价值,有助于实现产品实用功能与精神价值的完美统一。"主体性"原则将现代设计的"创造性"理念推至高峰。再者,康定斯基的重要贡献之一便是把现代设计推向平面审美。他的平面形式美学推动着现代设计"艺术与技术新的统一"理念的实现,打破了艺术与生活的壁垒。最后,康定斯基的构成理念孕育着现代设计的抽象思维模式,它成为了现代设计的基本思维方式。可以说,康定斯基改变了设计语言形式、造型方式及构成理念,塑造了新的设计思维模式和创造手段,它们成为了现代设计理念的"脊髓"。这些变革成果在历史的长河中逐渐积淀成为"新"的艺术传统,现代设计既由此发展而来又沿此传承下去,设计审美观也因此发生了翻天覆地的变化,并有可能成为"最持久的艺术传统"。第四章进一步从康定斯基抽象艺术理论对现代设计实践的影响入手,着重从以下两个方面进行研究:一、康定斯基抽象艺术理论对世界现代设计实践的影响。他的抽象艺术理论在世界现代设计领域得到广泛传播,影响着多个国家的现代设计实践。二、康定斯基抽象艺术理论对中国现代设计实践的影响。这种影响主要体现在对中国设计"现代性"的推进、与中国传统艺术中"抽象性"的审美互补以及推动着中国现代绘画与设计的审美融合等等。第五章综合评述康定斯基现代设计思想具有怎样的美学价值和理论局限。它的美学价值主要包括以下三点:一、"内在精神"成为现代设计形式的"意味",丰富了现代设计的审美意象和原创精神;二、康定斯基以"音乐性"的设计语言形式推动西方美学语言的转向,新的设计语言形式产生并带来新的审美理想和审美体验;三、康定斯基的抽象艺术理论促进了构成主义美学与现代设计理念的结合,有助于实现设计审美的本质表达以及媒介审美形式的多样化发展。理论局限主要为:一、康定斯基的现代设计美学思想陷入多重悖论,其解决方法仍需继续探索;二、康定斯基的设计形式与"内在精神"之间相互转化的矛盾尚待调和。结语部分重点回答两个问题:一、康定斯基抽象艺术理论对于现代设计理念的价值何在。这是对全文的总结。他抽象艺术理论的"内在精神"革命以及由此而引发的抽象视觉语言体系、造型观念、构成理念等系列革命,促生着现代设计理念,推动设计在变革中由"古典"走向"现代",奠基了现代设计发展的基本方向。二、展望康定斯基抽象艺术理论对于中国当代设计的意义,旨在抛出引玉之砖,希望能够结合时代精神发掘康定斯基现代设计理念中的智慧和闪光点,同时也看到其中的不足,为中国当代设计走向"中国创造"、"中国智造"的设计转型带来新的思考和启示。
[Abstract]:Vasily Kandinsky ((?), 1866 - 1944) is a Russian born abstract painter and art theorist. He is the founder of the twentieth Century western modern abstract painting, is a pioneer of modern art revolution, "the world is the cradle of modern design" -- Germany Bauhaus school the most important form of "master" is one of the most prominent Kandinsky. The artistic achievement focused on his abstract art theory: "on the spirit of art" a book known as the modern abstract art "Bible" and "Revelation", "point line plane" was regarded as a form of "aesthetic masterpiece" and so on. They are modern abstract painting and modern design are produced a broad and far-reaching impact. His abstract art theory in "internal needs" as the basic principle, the main aesthetic characteristics of "subjectivity" and "performance". At present, China design suffered a "bottleneck Chinese manufacturing", creativity The problems plaguing the design world. People set off again, from the "Bauhaus" concept of modern design. The upsurge of Kandinsky as an important member of the Bauhaus ", his abstract art theory and its influence on modern design theory is combined with the spirit of the times. This paper analyzed in the hope of its historical value, a discussion of reality the significance and limitation of some thinking to solve the problem. China contemporary design mainly includes the introduction, main body and conclusion of three parts. The introduction is mainly about the background, the present research and the research methods, the three part of the research purpose and innovation are discussed. The first part of the study of Kandinsky this paper first expounded and the biggest difference is: This paper starting from a multidisciplinary perspective of painting and design, abstract art of Kandinsky The relationship between theory and modern design concept and its influence on the modern design concept. Secondly, the background and the main research object of Kandinsky's artistic achievement summary. The second part introduces the classification of the status quo at home and abroad in this study. The research results at home and abroad mainly focus on his influence on modern painting idea and practice, this paper studies and similar relatively weak. Although there are some opinions relevant to this research conclusion quite often, but scattered in design, aesthetics, design aesthetics and Bauhaus books and other writings. The foreign research current situation, Russia in recent years more and more attention to the comprehensive study on Kandinsky, some western countries have increased the research and the systematic analysis of Bauhaus efforts, which study on the relationship between Kandinsky and the "Bauhaus" and modern design in the country is gradually deepening. In terms of research results, experts in the field of design and aesthetics, scholars have realized the important status and influence of Kandinsky, but the special research system, and needs to be strengthened. The third part summarizes the research methods, research purposes and innovations, this paper expounds the theoretical and practical value. The first chapter discusses the origin of Kandinsky's aesthetics abstract art theory. First