埃及科普特人研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 17:28

  本文关键词：埃及科普特人研究　出处：《郑州大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 埃及 科普特人 科普特正教会 科普特问题

【摘要】：科普特人是埃及的少数民族,也是中东地区最大的基督教群体。20世纪70年代以来,科普特人与穆斯林关系趋于紧张,科普特问题成为埃及社会发展不可回避的突出问题,也成为国外学界研究的热点。厘清科普特人的历史概貌,是研究科普特人的基本前提。科普特人的历史变迁、科普特正教会的演变、科普特问题的嬗变以及科普特人的民族与国家认同是研究科普特人的四个重要问题。公元1世纪基督教传入埃及后被埃及土著人口很快接受,亚历山大科普特正教会是早期基督教五大教会之一,具有殉教、与异端的斗争以及修道院制度三大特征。与埃及神话的契合和埃及民族主义的萌发是早期基督教在埃及迅速传播的主要原因。科普特人为坚守其基督教一性论信仰付出了沉重的代价。穆斯林诸封建王朝时期,科普特人处于迪米人地位,面临着种种歧视,科普特人数不断下降,逐渐沦为埃及的少数人口。奥斯曼帝国时期,科普特世俗精英在埃及当局中人数较多,出现了所谓的科普特人“公务员王朝”。科普特世俗精英影响力超过了科普特正教会,不断对后者发起挑战。埃及近现代时期,穆罕默德·阿里王朝的改革导致科普特人大地主大实业家的产生,科普特人新的身份认同逐渐形成。作为对现代化的回应,科普特正教会在强化集权、清除偶像崇拜、推广现代教育等方面开启了复兴改革,科普特人世俗精英与正教会的博弈贯穿了此后的科普特人历史发展进程。科普特人在纳赛尔、萨达特、穆巴拉克三任总统时期经历了不同的境遇与状况。总体上看,科普特人始终无法融入埃及社会的主流,在法律、身份地位、受教育、就业、宗教信仰等方面面临着重重歧视。纳赛尔时期的国有化改革和土地革命消解了科普特世俗精英的影响力,科普特正教会再度成为科普特人发挥政治功能的唯一机构。萨达特时期,埃及当局采取亲伊斯兰政策导致科普特人与穆斯林冲突不断,科普特人在科普特正教会领导下为自身利益不断抗争。穆巴拉克时期,教皇欣诺达三世改革后的科普特正教会与埃及当局保持了较长时段的合作关系,逐渐蜕变为自身利益的代表,科普特人分化加剧,科普特问题公开化、国际化程度加强。“1·25”革命后,科普特人状况的大局未变,科普特人-穆斯林族群关系依然紧张。总体来说,科普特人是一个少数民族,拥有独特的民族认同,对埃及历史发展做出了重要贡献。科普特正教会在科普特人与埃及当局中扮演着中间人的角色,正教会与世俗精英的博弈是推动科普特人历史发展的内在动力。科普特问题具有多维性、长期性和阶段性特征。科普特问题反映了埃及现代化进程中民族国家构建和国家属性选择的困境。
[Abstract]:The Coptic minority is Egypt's largest Christian group in.20 century is the Middle East region since 70s, the relationship between the Copts and Muslims tensions, Coptic issues become prominent problem of social development in Egypt, has become a hot spot for foreign academic research. Clarify the Copts, historical development, is the basic the premise of the Copts. History of Coptic, the evolution of the Coptic Orthodox Church, the Coptic problem and the change of ethnic and national identity of the Copts are four important problems of Coptic Christianity. In first Century Egypt by the Egyptian indigenous population quickly accepted Alexander, Coptic the church is one of the five biggest Christian church with early martyr, and heresy struggle and monasticism three characteristics. Accord with the Egyptian myth and Egyptian nationalism is adorable early In the period of Christianity spread rapidly. The main reason of Egyptian Coptic Christian people adhere to the Monophysite faith paid a heavy price. The Muslim Dynasty period, the Copts in Dimitar people position, facing all kinds of discrimination, the Coptic number decreased gradually, gradually become a minority of the population of Egypt. The Osman Empire, science the special secular elite in the Egyptian authorities in large numbers, the emergence of the so-called Coptic civil Dynasty. Coptic secular elite influence over the Coptic Church, continue to challenge the latter. In Egypt in the modern era, the reform of the Mohamed Ali Dynasty led to the Coptic's landlord and industrialist, identity identity the Copts gradually formed. As to the modern Coptic Orthodox Church in response, strengthening centralization, clear idolatry, the promotion of modern education, open The revival of the reform, game the Coptic Orthodox Church and the secular elite throughout the subsequent Coptic history. Coptic in Nasser, Sadat, Mubarak, the three president has experienced different circumstances and conditions. In general, the Copts has not integrated into the mainstream of Egyptian society in law. The status, education, employment, religion etc. faced discrimination. During the period of Nasser and the reform of state-owned land revolution dispelled the Coptic secular elite influence, the Coptic Church will once again become the Copts play only institution political function. The period of Sadat, the Egyptian authorities have taken a pro Islamic policy led to the Copts with the Muslim conflicts, Copts will continue to fight for their own interests under the leadership of the Coptic Orthodox Church. During the period of Mubarak, Pope Shenouda III after the reform of the Coptic The Orthodox Church maintained a longer period of cooperation with the Egyptian authorities, gradually changing to represent their interests, Copts differentiation, Coptic open, the degree of internationalization strengthened. "1 - 25" after the revolution, the Copts in the overall situation has not changed, the Copts - Muslim ethnic relations remained tense. In general, the Copts are an ethnic minority, unique ethnic identity has made important contributions to the development of the history of Egypt. The Coptic Church will play an intermediary role in the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Egyptian authorities in the game and the secular elite is the motivation for the Copts of historical development. The Coptic problem is multi-dimensional, long-term and stage characteristics. The Coptic problem reflects the plight of nation-state building and national attribute selection modernization process in Egypt.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K411.8
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本文编号：1370219