清代滇东南边疆民族地区国家治理的区域演进与历史进程研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 08:43

  本文选题：国家治理　切入点：清代　出处：《云南大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：“国家治理”是当下学术界研究的理论与现实热点问题。2013年末,习近平主席发表重要讲话,对“国家治理”的含义作出了重要阐释。随后,该研究得到政治学、行政管理学等学科领域诸多学者们的广泛重视。本论文以历史学的研究视角,认为今天的国家治理与历史时期一脉相承,“治”与“理”二者有内在的逻辑关系,带有国之治乱与国之管理的含义,是国家对地方治乱之后管理制度的建构及政策方针的实施。为此,本论文选取清代滇东南边疆民族地区这一时段的特殊区域作为研究对象,以历史地理学的研究方法为手段,从三个角度探讨了清代滇东南区域国家治理的进程：行政区划的建立、边疆军事防御体系的构建、基层社会的管理体制。这三个方面相辅相成,层层递进。首先,国家在进行改土归流以后,进行了行政区划的设置,仿照内地的城市格局设治、筑城、挖池,还有学校、仓廒、养济院等公共设施,标志着国家行政权力的进入；其次,为保障日常行政机构的正常运转及稳定边疆民族社会,作为清代国家常备军之一的绿营兵正式驻防,并在各道路交通节点设置了汛、塘、关、哨、卡,形成了严密的军事布防网络；再次,鉴于边疆民族地区自然和人文环境的复杂性,清朝政府一方面将内地基层社会的管理体制移植与模拟至该区域内,另一方面适当保留了部分民族社会结构,将其与内地基层组织结合形成共同治理,并逐渐发展农业、开采矿产资源,正是国家治理能力的体现,此外,地方政府还努力发展文化教育与公共事业,增强了边民的国家认同感；最后,当晚清滇东南遭遇法国殖民者的入侵面临边疆危机之时,特别是涉及界务纠纷时,从中央政府到封疆大吏能够做到寸土必争、守土有责,体现了维护国家领土完整的强烈责任感。概言之,本文以清代滇东南区域作为研究的特定时段和区域,从行政区划的设置、边疆军事防御体系的构建、基层社会的管理体制这三个专题作了探究。虽各有侧重,但主要是从行政、军事、社会来讨论国家在边疆少数民族地区的治理进程,指出清代完成国家建构和边疆治理是通过“治乱”(武力平定与统一)——“理正”(恢复民族社会秩序)——“善后”(全面建构边疆治乱制度体系)——“一体化”等几个阶段；通过对改土归流后边疆筑城运动以及边疆城市的内部格局特点研究,探讨了国家治理机构在边疆民族地区推行的地理演进特点和历史进程。国家治理的最终目的是以此来不断消融边疆与内地的差异,达到二者一体化的进程,从而更有利于维护边疆地区的社会稳定与繁荣。
[Abstract]:"State Governance" is a hot issue in theory and reality in academic circles at present. At the end of 2013, President Xi Jinping made an important speech and explained the meaning of "national governance".Subsequently, the research has received extensive attention from many scholars in the fields of political science, administrative management and other disciplines.From the perspective of history, this paper holds that the governance of the country today is in the same vein with the historical period, and that there is an inherent logical relationship between "governance" and "reason", with the meaning of the governance of the state and the management of the state.It is the construction of the management system and the implementation of the policy policy after the state governs the chaos.For this reason, this paper selects the special region of the ethnic minority region of southeast Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty as the research object, and takes the research method of historical geography as the means.This paper probes into the process of national governance in Southeast Yunnan in Qing Dynasty from three angles: the establishment of administrative divisions, the construction of military defense system in frontier areas, and the management system of grass-roots society.These three aspects complement each other and progress step by step.First of all, after reconstructing the land and returning to the country, the state has carried out administrative regionalization, set up administrative divisions to imitate the urban pattern in the mainland, built cities, dug pools, and other public facilities such as schools, granaries, and Yangji hospitals, marking the entry of the state's administrative power.In order to ensure the normal operation of the daily administrative organs and stabilize the borderland ethnic society, the Green Battalions, one of the State standing Armies of the Qing Dynasty, were formally stationed, and flood, ponds, checkpoints, posts and cards were set up at various road traffic nodes.A tight military defense network was formed. Thirdly, in view of the complexity of the natural and human environment in the frontier ethnic areas, the Qing Dynasty government, on the one hand, transplanted and simulated the management system of the grass-roots society in the interior into the region.On the other hand, the proper preservation of the social structure of some ethnic groups, the combination of them with grass-roots organizations in the interior to form joint governance, and the gradual development of agriculture and the exploitation of mineral resources are the embodiment of the national governance capacity. In addition,The local governments also worked hard to develop culture, education and public utilities, which strengthened the national identity of the border people. Finally, when the French colonists invaded the southeast of Yunnan in the late Qing Dynasty, they faced a crisis in the frontier areas, especially when they were involved in disputes over border affairs.From the central government to Fengjiang officials, they can fight for every inch of land and have responsibility, which embodies a strong sense of responsibility to safeguard the territorial integrity of the country.In a word, this paper takes the region of southeast Yunnan as the special period and region of the study in the Qing Dynasty, and probes into the three topics of setting up the administrative division, constructing the military defense system of the border area, and the management system of the grass-roots society.Although each has its own emphasis, it is mainly from the administrative, military, and social perspectives to discuss the process of governance of the state in the borderland ethnic minority areas.It is pointed out that the completion of national construction and border governance in the Qing Dynasty was achieved through "ruling chaos" (settling down and unifying by force and "rationalizing") (restoring national social order)-"rehabilitating the aftermath" (comprehensively constructing the border area system of controlling chaos).Integration "and other stages;"Based on the study of the movement of building a city in the border area and the characteristics of the internal pattern of the borderland city after the reform of the land and the return of the land, this paper probes into the characteristics of the geographical evolution and the historical process carried out by the national governance organization in the ethnic areas of the frontier area.The ultimate goal of national governance is to constantly melt the differences between the border areas and the interior, to achieve the process of integration of the two, thus more conducive to the maintenance of social stability and prosperity in the border areas.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K249
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本文编号：1709218