汉英空间方位表达对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 05:53

  本文选题：空间方位 + 汉英对比　； 参考：《黑龙江大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：本文是汉、英两种语言在共时平面上的对比研究。空间概念是人类认知外部世界的基础,汉、英语言中很多的非空间概念都是由空间概念通过隐喻而来的,这足以体现空间方位范畴的基础性和重要性。本项研究以空间方位作为深层概念语义,建立以静态位置范畴和动态位移范畴为子范畴的空间方位研究框架,考察两种语言表达同一深层语义体现出来的认知角度和编码方式上的共性与特性。研究的主要任务是通过大量的实际语料分析,找出并描写汉英表达的共同性和差异性,运用语言内部制约因素和认知语言学以及类型学研究的相关成果对现象进行合理解释。论文的前三章介绍了本文的写作意图;回顾了迄今为止国内外的相关研究成果;对研究的范围和内容进行界定与分类,交代论文的总体框架,为后续的对比工作打下基础。第四、第五、第六章为本文的重点章节,分别从汉、英的表达手段和两个子范畴的角度进行对比。在每个对比角度上,本文都先列举表达相关概念语义的主要组构要素,继而按照语义的细化分类来匹配两种语言中的表达要素,最后对比两种语言对相同语义的编码差异并找出规律,解析造成差异的原因。两种语言的表达手段分为“名同值异”和“值同形异”两类,既有相同之处,又无法一一对应,各自拥有特殊的表达手段。静态位置范畴按照目标物、参照物以及表示存在状态的动词分别对比论述;动态位移范畴按照[动体]、[背景]、[运动]、[路径]四个基本语义要素的词汇化形式和表达语义的编码方式展开对比研究。本文按照对比实际语料和翻译验证的方法,通过汉译英、英译汉的方法处理语料,进一步揭示两种语言的异同。第七章对全文内容进行总结,对研究的贡献和不足之处逐一梳理,并对未来研究做出展望。本文的研究发现,汉、英语对空间方位范畴的表达体现出的相同点为:二者都可以将空间方位范畴分为静态位置、动态位移两个子范畴进行研究;对目标物和参照物的选取有共同倾向性;物体的实体性都是表达的影响因素;都可以用存在句、处所句以及假想位移句表达静态位置关系;对动态位移的表达都可以根据[动体]与[运动]的不同关系区分出自移和致移两类;对[路径]义的表达都属于附加语类型(S型)等等。汉、英表达空间方位范畴的异同点:对相同概念语义的表达要素不同;目标物和参照物在复合方位词、方位短语、存在句等单位中,语序的组合方式相反;空间维度表达的精准程度不同;位移句中对路径描写的细致程度不同;自移和致移的体现方法不同等。对比得出的两种语言的共性和个性与各自语言系统属性相关;与语言使用者的认知策略、思维角度、文化背景等非语言本体因素相关。汉语属于孤立语,缺乏形态变化,语义关系主要靠语序和语法结构来表达,语序相对灵活,语言的象似性(iconicity)程度高;英语属于屈折语,形态丰富,表达语义时大多可以直接或间接地通过形态(如时态、语态等)变化来表达,语序相对固定,语言的规约性(conventionality)程度高。认知语言学的理论是我们解释两种语言差异的有效手段,两种语言的使用者对空间方位的认知具有共性,同时由于对空间场景的扫描方式不同,体现为语言表层的差异性。对比得出的结论具有类型学意义,并可以为英汉互译和对外汉语教学提供帮助。
[Abstract]:This article is the contrastive study of the Chinese and English languages on the synchronic plane. Space concept is the basis of human cognition of the external world. In Han, many non spatial concepts in English words are derived from the concept of space by metaphor. This is enough to reflect the basic and important nature of the spatial orientation category. It establishes a spatial orientation research framework based on the category of static position and the category of dynamic displacement, and examines the similarities and characteristics in the cognitive and coding ways of the two languages to express the same deep meaning. The main task of this study is to find and describe the commonality of the Chinese and English expressions through a large number of practical materials analysis. And differences, use the internal constraints of language and the relevant achievements of cognitive linguistics and typology to explain the phenomenon reasonably. The first three chapters of the thesis introduce the writing intention of this paper, review the relevant research results at home and abroad so far, define and classify the scope and content of the research, and explain the overall frame of the paper. The fourth, fifth, and sixth chapters are the key sections of this article, which are compared from the angle of the expression means of Han, English and two subcategories. In each contrast, the main components of the semantic meaning are enumerated first, and then the two types are matched according to the detailed classification of the semantics. The expression elements in the language are compared with the two languages to identify the differences in the same semantics and to find out the reasons for the difference. The expression means of the two languages are divided into two categories: "name and same value difference" and "value homomorphism". A contrastive comparison is made between the objects, the reference objects and the verbs expressing the state of existence; the category of dynamic displacement is compared to the lexicalization form and the encoding method of the expression semantics of the four basic semantic elements of [motion], [background], [motion], and [path]. The method of translating Chinese is to deal with the language material and further reveal the similarities and differences between the two languages. The seventh chapter summarizes the content of the full text, combs the contribution and the shortcomings of the research, and makes a prospect for the future research. The domain is divided into static position and dynamic displacement in two subcategories; the selection of objects and objects has common tendency; the entity of the object is the influence factor of the expression; the static position relation can be expressed by the existential sentence, the sentence and the imaginary displacement sentence; the expression of the dynamic displacement can be based on the [motion body] and the [movement]. There are two categories of self migration and transfer in different relations areas; the expression of "path" is all of the type of adjunct (S type). The similarities and differences of the spatial orientation category of Han and British are different: the elements of the same concept semantics are different; the combination of object and reference in compound azimuth, short language and existential sentence is the opposite; space is opposite; space is the opposite of the word order; The precise degree of dimension expression is different; the degree of meticulous description of the path is different in the displacement sentence; the methods of self movement and movement are different. The similarities and personalities of the two languages are related to the attributes of their respective language system; it is related to the non linguistic factors such as the cognitive strategies, the thinking angle and the cultural background of the language users. It belongs to the isolated language and lacks morphological changes. The semantic relationship is mainly expressed in word order and grammatical structure, the word order is relatively flexible and the language's iconicity (iconicity) is high. English belongs to the inflection language, and the form is rich in form. Most of the expression can be expressed directly or indirectly through the form (such as tense, voice, etc.), and the language order is relatively fixed, language order is relatively fixed, language order is relatively fixed, language order is relatively fixed, language The theory of cognitive linguistics is a high degree of conventionality. The theory of cognitive linguistics is an effective means to explain the differences between two languages. The users of the two languages have commonness in the cognition of the spatial orientation, and the difference in the surface of the language because of the different scanning ways of the space scene. It can also help translation between English and Chinese and teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H315.9
，

本文编号：1958550