不同运动锻炼方式老年人的视空间工作记忆的特征

发布时间：2018-02-09 06:17

本文关键词： 视空间工作记忆开放性运动锻炼老年人认知老化　出处：《上海体育学院》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：老年人的视空间工作记忆功能的衰退既是认知老化的成因之一,同时又是认知老化的特点之一。运动锻炼有助于预防和延缓认知老化。但是目前还未有直接证据证明运动锻炼能够有效延缓老年人视空间工作记忆功能的衰退,并且,已有的对运动锻炼延缓认知老化的研究中,鲜有区分开放性和闭锁性运动锻炼对认知老化的不同影响。基于此,本研究选取健康老年人参与实验,根据《锻炼方式问卷》和《国际体力活动问卷》将其分为以乒乓球这一典型的开放性运动作为主要锻炼方式,以跑步、游泳等闭锁性运动作为主要的锻炼方式和久坐组三组。本研究共包含三部分研究:第一部分采用视空间工作记忆任务在总体上对不同运动锻炼老年人的视空间工作记忆的特点进行探讨(实验1)。第二部分采用视空间短时记忆任务(实验2)和视空间心理旋转任务(实验3)对老年人的视空间工作记忆中的主动加工和被动存储成分进行分离,探索开放性锻炼组老年人视空间工作记忆衰退得到延缓的原因。第三部分基于第二部分的研究结果,进一步探索开放性运动锻炼的老年人被动存储优势产生的原因:通过控制视空间短时记忆任务中的保持时间(实验4),或在保持过程中提供一定的环境支持(实验5),探讨开放性运动锻炼老年人抵御视空间信息衰退的能力是否更优;通过在视空间短时记忆任务中加入视空间信息干扰(实验6a,6b),语词干扰(实验7a,7b),探讨开放性运动锻炼的老年人在视空间信息存储过程中是否排除干扰的能力更优。研究主要得到如下结果:(1)开放性运动组和闭锁性运动组在视空间工作记忆任务上的正确率显著高于久坐组。(2)开放性运动锻炼老年人在视空间短时记忆任务上正确率显著高于久坐组,而在视空间心理旋转任务上,各组之间无差异。(3)不同运动锻炼组在不同的保持时间间隔下的视空间信息短时任务上的正确率无显著差异。(4)不同运动锻炼组在提供环境支持的视空间信息短时记忆任务上的正确率上无显著差异。(5)开放性运动锻炼组在视空间干扰信息存在的条件下,在视空间短时记忆任务中的正确率显著高于久坐组。(6)开放性运动锻炼组在有语词干扰的视空间短时记忆任务上的正确率显著高于久坐组。研究得出以下结论:(1)参加运动锻炼的老年人(不论是何种运动方式)的视空间工作记忆的衰退得到了有效缓解。(2)开放性运动锻炼的老年人的视空间信息存储成分上能力更优,而在视空间信息的操作成分上,各组老年人不存在差异。存储成分上的功能差异可能导致了不同运动锻炼方式的老年人在视空间工作记忆能力上的差异。(3)开放性运动锻炼的老年人阻止无关信息进入视空间工作记忆的能力更强,但在抵御信息消退的能力上不存在优势。更强的阻止无关信息进入的能力可能导致了开放性运动锻炼的老年人在视空间存储成分上的优势。
[Abstract]:Visual spatial working memory function in older people's decline is one of the causes of cognitive aging, and it is also one of the characteristics of cognitive aging. Exercise helps to prevent or delay cognitive aging. But there is no direct evidence that exercise can effectively delay the recession, the elderly visuospatial working memory function and the existing of exercise delayed cognitive aging research, rarely distinguish different effects of open and closed exercise on cognitive aging. Based on this, this study selected the healthy elderly people to participate in the experiment, according to the exercise style questionnaire "and" international physical activity questionnaire > will be divided into the table tennis which is a typical opening movement as the main way to exercise, running, swimming and closed movement as the main form of exercise and sedentary group three groups. The three part of the study included in this study. The first part is as empty Between working memory tasks of different sports exercise of elderly people in the whole of the visuospatial working memory characteristics were discussed (Experiment 1). The second part used the visuo spatial short-term memory task (Experiment 2) and visuospatial mental rotation task (Experiment 3) were isolated from active processing for the elderly and the visual spatial working memory the passive storage components, explore open exercise group elderly visuospatial working memory decline was delayed reasons. In the third part, the second part of the research results based on the further explore the cause of open exercise of the elderly passive storage advantages generated through controlling visuospatial short-term memory tasks in time (Experiment 4), or provide some support in the process of maintaining the environment (Experiment 5), to investigate the ability to open the elderly exercise against visual spatial information decline is better; the short-term memory in visual space In addition as the spatial information jamming task (Experiment 6a, 6b), the word interference (Experiment 7a, 7b), to explore the open exercise of elderly people in the visual space information storage process is to eliminate the interference ability better. The main research results are as follows: (1) open exercise group and exercise closed group the correct rate of visual spatial working memory task was significantly higher than the sedentary group. (2) open exercise in elderly patients was significantly higher than that in sedentary group correctly in visual spatial short-term memory task, while in the visual space of mental rotation tasks, no differences between the groups. (3) there are no significant differences between different groups in exercise different time intervals to maintain the correct rate of visual spatial information on short-term tasks. (4) different exercise group in support of no significant difference between the accuracy of spatial information on short-term memory tasks. (5) open exercise group in the visual space There is interference between information conditions, the correct rate of visuospatial short-term memory tasks were significantly higher than the sedentary group. (6) open exercise group in word interference as the correct rate of spatial short-term memory tasks were significantly higher than the sedentary group. Conclusions are as following: (1) to participate in the exercise of the elderly people (regardless of movement) decline of the visuospatial working memory has been effectively alleviated. (2) open the exercise of the elderly as the spatial information storage component ability better, and in the operation component of visuospatial information, there is no difference between the groups of elderly people. The functional differences on components of storage may lead to different exercise of the elderly in the visuospatial working memory ability. (3) open exercise of the elderly to prevent irrelevant information from entering the visuospatial working memory ability, but against information There is no advantage in the ability to dissipate. Stronger ability to prevent irrelevant information entry may lead to the advantage of open exercise for elderly people in the storage components of visual space.

【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

【相似文献】