在“资本主义”与“非资本主义”之间

发布时间：2018-03-10 12:20

  本文选题：阶级分化社会　切入点：时间商品化　出处：《清华大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在《历史唯物主义的当代批判:权力、财产和国家》中,吉登斯对马克思的唯物史观进行了全面批判,把诸多理论难点和焦点问题摆上案头,在整个西方学界产生强烈影响,近年来又波及国内的马克思主义研究领域。本论文是对吉登斯批判观点的回应。吉登斯的核心思想是:较之于此前的各种社会,资本主义社会具有明显的断裂性,并不存在历史唯物主义社会形态理论所说的连续性和统一性。吉登斯的论证在多个层面、多种角度展开。(1)只有资本主义社会才是阶级社会,而此前的社会要么是部落社会,要么是一种“阶级分化社会”。(2)资本主义社会实现了时间和空间的商品化,从而显示出它与此前的各种社会的本质区别和断裂。(3)资本主义社会的剥削与此前各种社会中的剥削具有质的区别,只有在资本主义社会,阶级关系和经济剥削才侵入到生产过程中,从而构成生产过程的基本特征。(4)以权力、支配、结构、整合等社会学概念为基石,吉登斯全面阐释了其著名的“结构化理论”,并以此为基础,在方法论层面既批评了对唯物史观的“功能-结构主义”解释,也反驳了对之的进化论解释,而且,在他看来,这是历史唯物主义理论在方法论上的根本缺陷。本论文立足于马克思的核心文本,特别是立足于作为马克思思想发展高峰的《资本论》及其手稿这一成熟的文本群,围绕着吉登斯批判矛头所指向的一些历史唯物主义的重要概念和基本原理展开分析。(1)只要存在着生产资料的私有制,从这种生产关系中就必然会产生出阶级关系,进而形成阶级社会。其具体形式可以也必然会有所不同,但本质都是一样的。(2)时间可以作为衡量商品价值的尺度,但其本身不可能是一种独立存在的商品,因为离开一定的物质载体,时间就会被掏空,成为一种虚幻不实的东西。简言之,时间不可能离开商品而自立门户,成为另一种商品。(3)并不存在脱离生产过程的阶级剥削,任何剥削都是以对抗性生产关系为基础的。因为,生产关系就是形成并存在于物质生产过程之中,不同于像分工和协作这样的技术关系的人与人之间的权力关系。(4)从方法论来看,以上阐释表明在“资本主义”社会与“非资本主义”社会之间,既有断裂,也有延续,是断裂和延续的辩证统一。吉登斯用历史的断裂性否定其延续性,进而否定历史发展的进化论解释和功能-结构主义解释,明显是偏颇的。
[Abstract]:In the Contemporary criticism of Historical materialism: power, property and State, Giddens comprehensively criticized Marx's historical materialism and put many theoretical difficulties and focal points on the desk, which had a strong influence on the whole western academic circle. In recent years, this thesis is a response to Giddens' critical viewpoint. Giddens' core idea is: compared with the previous societies, capitalist society is obviously fractured. There is no such thing as continuity and unity in the theory of historical materialism. Giddens' argument is on many levels and from many angles.) only capitalist society is a class society, whereas the previous society was either a tribal society. Either a class divided society. 2) capitalist society has commercialized time and space. Thus it shows that there is a qualitative difference between the exploitation of capitalist societies and the exploitation in previous societies, only in capitalist societies. Class relations and economic exploitation intrude into the process of production, thus forming the basic characteristic of the process of production. (4) based on the sociological concepts of power, domination, structure, integration, etc. On the basis of his famous "structured theory", Giddens criticizes both the "function-structuralism" interpretation of historical materialism and the evolutionary interpretation of it at the methodological level. This paper is based on the core text of Marx, especially on the text group of rare, which is the peak of the development of Marx's thought. The analysis of some important concepts and basic principles of historical materialism pointed at by Giddens) as long as there is private ownership of the means of production, class relations will inevitably emerge from this kind of production relations. And then form a class society. Its concrete form can and must be different, but the essence is the same. Time can be used as a measure of the value of goods, but it cannot be a kind of independent commodity. Because without a certain material carrier, time will be emptied and become a kind of illusory thing. In short, time cannot leave the commodity and set up its own door, become another kind of commodity.) there is no class exploitation from the production process. Any exploitation is based on confrontational relations of production, because the relations of production are formed and exist in the process of material production. From a methodological point of view, the above explanation shows that there are both breaks and continuations between "capitalist" and "non-capitalist" societies. It is a dialectical unity of fracture and continuity. It is obviously biased that Giddens negates the continuity of history with the break of history and then denies the evolutionary interpretation and function-structuralism explanation of historical development.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B03
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本文编号：1593308