现代汉语受事主语句研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 01:18

本文选题：受事主语句 + 界定　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：受事主语句是现代汉语比较重要而特殊的句式,受到研究者们的广泛关注,取得了不少成果,但仍然有不少研究空间有待挖掘,比如受事主语句的界定和分类、受事主语句的典型性强弱等级、受事主语句表意功能与话语功能的关系、受事主语句现实性与非现实性的句法表现等。本文的研究以“NP受+VP”句式为主,并与“NP受+NP施+VP”和“NP施+NP受+VP”比较对受事主语句进行研究。全文共八个部分:引言部分主要介绍了本文的研究内容、研究思路、研究方法、语料来源以及语料说明。第一章是受事主语句的研究现状与发展趋势。主要对现代汉语受事主语句的研究状况进行了归纳和总结,指出受事主语句研究取得的成果、争论的焦点及原因,提出受事主语句今后可以挖掘的研究空间和值得进一步深入探讨问题。第二章是受事主语句的界定及分类。本文从陆俭明、沈阳(2004)提出的“汉语抽象动词结构形式”入手,推导出受事主语句的结构式为:(a)NP受+VP,(b)NP受+NP施+VP,(c)NP施+NP受+VP,同时结构式必须满足两个语义条件:(1)移位后的NP受仍然是动词的必有论元,语义角色在移位前后不能发生变化,(2)NP受前任何情况下都不能添加介词。受事主语句是一个原型范畴,有典型和非典型之分。典型受事主语句包括承事、使事、结果作主语的句子,非典型受事主语句包括工具、处所、动机、对象作主语的句子,而方式、时间和系事不能进入受事主语句。第三章是典型受事主语句的句法语义功能和三个结构式之间的比较。NP受一般是结构比较简单的名词或代词短语,具有受事性、定指性、有界性、无生性和弱施事性的语义特征,VP一般是带前附成分或后附成分的复杂形式,NP施形式非常简单,一般是表有生的光杆名词或代词。受事主语句结构式不同传达的信息量也不同,主题一般都是结构式句首的名词或名词性短语,焦点常落在补语、状语或助动词上。与“NP受+NP施+VP”和“NP施+NP受+VP”比较,“NP受+VP”是明显的优势语序。第四章是非典型受事主语句的句法语义功能。非典型受事主语句中的工具可以作施事主语和受事主语,句法上有两条判别标准:作受事主语时或者不能添加“施事+‘用’”结构,或者不能带宾语,作施事主语时不受此限制。无论做施事主语还是受事主语,工具既有施事性或受事性特征,同时也有其自身的“力传递”特征。处所作主语时没有方位词标记,既是客观世界中的场所,也是作为一种受动作作用的物体而具有受事性。动机是表非实体的抽象名词,作主语时与工具、处所一样,兼有受事性和自身的动机角色。对象受所支配动词的影响,受事性极其微弱,但有界性和定指性特征非常突出。第五章是受事主语句的典型性强弱等级和认知解释。典型受事主语句的受事性强弱等级是:承事主语句㧐使事主语句㧐结果主语句;非典型受事主语受事性强弱等级是:工具主语句(确切地说应该是工具受事主语句)㧐处所主语句㧐动机主语句㧐对象主语句。认知上的凸显度和动名之间的语义关联度是受事能够移到动词前作主语的原因。第六章是受事主语句的及物性考察和分析。“NP受+VP”的及物性是一个连续统,这个连续统决定了“NP受+VP”的句法表现和表意功能也呈连续统分布:越往低及物方向越倾向于表描写或评议,句法上多使用心理动词、可能补语,越往高及物方向越倾向于表叙述,句法上多使用动作动词(特别是变化动词)、结果补语、趋向补语、时态标记“了”。“NP受+VP”的及物性高低受话语功能的驱动,以中低及物句为主的“NP受+VP”一般作篇章表达的背景部分,少数高及物句的“NP受+VP”作篇章表达的前景部分。第七章是受事主语句的现实性和非现实性表现。“NP受+VP”的现实性句法表现主要是动补结构、时态助词、时间副词及描摹性状语,非现实性句法表现主要是复句、疑问句、陈述句中的评注性副词、情态动词和可能补语。“NP受+VP”现实句的比例远远高于非现实句。
[Abstract]:Subject sentence is one of the most important and special sentence patterns in modern Chinese. Many achievements have been made by the researchers, but there are still a lot of research space to be excavated, such as the definition and classification of the subject subject sentences, the typicality of the subject sentence, the relationship between the ideographic function of the subject and the function of the discourse. There are eight parts in this paper, which are "NP subject to +VP" and compared with "NP +NP +VP" and "NP +NP receiving +VP". The first chapter is the research status and development trend of subject subject sentence. It mainly summarizes and summarizes the research situation of the subject sentence of modern Chinese, points out the achievements of the subject sentence research, the focus and reason of the argument, and puts forward the research space that the subject sentence can be excavated in the future and is worth further exploring. The second chapter is the definition and classification of the subject subject sentence. This paper, starting with Lu Jianming and Shenyang (2004), derives the structure form of the "Chinese abstract verb", and derives the structure of the subject sentence: (a) NP is subject to +VP, (b) NP is applied to +NP +VP, (c) NP +NP subject to +VP, and the same time structure must satisfy the two semantic conditions: (1) the NP is still affected after the shift. The verb must have the argument, the semantic role can not change before and after the shift, (2) NP can not be added preposition under any circumstances. The subject subject sentence is a prototype category, there are typical and atypical points. The typical subject subject sentence includes the words, the matter, the result as the subject, the atypical subject sentence including the tool, the place, the motivation, The third chapter is the comparison between the syntactic and semantic function of the typical subject sentence and the comparison between the three structural expressions. The.NP is generally a noun or pronoun phrase which is generally