长江中下游早期矿冶遗址考察研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 07:55

本文选题：科学技术史　切入点：长江中下游　出处：《北京科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：在当地文博单位的协助下,2013年至2015年金属与矿冶文化遗产研究国家文物局重点科研基地对长江中下游早期矿冶遗址进行了系统考察。考察发现长江中下游存在着数量较多的早期青铜冶金遗址及采矿遗址。遗址的主体年代为西周,上限可能达到夏商之际,下限为春秋。各区域遗址上常见有夹砂红褐陶、印纹硬陶等共性特征的文化遗物,但文化内涵仍显现出本地特色。考察还发现,皖西南、皖南的冶金遗址大部分位于台墩之上,鄂东南、赣西北则岗地型偏多。但各区域冶金遗址均偏好“背山面水”、“向阳而居”以及选择能够通行水流的右侧。带有土垣、环壕的聚落可能与矿冶生产的防御有关,并依此从生产组织视角对矿冶遗址进行了初步分群。本研究还在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上,初步架构了由炉渣揭示早期青铜冶金技术的考古科学方法,以期为长江中下游早期青铜冶金遗物的鉴别提供科学指导。研究发现,与鄂东南、赣西北、皖西南以锡为主要合金元素不同,皖南中西段存在以锡和砷为主要合金元素的两种体系。此外,鄂东南、皖南中西段还发现锑青铜的生产。考察研究对于理解赣北做为长江中下游锡料产地具有重要的导向意义。长江中下游各区域越靠近赣北,青铜生产中锡信号越强烈,远离赣北的铜陵砷青铜渣比例明显增高。而且赣北的冶金考古背景较好,安徽、湖北地质报道中也都没有锡矿,暗示出锡的来源最可能是赣北,砷的来源在当地。长江水系在资源均衡方面应发挥了重要的纽带作用。长江中下游早期青铜冶金、青铜器铸造活动没有像商周中原地区那样实现了冶铸工序的分离以及严格垄断在高等级聚落内,中小型聚落甚至可以铸造青铜礼容器,青铜的生产与使用方面均保持着独立的本地特色,未能在当地发挥出如同中原一样的社会作用。这种青铜产业格局文化背景应属于中原体系之外的冶金生产。长江中下游早期矿冶遗址的田野考察与实验室工作对于长江流域早期文明史和社会复杂化相关研究提供了重要的科学材料。
[Abstract]:With the help of local cultural units, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of Metals and Metals from 2013 to 2015 conducted a systematic investigation of the early mining and metallurgical sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at the key research sites of the State Administration of Cultural relics.It is found that there are a large number of early bronze metallurgical sites and mining sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The main age of the site is the Western Zhou Dynasty, the upper limit may reach the time of summer and Shang, and the lower limit is Spring and Autumn.There are common cultural relics with common characteristics such as sand red and brown pottery, hard pottery and so on, but the cultural connotations still show local characteristics.It is also found that most of the metallurgical sites in southwest Anhui and southern Anhui are located above the platform piers, while in southeast Hubei and northwest Jiangxi, there are more sites.However, the metallurgical sites in all regions prefer "backhill water", "living in the sun" and choosing the right side of the flowing water.The settlement with earthen walls and trenches may be related to the defense of mining and metallurgical production, according to which the mining and metallurgical sites are preliminarily divided from the perspective of production organization.On the basis of the domestic and foreign research results, the archaeological scientific method of revealing the early bronze metallurgical technology from the slag is preliminarily constructed in this study, in order to provide scientific guidance for the identification of the early bronze metallurgical relics in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.It is found that there are two systems with tin and arsenic as the main alloying elements in the western part of the middle part of Anhui Province, which are different from those in southeast Hubei, northwest Jiangxi and southwest Anhui.In addition, the production of antimony bronze was also found in the southeast of Hubei and the central and western part of southern Anhui.The investigation is of great significance for understanding the north Jiangxi as a tin producer in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The closer the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the north of Jiangxi Province, the stronger the tin signal in bronze production, and the higher the proportion of arsenic bronze slag in Tongling is far away from the north of Jiangxi Province.Moreover, the metallurgical archaeological background of northern Jiangxi is relatively good, and there are no tin deposits in geological reports in Anhui and Hubei, suggesting that the source of tin is probably from northern Jiangxi, and the source of arsenic is local.The Yangtze River system plays an important role in the balance of resources.Bronze metallurgy in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, bronze casting activities did not achieve the separation of smelting and casting processes as in the Central Plains of Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the strict monopoly in high grade settlements, and even small and medium-sized settlements can even cast bronze ritual containers.Bronze production and use maintained its own local characteristics and failed to play the same social role as the Central Plains.The cultural background of this bronze industry pattern should belong to metallurgical production outside the Central Plains system.The field investigation and laboratory work of the early mining and metallurgical sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River provide important scientific materials for the study of the early civilization history and social complication in the Yangtze River basin.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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