事件结构与介词短语的选择研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 04:34

  本文选题：事件结构　切入点：介词　出处：《上海师范大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：介词是汉语作为第二语言习得的重点和难点之一。为帮助第二语言学习者快捷、高效地掌握汉语介词的用法，避免产生偏误，学者们从多种角度进行了探索和研究。汉语介词的用法比较复杂，一个介词常兼多种功能。对介词用法梳理得越细，对近义介词辨析得越深入，往往反而使学习者更加不得要领。因此，本文尝试运用事件结构理论从认知的角度来探索介词在句子结构中的规则性，这样做有如下几方面的好处：第一，事件结构理论注重从人们现实生活中对真实事件的认知经验出发，这种经验具有人类共通性，可以避免抽象的语法解释，便于理解；第二，遵循语言使用者的心理现实性探索句子结构的规律，符合第二语言学习者从意义出发进行语言形式配位的心理过程，能够使语法研究真正服务于汉语教学；第三，在事件结构中，事件角色的认定变得相对简单，对同一介词标引的不同语义角色在理解上不易造成困扰。 本文主要对一组常用介词“从、自、打、由、自打、自从、从打、打从，在、当、于，至、到”等在表达时间方面的功能进行研究。本研究首先从语料出发对其进行定量研究和定性分析，明确其使用范围和频率；其次对表时介词及其短语在事件结构中的语义功能、表时介词宾语的性质、表时介词框架及其语义等进行细致的描写；然后从介词的时间表达和事件的时间属性之间的关系入手，对表时介词的用法进行辨析和解释；最后，以时间语境表达和时间突显表达为切入点，根据介词短语所表达的时间语义成分在事件结构中的不同突显度，勾画出时间语境表达和时间突显表达的连续统一。 本文以句法、语义、语用三个平面思想为指导，，综合运用事件语义理论、意象图式理论、信息结构理论、典型范畴理论、变换分析法等理论和方法，将汉语中常用介词的时间表达功能单独进行研究，避免了同一介词多种语义功能的交叉混杂，同时使介词的不同时间表达功能建立联系，形成系统；将语用学、修辞学中常用的概念“语境”引入汉语语法研究，对介词及其短语在事件的时间表达中的功能进行了系统性的合理解释；本文所确立的表时介词在时间语境表达和时间突显表达上的连续统，以及所进行的表时介词短语在时间语境句和事件突显句中的变换分析可以为对外汉语教学实践提供理论参考。
[Abstract]:Preposition is one of the key and difficult points in the acquisition of Chinese as a second language. Scholars have explored and studied from a variety of angles. The usage of Chinese prepositions is complex, and one preposition often has multiple functions. The more detailed the preposition usage is, the deeper the discrimination of semantic prepositions is. Therefore, this paper tries to use the theory of event structure to explore the regularity of prepositions in sentence structure from the perspective of cognition, which has the following advantages: first, The theory of event structure focuses on the cognitive experience of real events in real life. This kind of experience can avoid abstract grammatical interpretation and be easy to understand. Following the psychological reality of language users to explore the rules of sentence structure, in line with the second language learners from the meaning of the psychological process of language form coordination, grammar research can really serve the teaching of Chinese; third, In the event structure, the identification of event roles becomes relatively simple, and it is difficult to understand the different semantic roles of the same preposition indexing. This paper mainly deals with a group of common prepositions "from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, to, from, to, from, to," The purpose of this study is to make quantitative and qualitative analysis of the expression time from the corpus, and to clarify the scope and frequency of its use, and then to analyze the semantic functions of the prepositions and their phrases in the event structure. The nature of the preposition, the frame of the preposition and its semantics are described in detail. Then, the usage of the preposition is analyzed and explained from the relationship between the temporal expression of the preposition and the temporal attribute of the event. With temporal context expression and temporal salience expression as the starting point, the continuous unity of temporal context expression and temporal salience expression is drawn according to the different salience degree of temporal semantic components expressed by prepositional phrases in the event structure. Guided by three plane thoughts of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, this paper synthetically applies the theories and methods of event semantics, image schema, information structure, typical category theory, transformation analysis, etc. The function of temporal expression of common prepositions in Chinese is studied separately, which avoids the cross-mixing of many semantic functions of the same preposition, and at the same time, makes the different temporal expression functions of prepositions establish a connection and form a system. The concept "context", which is commonly used in rhetoric, is introduced into the study of Chinese grammar to explain systematically and reasonably the functions of prepositions and their phrases in the temporal expression of events. The temporal preposition established in this paper is the continuum of temporal context expression and temporal salience expression. The analysis of temporal preposition phrases in temporal context sentences and event salient sentences can provide theoretical reference for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146


本文编号：1651942