身体形状与身体运动在生物运动的工作记忆加工中的作用

发布时间：2018-04-16 10:33

本文选题：工作记忆 + 生物运动　；参考：《山东师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：生物运动指的是人或动物在空间上的整体性移动行为。根据生物运动,人们轻松地就能识别动作、意图、情绪。这种技能依赖于对身体形状和身体运动线索的正确识别。以往有关生物运动的大量研究主要探讨了在视知觉过程中生物运动的加工机制,如生物运动知觉加工的基础是基于身体形状加工还是基于身体形状与身体运动的共同加工、身体形状与身体运动加工分离的神经机制等。有效完成生物运动的加工不仅需要视知觉的参与,还需要将生物运动信息存入工作记忆,以进行进一步的认知加工,从而完成复杂的社会认知与社会交往。然而,生物运动的工作记忆加工机制尚处于探索阶段,尤其是身体形状信息和身体运动信息在生物运动的工作记忆加工中的作用如何?生物运动在工作记忆加工过程中受哪些因素的影响?这些问题有待于进一步探讨。本研究尝试探讨身体形状信息与身体运动信息在生物运动的工作记忆加工中的作用,并从知觉者和知觉对象的角度深入探讨生物运动的工作记忆加工机制。对这一问题的探讨将有利于深入揭示生物运动的加工机制,有助于深入揭示生物运动知觉与工作记忆之间的关系。本研究主要从三方面展开研究。一是身体形状信息与身体运动信息在生物运动的工作记忆中是如何表征的。在生物运动知觉加工期间,负责身体形状加工的脑区内一直有明显的活动,这表明运动和形状加工都有助于生物运动知觉。由于视知觉加工过程中视觉信息的加工方式能够直接影响工作记忆中信息选择、编码、保持与提取的方式,那么,生物运动的工作记忆编码与保持是否基于对身体形状信息的加工?身体形状加工和身体运动加工在生物运动的工作记忆加工中的作用如何?二是从场独立—场依存这一知觉者个体差异的角度,比较两类个体在不同生物运动信息的工作记记忆容量、完成不同生物运动的工作记忆任务中的差异,深入揭示生物运动的工作记忆加工机制。三是从知觉对象不同特征的角度,探讨生物运动的工作记忆加工的影响因素。通过考察光点数量、光点持续时间、噪音遮蔽等因素对生物运动的工作记忆加工的影响,进一步揭示生物运动的工作记忆加工机制。生物运动的知觉加工的基础是基于对身体形状信息的加工,还是基于对身体形状和身体运动信息的共同加工,仍有争议,且两种信息的知觉加工方式的神经基础是分离的,视知觉加工过程中视觉信息的加工方式能够直接影响工作记忆中信息选择、编码、保持与提取。本研究假设,生物运动的工作记忆加工基础是基于对身体形状和身体运动信息的共同加工,身体形状信息与身体运动信息在工作记忆中存储的机制不同;不同认知方式个体生物运动的工作记忆加工存在不同;知觉对象的不同特征影响生物运动的工作记忆加工。本研究选择由椭圆运动序列表达的人体动作、身体运动、身体形状的刺激材料,采用行为实验与事件相关脑电位技术,变化觉察任务的范式,就.上述假设进行了系统探讨。第一部分主要探讨身体形状与身体运动在生物运动的工作记忆中的加工机制。在参照以往研究中实验材料设计的基础上,制作本研究的生物运动实验材料;在实验1a和实验1b中,通过对人体动作和身体形状刺激的单一呈现、混合呈现,考察生物运动的工作记忆中是否基于身体形状的加工,结果显示,在单独加工人体动作刺激后从运动的椭圆中提取的身体形状信息会得到编码,在混合加工人体动作与身体形状刺激后,随着记忆身体形状的负载增大人体动作刺激的记忆成绩下降,并且身体形状的记忆成绩也随着记忆人体动作负载增大而下降;在实验2中,通过在变化觉察任务中加入一项静态/动态干扰任务,考察身体形状和身体运动在生物运动的工作记忆表征中的作用,结果显示,基于形状的静态干扰任务损害了身体形状的加工,基于运动的动态干扰任务损害了身体运动的加工;在实验3中,采用事件相关电位技术,以慢波(SP)为指标,考察人体动作、身体运动与身体形状诱发的SP成分在大脑激活程度,探讨身体形状与身体运动在生物运动的工作记忆中的加工机制,结果显示,在生物运动的工作记忆表征中身体运动与身体形状信息对脑区的激活程度存在差异,在编码阶段身体形状信息的激活程度更高,而在保持阶段身体运动信息的激活程度更高。第二部分从知觉者不同认知方式的角度,探讨身体形状和身体运动在生物运动的工作记忆加工中的作用。通过比较场独立—场依存认知方式个体的身体运动(实验4a)、身体形状(实验4b)、生物运动(实验4c)的工作记忆容量差异,以及在生物运动的工作记忆任务、身体运动的工作记忆任务和身体形状的工作记忆任务中的差异(实验5),进一步探讨生物运动的工作记忆加工机制,结果显示,场独立个体身体运动的工作记忆容量高于场依存个体,其身体形状的工作记忆容量低于场依存个体;在完成身体运动工作记忆任务时,场独立个体的成绩好于场依存个体;在完成身体形状工作记忆任务时,场依存个体的成绩好于场独立个体。第三部分从知觉对象不同特征角度,探讨生物运动的工作记忆加工的影响因素。实验6考察构成运动序列的椭圆数量、实验7a考察固定步态周期下光点持续时间、实验7b考察固定画面数量下光点持续时间、实验8考察噪音遮蔽对生物运动的工作记忆加工的影响,结果显示,构成椭圆运动序列的椭圆数量的减少、画面数量的减少、静止的杂乱的光点噪音损害了生物运动中身体形状的记忆成绩;在画面数量固定条件下,椭圆持续时间的延长促进了生物运动中身体运动的记忆成绩,而打乱的椭圆运动序列光点噪音损害了生物运动中身体运动的记忆成绩。本研究主要得到以下结论。(1)在生物运动的工作记忆加工过程中,生物运动信息进入工作记忆是以基于身体形状和基于身体运动共同加工的方式被存储至工作记忆,并被表征为整合动作;在编码阶段,与身体运动加工相比,个体投入较多的心理资源对身体形状进行加工;在保持阶段,与身体形状加工相比,个体投入较多的心理资源对身体运动进行加工。(2)知觉者的认知方式影响生物运动的工作记忆加工,场独立个体生物运动的工作记忆加工更倾向依赖于身体运动信息,而场依存个体生物运动的工作记忆加工更倾向依赖于身体形状信息。(3)知觉对象的不同特征影响生物运动的工作记忆加工,构成运动序列的光点数量减少、静止的杂乱的光点噪音阻碍了生物运动的工作记忆加工中的身体形状加工;构成运动序列的光点持续时间的延长促进了生物运动的工作记忆加工中的身体运动加工,而包含身体运动信息的杂乱的光点噪音阻碍了身体运动加工。
[Abstract]:Biological movement refers to the overall movement of human or animal behavior in space. According to the movement, people easily identify the action, intention and emotion. This skill depends on the correct recognition of body shape and body motion cues. A lot of the previous research about the biological movement mainly discusses the processing mechanism of biological motion in visual perception in the process, such as basic biological motion perception processing is based on body shape processing or processing based on common body shape and body movement, body shape and body movement processing isolated neural mechanisms. The effective end processing of biological motion perception requires not only the participation, also needs to be biological motion information in working memory, the for a further cognitive processing, thus completing the social cognition and social communication complex. However, the working memory mechanism of biological movement is still in the exploration stage Some, especially how the role of the body shape information and body motion information in working memory processing of biological motion in biological motion? Which factors influence on working memory in the process? These problems need to be further discussed. This study attempts to explore the effect of body shape information and body movement information in working memory processing of biological motion in, from the perspective of perception and