风俗视域下魏晋南北朝诗赋研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 05:03

本文选题：魏晋南北朝　切入点：风俗　出处：《山东大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：《风俗视域下魏晋南北朝诗赋研究》一文主要从魏晋南北朝时期衣、食、住、行等物质生活风俗及人生礼俗、节日娱乐等社会生活风俗出发,通过分析魏晋南北朝诗赋中蔚为大观的风俗事物和现象,探讨风俗性诗赋在文学上的传承与发展。同时运用点面结合的方法,探讨某些专题类诗赋如蚕、桑、织诗赋、游宴诗赋、饮酒诗赋、都邑诗赋、祖饯诗赋、游览诗赋、弃妇诗赋、丧葬诗赋、上巳诗赋、棋艺诗赋、啸赋等的风俗价值、审美理想、哲理意蕴和文化意义。即运用民俗学的视角来研究魏晋南北朝时期代表着精英文化的诗赋作品,总结归纳诗赋作品中蕴含的风俗内涵,概括魏晋南北朝时期风俗的时代特色,解析风俗与诗赋文学之间深层次的互动关系。第一章主要从服饰风俗视角研究魏晋南北朝诗赋。魏晋南北朝诗赋中记载了蔚为大观的服饰风俗景象,无论是女子的裙衿、佩饰,还是男子的冠、袍、麈尾,无不华丽奢靡,成为展现女子风韵、名士风流的符号标记。服饰上的繁荣离不开农业生产和手工业技术的发展,先蚕礼、籍田礼等国家祭典,从政治层面规范和推动着民间蚕、桑习俗的形成,同时也为诗赋创作提供了深厚的历史渊源。蚕、桑、织诗赋作品中既有亲蚕仪式的描写,也有桑树象征意味的吟咏,还有相思主题的传递,蕴含丰富的文化内涵。魏晋南北朝服饰诗赋巧妙运用服饰意象,通过捣衣、钗、镜等极具有生活气息的事物来传递情感,将离别之情、空闺之苦、相思之艰表达得更为酣畅淋漓,使普通的服饰物象超脱了原有物质层面的意义,成为表现情感、展现时代特征的一种象征,增强了文学的抒情色彩。第二章主要从饮食风俗视角研究魏晋南北朝诗赋。魏晋南北朝时期饮食风俗具有明显的精致化、尚奇性和竞奢性倾向,既有种类繁多、制作精细的食物和饮品,也有工艺复杂、造型绝伦的饮食器皿,还有来自异域的珍奇。饮食生活的繁荣,直接推动了饮食类诗赋文学创作的兴盛,带来咏物诗赋、宫廷游宴诗赋、饮酒诗赋等创作的繁荣。这一时期盛行的服食文化,既有灵芝、桂、菊、桃、枣等食物,也有五服散等各种丹丸,形成了新的社会饮食崇尚,成为构建游仙诗的有机组成部分。魏晋南北朝饮食诗赋重视在普通的饮食物品中寄寓情绪和人生思考,凸显事物的文化内涵和寓意特征,如鲈鱼、莼菜与思乡之情,莲与爱恋、思念等,将普通的物品演绎成为某类思想的代表,提升了饮食物象的审美价值。第三章主要从住行风俗视角研究魏晋南北朝诗赋。魏晋南北朝建筑风俗中的象征主义,即风水学中的"居中"、"占边"等内容,不仅影响着城邑的规划、宫殿楼宇的建造和园林的设计,而且影响到相关建筑诗赋的文学写作,对都市宫殿赋的写作内容、描写方式以及对山水田园诗赋冲淡自然的语言风格都产生了不可忽视的作用。都邑赋内容包罗万象,需要赋者"苞括宇宙,总揽人物"的宏阔视角和卓越才能,使风水师与作者间的关系更加密切。无论是纪实类还是意象类都邑诗,都在摹写现实或过去城市的宏伟壮观、宫殿的富丽堂皇,在繁华的风俗物象中展现城市的奢靡和浮华。众多的民俗现象、各类标志性建筑、具有意象特征的人物等都共同演绎着都市的鲜活,表现出浓烈的时代特色。魏晋南北朝时期行旅的物质条件日趋完备,行旅风俗繁多,有出行择吉、祖道行神祭祀、饯别送行、游览纪行等。繁荣的行旅风俗推动着诗赋创作的兴盛,祖饯诗题和描写内容的转变与发展,是文学对风俗演变真实而敏锐的记载与反映,显示出文人诗性交际发展的异军突起以及文学对于风俗的雅正。游览纪行诗赋创作的繁荣反映出这一时期游览风俗的兴盛,人们在对山水的描写中逐渐意识到自然山水的独立审美价值,强化了山水游览诗的写作结构模式,表现出玄游山水的时代特征。第四章主要从人生礼俗视角研究魏晋南北朝诗赋,主要包括生育、婚姻、丧葬等三方面。在生育方面,这一时期的求子风俗形式多样、活动频繁,集中反映出这一时期鬼神文化的兴盛。佩戴宜男花,充分表现出古代对于生男的渴望,在宜男花诗赋中更集中地阐发了宜男花与生育民俗的密切关系。在乳名小字的拟定和使用中,都显示出神仙方术等民间迷信的流行以及佛教盛行的时代特色。在婚姻方面,择吉、却扇、财婚等风俗都成为婚姻诗赋的表现内容,特别是弃妇诗赋中大量使用"蘼芜"、"浮萍"、"团扇"等意象,表现弃妇多是因无子和人老色衰而遭抛弃,反映出当时女性在婚姻关系中的附属地位。在丧葬方面,魏晋南北朝基本上延续汉代的丧葬制度,在收殓、治丧、送葬过程中凝聚儒家"慎终追远"的生死观念,表现在诗赋文学作品中,主要有临终诗、挽歌诗和悼亡诗赋等三个方面。这一时期的挽歌既有送葬途中扶灵柩者所唱的葬礼挽歌,也有书写死亡认识、表达自我情绪的文人挽歌、自挽歌;悼亡诗赋也往往由悼念逝者而引发深深的自悼,使人产生世事无常、生命易逝的悲凉无奈,使得这一时期的悼亡所悼念的不仅仅是亡者,更是生者与整个时代的挽歌。第五章主要从节日、娱乐风俗视角研究魏晋南北朝诗赋。魏晋南北朝时期节日丰富,节日时间趋向固定,气氛逐渐轻松,娱乐因子日渐凸显,既有禳灾逐疫的传统意味,也有欢庆自娱的时代风尚,同时反映出不同思想、宗教文化的相互渗透与影响。其中上巳节是魏晋南北朝最具游乐意味、诗赋创作最为繁盛的节日,在上巳诗赋中既有对临水祓禊、曲水流觞等节日活动的如实记录,也有文人诗酒相娱、将节日文艺化、高雅化的时代倾向。这一时期娱乐风俗中的游艺风俗和乐舞风俗,都有纵情欢愉、肆意游乐的时代特色。无论是消遣观赏的斗戏还是脑力竞技的弈棋,无论是乐器还是舞蹈,都是人们用以休闲娱乐的游戏方式,都贯穿着知足常乐、超脱物外的理想精神。如在棋艺诗赋中,集中体现着兵家思想的传承和休闲游戏的较量,甚至将围棋与求仙巧妙地结合,为围棋蒙上了神秘的仙家色彩。而啸这种特殊的音乐形式,凝聚着魏晋士人特有的超脱情怀,更成为魏晋风流的象征符号之一。结语部分主要是概括魏晋南北朝风俗的时代特点,阐释风俗与文学密不可分的关系。魏晋南北朝作为我国古代"精神史上极自由、极解放"的时代,在诸多的风俗中都表现出时代的融通与变革,使这一时期的风俗具有多样性、包容性、趋同性、世俗性等特点,在诗赋作品中也有相应的表现。风俗文化不但是文学创作的力量与源泉,同时还丰富和充实文学作品的思想内容,使文学本身成为不少风俗活动的组成部分,而重要的风俗活动也推动着文学创作形成新的主题和审美追求。文学与风俗的完美结合,更有利于体现出积淀在民情风俗中的深厚文化内涵,共同完成优美的社会风俗画卷。