二十世纪英国大学文学教育理念流变

发布时间：2018-03-16 12:52

  本文选题：英国大学　切入点：文学教育　出处：《黑龙江大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以时间为脉络,以关键人物为线索,通过1904年、1944年、1979年几个时间节点梳理了 20世纪英国大学文学教育理念的变化。莱利、瑞恰慈和伊格尔顿对文学教育的不同看法标志着英国大学文学教育理念从文献学到文学、从作品到理论、从英国文学到世界文学的范式转换。1904年,莱利担任牛津大学第一位默顿英国文学教授,他锐意改革文学教育,促使语言与文学在考试中分开。1944年的巴特勒教育法成为英国现代教育的转折点,教育的中央集权化推动了英国大学文学教育的发展,文学教育理念逐渐从利维斯的精英主义转向文化研究。1979年到1997年撒切尔夫人执政期间,市场经济对英国文学教育造成了强烈的冲击。此时的文学概念已经变成了一种意识形态,因此在大学文学教育中,重要的不再是如何定义文学,而是如何进行阐释。经过几个世纪的发展,文学在英国大学从辅助古典语言和英语教育的工具,最终变成一门有独特教学方法和原则的学科。然而,无论是从语文学、历史、理论,还是从文化角度开展文学教育,英国大学始终坚守人文和科学相结合的原则以及"生活、文学和思想"的文学教育理念。第一章追溯了英国大学文学教育的历史。最初,英国大学文学教育只是辅助希腊、拉丁语言、演讲和修辞教学的工具。人文主义和功利主义促进了英语研究的全面发展,文学教育开始转向辅助英语研究。作为最早开设文学课程的大学,伦敦大学学院的文学教育理念是将历史研究与道德文学相结合。相比牛津大学从语言、文献和历史角度研究文学的理念,剑桥大学的文学教育具有哲学性并且十分关注现代文学。第二章解析了纽波特报告前后英国大学文学教育的代表人物以及他们的文学教育理念。莱利和库奇促使批评成为牛津大学和剑桥大学的考试内容。莱利改变了牛津大学文学教育内容不涉及现代的定式,从此,大学开始认真对待文学。库奇则为剑桥大学学院派学术研究风格奠定了基础。1921年出台的纽波特报告从国家层面确立了英国文学在大学的学科地位。报告指出英语语言和英国文学是国民教育的基础:英语学院要重视现代文学、中古法语或中世纪拉丁语;文学教师可以自己设计教学大纲,采用自己的教学方法;鼓励学生阅读和进行戏剧表演等等。之后,剑桥大学理查兹和燕卜逊提出了语义批评的文学教育方法,标志着文学教育理念的关注点由作家转向作品。第三章追溯了精英教育的渊源以及利维斯的道德批评理念。文本细读实现了诗歌批评由外及内,再向外部转化的过程,从而把读者、诗歌和社会紧密联系起来。巴兹尔·威利的文学生态理念则为未来文学教育提供了新视角。五六十年代是英国大学文学教育理念的争鸣探索时期。1967年,牛津大学文学教授海伦··加德纳提出了跨学科开展文学教育的思路,她认为批评是对价值做判断,建议学生既要广泛、大量、无偏见地阅读,也要愉快地阅读。此外,文化研究也是这一时期重要的文学教育方法,文学教育理念从研究文学作品转向文化、历史、电影等更广阔的领域。第四章围绕市场经济影响下英国大学文学教育的变化进行阐述。此时的大学文学教育已经进入理论时代。伊格尔顿从意识形态角度探讨文学教育,彼得·威德森则从文学和历史角度分析小说在当代的意义。英国大学文学教育理念仍旧延续着个人体验和文本细读相结合的批评模式,一方面重视发扬民族文学的伟大传统,另一方面开始拥抱世界文学。
[Abstract]:This paper takes time as the thread, as the key figures for clues, through 1904, 1944, 1979, several time node combs change twentieth Century British university literature education concept. Riley, different views on literature education Richards and Eagleton marks the British university education idea of literature from the literature to learn literature, from the theory, from English literature to the world literature paradigm shift for.1904 years, Riley served as the first Merton professor of English literature at University of Oxford, he was determined to reform the language and literature education, literature in the exam from the Butler's education method in.1944 has become a turning point in modern English education, centralized education promoted the development of literature education in British universities, literature education concept gradually shift from Lewis's elite.1979 cultural studies to 1997 Mrs Thatcher during the administration of the British market economy School education had a strong impact. The concept of literature has become a kind of ideology, so in the University literary education, the important is not how to define literature, but how to explain. After several centuries of development, literature in the British university from the auxiliary classical languages and English education tools, eventually become a the unique teaching methods and principles of the subject. However, whether it is from the philology, history, theory, or from the perspective of culture to carry out literature education, the British university has always adhere to the principle of combining science and humanity and life, literature and thought "literature education concept. The first chapter traces the history of literature education in British universities. Initially, the British university education literature is the auxiliary Greek, Latin language, speech and rhetoric teaching tool. Humanism and utilitarianism and promote the comprehensive development of English study, literature education To study English. As one of the earliest open literature courses at the University, the University College London's literary education philosophy is the historical study and the combination of moral literature from University of Oxford. Compared with language, literature and history of literature philosophy, University of Cambridge literature education is very concerned about the philosophical and modern literature. The second chapter analyzes the representative the British Newport report before and after the University literary education and their literary ideas of education. Riley Kutcher and prompted criticism of University of Oxford and University of Cambridge as exam content. Riley changed the University of Oxford literature education content is not related to the modern style, since then, colleges began to treat literature seriously. Kutcher is University of Cambridge School of academic research style laid the foundation for.1921 introduction the Newport report from the national level to establish English literature at the University of Science The report pointed out. English language and English literature is the foundation of national education: College English should pay attention to the modern literature, Medieval French or Medieval Latin literature; teachers can design their own curriculum, using their teaching methods; encourage students to read and drama and so on. Later, Richards of University of Cambridge and Empson proposed in literature the education method of semantic criticism, literature education marks the focus from writers turned to the works. The third chapter traces the origin of elite education and Lewis's moral criticism idea. The text realizes the poetry criticism from the outside and inside, and then to the external transformation, thus the readers of poetry and closely related to the society. Literature Basil Willy's ecological philosophy is the future of literature education provides a new perspective. 50s and 60s is the exploration period.1 contend the British university literature education concept 967 years, University of Oxford literature professor Helen Gardner put forward the interdisciplinary development of literature education ideas, she believes that criticism is making judgment on value, suggested that students should not only widely, a lot of, without prejudice to reading, also want to enjoy reading. In addition, the method of literature education research is an important culture during this period, from the study of literature education concept literary works to culture, history, film and other wider fields. The fourth chapter focuses on the changes of market economy under the influence of British university literary education is expounded. The university literature education has entered the era of Eagleton. The theory of literature education from the perspective of ideology, Peter Widerson from the literary and historical perspective novels in the contemporary significance of Britain. The university literature education concept is still a continuation of personal experience and text combination mode of criticism, on the one hand, pay more attention to the development of national literature The great tradition, on the other hand, began to embrace world literature.

【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I0-4;G642
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本文编号：1620001