analyzes Kandinsky abstract art theory cultural and artistic background. The spiritual nourishment of Russian culture art of Kandinsky, inspired his abstract art thought, as his motif, an important source of the form and style of the modern western painting. The impact of rheology and accumulation, which caused Kandinsky abstract art and its theory from the inner spirit to form a total revolution to promote his art is realized from the concrete to the abstract nature of cross culture. The aesthetic is the nourishment of the well ingrained the impact of rheological, painting for his abstract art form and spirit of the transformation of savings strength, they together gave birth to Kandinsky's abstract art theory. Secondly, the aesthetic thought of mining source Kandinsky abstract art theory. Kant's "beauty" of the nature of the subjective theory, "free the spirit of" and "rational theology" thought, enlightenment of Kandinsky about the art of the "beauty" of the "subjectivity" thinking and rational thinking. The form is at the most important position in Hagel's ideological system of "idea" and "spirit", developed by Kandinsky as the "inner spirit" is the soul of art is the core of abstract art Nietzsche's philosophy. "The will of the subject", "Dionysian spirit" and the idea of social upheaval prophecy, boost Kandinsky's artistic spirit "subjectivity" highlights of the images and eliminate. He hope through art Surgical reconstruction of the spirit of the new era. The tower of Kandinsky for Bergson, Croce "philosophy of life" and the core concept of "intuition" and "expression" results of absorption, prompted him to "root" of the art form to resort to intuitive choice, thus creating a spiritual intuitive "performance" visual composition, make modernism the concept of "performance" is the foundation of life ontology. Theosophical mysticism and on the nature and law of the universe from a tectonic concept of Kandinsky's abstract form and constitute a concept, accelerate the artistic abstraction process. He Wolinge Germany felt the sprout of modern art in the abstract aesthetic, to < > Abstract andempathy book demonstrates the art aesthetic trend of aesthetic empathy by the abstract variations. His "intuition", "performance" and "abstract" developed by Kandinsky as "expressive abstraction" and "form of abstraction" that fit. Become the main aesthetic characteristics of Kandinsky abstract art theory, a profound impact on modern art and design in twentieth Century the aesthetic process and aesthetic philosophy. The second chapter discusses the abstract art theory of Kandinsky and its reform direction, thinking he contributed what changes to the results exactly the idea of modern design. This is an important part in his abstract art theory system combing the main content and change. The study found that his abstract art change mainly reflected in the following four aspects: the construction of abstract visual language system, the "structural" shape change, aesthetic spirit and artistic evolution constitute a concept, comprehensive view of aesthetics. He used prospective out of dependence on the object the artists will have, point, line, surface and color language to complete the construction of abstract art visual language system; he used the "structural" Other ways to subvert the classical art style and aesthetic values from other stereo to plane; he "needs" as the basic principle of the constitution concept revolutionized the whole composition plane, the "quality" of the evolution of the aesthetic spirit of art; comprehensive view of advocating for cross discipline, opened up a new way for exploration universal and international art language, comprehensive help art and media, rich aesthetic form, the meaning of beauty of prospective major. His abstract art theory transformation results in these four aspects has become an important step from the traditional design into the modern design, have great influence on the modern design idea enter the core of the paper. The third chapter -- influence of Kandinsky's abstract art theory revolution achievements on the modern design idea of what exactly? First of all, according to Kandinsky in "the birthplace of modern design education" The core position of Bauhaus and how