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of "custom Weijin poems on a paper from the period > clothing, the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, such as food, living customs and etiquette, holiday entertainment and other social customs of life, through the analysis of poetry in the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties customs about things and phenomena, to explore the inheritance and development of poetry in the literary genre at the same time. The method of using Dianmianjiege, discusses some special types of poetry such as silkworm, mulberry, weave poems, banquet poems, drinking poetry, rhyme of poetry, the departing poems, tour poems, abandoned funeral poems, poems, Shangsi poems, chess Fu Xiao Fu of the customs value, aesthetic ideal and philosophy the meaning and cultural significance. The use of folklore from the perspective of the southern and Northern Dynasties represents the elite culture works, customs and connotations of summarizing works, summary of Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties custom Era Characteristics of deep interaction between custom and poetry literature. Analysis the first chapter from the perspective of the study on poetry dress customs in northern and Southern Dynasties. Weijin poetry recorded the splendid costumes scene, both women dress Jin, accessories, or man's crown, robe, duster, all gorgeous luxury, as show the women's charm and symbols. The development of clothing and the unconventional ways of scholars cannot do without the prosperity of agricultural production and handicraft technology, xiancan ritual, ritual ceremony Ji Tian and other countries, from the political level to regulate and promote the formation of folk customs of the silkworm, mulberry, but also provides a profound historical origin for poetry creation. Silkworm mulberry, silkworm, Pro is the description of the ceremony fabric works, there are mulberry symbolic chant, and the theme of the transfer of Acacia, contains rich cultural connotations. The clever use of clothing image of southern and Northern Dynasties costume through poetry A hairpin, mirror Daoyi, extremely has the breath of life that will convey emotion, feelings of separation, Konggui bitter lovesickness difficulties expressed more fully and delightfully, the ordinary clothing images out of the original physical meaning, become a symbol of emotional expression, showing the characteristics of the times, enhance the literature lyrical color. The second chapter mainly from the perspective of the study on diet custom poetry in Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties has obvious refinement of the northern and Southern Dynasties diet, is singular and competitive luxury tendencies, both variety and production of fine food and drink, also has a complex process, eating utensils modeling exquisite, and exotic exotic. Eating a life of prosperity, directly contributed to the prosperity of the food and literature creation, bring Yongwu poems, court banquet poetry, poetry creation and prosperity. Drinking culture as prevalent during this period, both the Ganoderma lucidum, guangxi, Chrysanthemum, peach, jujube and other food, there are also five casual clothes and other pills, the formation of a new social diet advocating, become an integral part of the construction. The attention in the general's food items in his emotions and thoughts about life and diet in northern and Southern Dynasties, highlight the cultural connotations and moral characteristics, such as sea bass and, Brasenia homesickness, lotus and love, miss, will become common items on behalf of a kind of