simple in structure, with the semantic features of the subject, the definiteness, the boundedness, the non life and the weak action. VP is usually a complex form with a preattached or appended component. The form of NP is very simple, usually the form of a born light pole noun or pronoun. The amount of information conveyed differently by the subject sentence structure is also different. The subject is generally a noun or noun phrase of the structural sentence, and the focal point often falls on the complement, adverbial or auxiliary word. And "NP is +." NP +VP "and" NP +NP by +VP "," NP subject to +VP "is an obvious predominant word order. The fourth chapter is the syntactic and semantic function of the atypical subject sentence. The tool in the atypical subject sentence can be used as the subject and subject, and there are two criteria in Syntax: when the subject subject is subject to the subject or can not add" the application + use '" "Structure, or can't take object, is not restricted by the subject language. Whether it is the subject or subject, the tool has both the characteristic of the application and the subject. It also has its own" force transmission "characteristics. As a subject, there is no sign of the orientation word, which is both a place in the objective world and an action action. The motivation is an abstract noun. The motive is an abstract noun that is not an entity. As a subject, it is the same as a tool and a place. It has both subject and self motivational roles. The object is influenced by the dominant verb and is extremely weak, but its boundedness and definiteness are very prominent. The fifth chapter is the typicality and cognitive solution of the subject subject sentence. The strength and weakness level of a typical subject subject sentence is: a subject sentence, a subject sentence, a result subject sentence; an atypical subject subject to a subject sentence: a tool subject sentence (exactly should a tool subject subject sentence), a subject sentence, a subject sentence, a subject sentence, a cognitive protruding degree and a verb name The sixth chapter is the transitivity investigation and analysis of the subject subject sentence. The transitivity of the subject subject sentence is the sixth chapter. The transitivity of "+VP" is a continuum, which determines that the syntactic and ideographic functions of "NP by +VP" are also continuous distribution: the more the lower transitive direction, the more inclined to the description or evaluation of the table. It is syntactically used in syntactically the use of psychological verbs, possibly complements, the more inclined to the table narration in the direction of high transitivity, the more the action verbs (especially the change verbs) are used syntactically, the resultant complement, the complement to the complement, the tense mark "the". The transitivity of the "NP subject to +VP" is driven by the power of the discourse, and the "NP subject to the middle and low transitive" sentence is generally the "+VP". In the background part of the text expression, the "NP +VP" in the few high transitive sentences is the foreground part of the text expression. The seventh chapter is the realistic and unrealistic expression of the subject subject sentence. The realistic syntactic expression of "NP by +VP" is mainly the verb complement structure, the tense auxiliary word, the time adverb and the copy adverbial, and the non realistic syntactic expression is mainly complex. A sentence, an interrogative sentence, a commentary adverb in a declarative sentence, a modal verb and a possible complement. The proportion of "NP is subject to +VP" is much higher than that of a non real sentence.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H146

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