he foundation role to modern design based curriculum system, and to explain the evidence of his profound influence on modern design education and modern design concepts. Secondly, Kandinsky's abstract art theory "subjectivity" principle for the establishment of modern design concept of teaching to cultivate students "creativity". No, it brings the "original spirit" has become the most important modern design ideas and characteristics. The "subjectivity" gives the product a "meaningful" spiritual value, helps to achieve the perfect unity of pragmatic and spiritual value of the products. The "subjectivity" principle of modern design "creative" the idea is pushed to the peak. Moreover, one of the most important contribution of Kandinsky is to put modern design into the plane. His aesthetic plane form aesthetics to promote modern design art and technology in the new unified "concept Realize, art and life broke barriers. Finally, a concept of Kandinsky gave birth to the modern design of abstract thinking mode, it has become the basic way of thinking of modern design. It can be said that Kandinsky changed the design form of the language, style and form ideas, and create a new design thinking and creative means, they become the modern design idea of the "spinal cord". These changes result in the long history of accumulation gradually become the "new" artistic tradition, modern design is thus evolved and along this heritage, design aesthetics have undergone great changes and turn the world upside down, could become the most lasting artistic traditions. "Fourth from the influence of Kandinsky chapter further abstract art theory on modern design practice with focuses on the following two aspects: first, Kandinsky's abstract art theory to the modern world. Considering the effect of practice. His abstract art theory has been widely spread in the world of modern design, modern design affects the practice of many countries. Two, the influence of Kandinsky on modern abstract art theory China design practice. This effect is mainly reflected in the design of China "Modernity" in advance, and China traditional art "abstract" aesthetic complementary and pushed China modern painting and design aesthetic fusion and so on. In the fifth chapter, a comprehensive review of Kandinsky modern design thought has what kind of aesthetic value and theoretical limitations. Its aesthetic value mainly includes the following three points: first, the "inner spirit" has become a modern design in the form of "means" rich the aesthetic image and original spirit of modern design; two, Kandinsky to "design language form of music" to promote western aesthetic language, design new language form and bring The new aesthetic ideal and aesthetic experience; three, Kandinsky's abstract art theory to promote the combination of aesthetics and modern design concept, is helpful to realize the essence of design expression of aesthetic and diversified media aesthetic form development. Theoretical limitations: first, the modern design aesthetics of Kandinsky into multiple solutions of the paradox. Still need to continue to explore; two, the contradiction between the mutual transformation of design form of Kandinsky and the "inner spirit" has yet to be reconciled. The conclusion part mainly answers two questions: first, what is the value in Kandinsky's abstract art theory for modern design. This is a summary of the full text. His abstract art theory "inner spirit" the revolution as well as the abstract visual language system, modeling concepts, ideas constitute a series of revolution, promoting modern design concept, designed to promote the transformation from the ancient " Code "to" modern ", the foundation of the basic direction of the development of modern design. Two, the prospect of Kandinsky abstract art theory for China contemporary design, to throw the bait, hoping to combine the spirit of the times of Kandinsky to explore the modern design concepts of wisdom and flash points, but also see the shortcomings, for Chinese contemporary design trends Chinese", "create Chinese made" the design transformation has brought new thinking and enlightenment.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J501

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