perception and object of the working memory mechanism of biological motion. The discussion on this issue will help to reveal the mechanism of processing of biological motion, is helpful to further reveal the relationship between biological motion perception and working memory. This research mainly launches the research from three aspects. The body shape and body movement information is how information is represented in the biological motion in working memory. During the biological motion perception, body shape and head The brain has obvious activity, which indicates that the motion and shape processing are helpful to biological motion perception. The processing method of visual information visual perception in the process of being able to choose information directly affect working memory encoding, maintain and extraction, then, working memory encoding of biological motion and maintain whether the processing of body based on shape information? How to effect of body shape processing and body motion processing in working memory processing of biological motion in? Two from the field independent - field dependence the perception of individual differences perspective, comparing the two types of individual work in different biological motion information memory capacity, complete the differences in working memory different tasks in biological motion, revealing the working memory mechanism of biological motion. The three is from the perception of objects of different characteristics of point of view, to explore the biological movement and working memory The influence of factors. By investigating the number of spot, spot duration, noise shielding and other factors on the working memory processing of biological motion, further reveal the mechanism of working memory processing of biological motion. Based on perceptual processing of biological motion is processed on the body based on the shape information, or based on the common processing of body shape and body the motion information, is still controversial, and the neural basis of perceptual processing method of two kinds of information are separated, processing visual information visual perception in the process to choose, choose information directly affects the working memory encoding, maintain and extraction. This study assumes that the working memory based processing of biological motion is common the body shape and body motion information based on the information mechanism of body shape and body movement information stored in the working memory in different different cognitive styles in a biological body; The working memory have different motion percepts; different characteristics affect the working memory of biological movement. This research chooses human action, expressed by elliptic motion sequence of body movement, body shape stimuli, behavioral experiment and event-related EEG technology using change detection task paradigm. The above assumptions the system of processing mechanism. The first part mainly discusses the body shape and body movement in biological motion in working memory. On the basis of referring to design experimental materials in previous studies on the biological material movement experiment of this study; in Experiments 1a and 1b, through a single presentation, to stimulate the body's movement and body shape the mixed presentation, studying biological motion in working memory processing, body shape based on the results, in a separate processing of human motion stimulation from motion The body shape information extracted ellipse will get encoding, in the mixed processing human motion and body shape after stimulation with the decrease of body shape memory load increases human action memory performance, and body shape memory performance with memory load and decreases body movement; in Experiment 2, by adding a static / dynamic the interference task in the change detection task, role, effects of body shape and body movement in the working memory representation of biological motion in the results show that the static interference task shape damage processing body shape based on dynamic motion interference task processing based on damage of