thinking, enhance the aesthetic value of food images. The third chapter mainly from the perspective of poetry for the research of Wei Jin and the northern and Southern Dynasties. The customs and customs of the northern and Southern Dynasties architectural symbolism, namely Feng Shui in the middle "," edge ", not only affects the city planning, the palace building construction and landscape design, but also related to the construction of poetry writing, writing content of urban palace Fu, describing the manner of Pastoral Poetry Fu dilute the natural language style has a role can not be ignored. The content of Duyi Fu Fu "to cover and contain everything, including the universe, the overall character of the broad perspective and excellence, the relationship between the writer and the Feng Shui closer. Whether documentary or imagery are Yi poetry, in depicting the reality in the past the city or the magnificent, magnificent palace, in the bustling city of custom images show extravagant and flashy. Many folk phenomenon, various landmarks, has the characteristic of image characters are a common interpretation of urban living, showing strong characteristics of the times. The southern and Northern Dynasties during the material conditions of increasingly complete travel custom travel range, Kyrgyzstan, ancestor worship God Daoxing, farewell tour travel off, etc. promote the prosperity of prosperity of the travel custom poems, poems and write the contents of the departing and change The development of literature on evolution of real and sharp customs records and reflect, showing the development of literati poetic communication and literature for the customs of the A new force suddenly rises. Masatada. In the tour poem prosperity reflects the prosperity of this period tour custom, people in the landscape description in gradually realize the independent aesthetic value of the natural landscape. Strengthening the writing structure model of landscape tour poem, showing the characteristics of the times Xuan travel landscape. The fourth chapter mainly from the perspective of the study on life etiquette and the northern and Southern Dynasties, including birth, marriage, funeral and other three aspects. In the family, this time praying custom forms, reflects the prosperity of frequent activities. Ghost culture in this period. Wear appropriate male flowers, fully showing the ancient for male desire, in male flowers should be poetry more concentrated exposition should close male flowers and fertility folk. Department. In the development and use of nicknames in print, show and other folk immortal art superstitions and popular Buddhist characteristics of the times. In the aspects of marriage, Kyrgyzstan, but fan, marriage customs have become the content of the poem especially marriage, and used a large number of abandoned "Mi Wu", "duckweed". "Fan" and other images, performance is abandoned because no children and old and abandoned, reflects the women's marriage in the subordinate position. In the funeral, Wei and Jin Dynasties of Han Dynasty is basically a continuation of the funeral system, funeral, cohesion in Jonathan, Confucian "ancestors" concept of life and death