body movement; in Experiment 3, using event related technology potential, the slow wave (SP) as the index, investigation of human action, the SP components of body movement and body shape induced in the brain activation degree of body shape and body. The processing mechanism, body motion in biological motion in working memory. The results show that in biological motion representation of working memory in the degree of activation of body movement and body shape information of brain differences in the degree of activation of the encoding stage body shape information is higher, while in the activation degree of holding stage body movement information is more high. The second part from the perception of different cognitive style point of view, to explore the effect of body shape and body movement in the working memory processing of biological motion in. By comparing the field independence and field dependence of individual body movements (Experiment 4a), body shape (Experiment 4b), biological motion (Experiment 4C) differences in working memory capacity, as well as in the working memory task of biological motion, differences in working memory task and the body shape of the working memory task in physical exercise (Experiment 5), to further explore the biological movement work The processing mechanism, memory results show that working memory capacity independent individual body movement is higher than field dependent individuals, working memory capacity is lower than the body shape of the field dependent individual; in complete physical exercise working memory task, field independent individual performance better than the field dependence of a body in body shape; the working memory task, field depending on individual performance better than field independent individuals. The third part from the perspective of perceptual objects of different characteristics, discusses the factors that influence the working memory of biological motion. Experiment 6 investigated form an ellipse motion sequence number, experiment 7a studies the gait cycle duration under fixed spot, experiment 7b studies the fixed picture number under the light duration, Experiment 8 study on the effect of noise masking, working memory processing of biological motion shows that elliptical elliptical motion constitutes a reduced number sequence, reduce the number of pictures, The rest of the messy spot noise damage to the body shape of biological motion in memory performance; in the condition of fixed picture quantity, elliptical duration promotes body movement in biological motion memory, and elliptical motion sequence noise damage spot disrupt the body movement in biological motion memory. This study obtained the following conclusion. (1) in biological motion during working memory processing, biological motion information into working memory is based on body shape and body movement based on common processing is stored into the working memory, and is characterized as the integration of action; in the encoding stage, and body movement processing compared to the individual investment more psychological resources processing of body shape; in the stage of maintenance, and body shape processing compared to individual input more psychological resources to carry on the processing of body movement. (2) perceived Cognitive effects of working memory processing of biological motion, working memory processing individual biological motion tend to depend on body motion information, and working memory processing field dependent individual biological motion tend to depend on body shape information. (3) the object of perception is not the same characteristics of the working memory processing of biological motion, a number of the spot motion sequence is reduced, still messy spot noise hindered body shape processing in working memory processing of biological motion in a motion sequence; light duration promotes the body movement processing working memory processing of biological motion in the body, and contains the motion information of messy spot noise hindered the movement of the body processing.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.3

【参考文献】