funeral procession in poetry, literary works, mainly in three aspects: death poem, Elegy and mourning poems. This period is the funeral elegy that way act as pallbearer singing funeral elegy, also written death awareness, emotional self in literary expression Since the song elegy; mourning poems are often caused by the memory of the deceased Grier deeply, make the person produces impermanence, life is fleeting desolate and helpless, make this a period of mourning is not only to mourn the dead, is living and the whole era of elegy. The fifth chapter mainly from the holiday, entertainment and study of Wei and Jin Dynasty from the perspective of custom in Wei and Jin Dynasties and the northern and Southern Dynasties. The festival is rich, holiday time trend is fixed, the atmosphere gradually relaxed, entertainment factor is obvious, not only prevent disaster infected by traditional means, also celebrate the entertainment trend of the times, and reflect the different thoughts, mutual penetration and influence of religious culture. The Shangsi Festival is the Wei and Jin Dynasties North Korea's most recreational means, the most prosperous festival for poetry creation, poetry in Shangsi both on the waterfront Fuxi, Pipa and other festival records, also literati poetry Wine Festival Entertainment, art, elegant The era of tendency. During this period, the customs and customs entertainment entertainment and customs, have to indulge in pleasure, the characteristics of the times. It is wanton pleasure to watch the fight scenes or mental recreation sports play chess, both instrument and dance, people are used to entertainment games, all permeated with contentment the ideal, the spirit of a detached object. As in chess Fu, embodies a thought inheritance and leisure game contest, even with Qiuxian cleverly combined to go, go to cast a mysterious color. The fairy house and the music form of this special Xiao Wei and Jin Dynasties, embodies the unique feelings of detachment that has become one of the most romantic symbol of Wei and Jin Dynasty. The conclusion part is mainly summarized in the Wei and Jin dynasties characteristics of Customs of the northern and Southern Dynasties, explain the relationship between the customs and literature inseparable. Wei and Jin Dynasties in ancient China as a "very fine history of God Free, very liberating "era, in many customs have shown accommodation and change of the times, this period of customs with diversity, inclusiveness, convergence, secular characteristics, also have the corresponding performance in the works. But not custom culture of literary creation and the source of power, thought at the same time also enrich the content of literary works, the literature itself has become a part of many customs and activities, and important customs activities also promote the formation of new literary creation theme and aesthetic pursuit. The perfect combination of literature and customs, more conducive to reflect the accumulation in customs in the deep cultural connotation, to complete the beautiful the social custom picture.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.22

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