英国对中国的飞机贸易及其政策演变（1954-1972）
发布时间：2018-10-26 16:59
【摘要】：东西方贸易管制,是美苏冷战对峙的产物。在巴统出口管制的所有产品中,飞机是最具代表性的物资。飞机兼具民用和军事双重属性,巴统飞机贸易的管制和政策,集中反映了冷战时期东西方贸易的基本特征。本文即是通过叙述美国和巴统贸易管制体系下,英国对中国的飞机贸易及其管制政策,并以此来关注和研究冷战时期东西方贸易关系的相关问题。英国对中国的飞机出售及其政策变化,与冷战和地区局势密切相关。新中国的成立,与巴统的建立几乎同时。民用飞机和军用飞机,开始都被纳入巴统军需品禁运清单。而在巴统正式活动之前,英国就开始对中国进行飞机出口限制。朝鲜战争结束后,冷战局势趋于缓和,美国和巴统的贸易管制得以放松。20世纪50年代后半期,英国飞机工业陷入发展困境,成为其推动对华飞机出口的直接和内部原因。而中苏关系也在此时恶化,并影响到两国的经济技术援助,包括航空产品和技术。中国开始将对外贸易的重心,由苏东转向西欧国家。正是在上述背景和条件下,英国才开启了对中国的飞机贸易。此外,中印关系的恶化、越南战争的形势、中国核试验的成功、中英政治关系的起伏、中巴友好关系的建立、世界航空市场的变化、中苏贸易关系的改善、中美两国飞机市场间的联系、中美关系的缓和等众多因素,都不同程度地影响到了英国对中国的飞机贸易及其政策。伴随英国对华飞机贸易及其政策的变化,中英贸易以及东西方贸易的内容、性质和特征也在发生着变化。总体上而言,英国的东西方贸易管制政策和力度,宽于美国而略严于法(西)德。在美国对华全面禁运背景下,中国与西欧及日本贸易关系的维系,尤其是英国扩大对华贸易的努力和实践,对中国有着特殊且非常重要的意义。冷战时期,苏东国家和中国与西方国家贸易的不同结果,一定程度上造成了两者在冷战中的不同结局。此外,冷战时期的中国对外贸易关系,尤其是中西经济关系的状况,与东西方贸易的总体状况密切相关。
[Abstract]:The East-West trade regulation was the product of the Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Aircraft are the most representative of all products under export control. Aircraft has both civil and military attributes, and the control and policy of trade in Batumi aircraft reflect the basic characteristics of East-West trade during the Cold War. This paper deals with the aircraft trade and its control policy between Britain and China under the trade control system between the United States and Pakistan, so as to pay close attention to and study the issues related to the East-West trade relations during the Cold War. British aircraft sales to China and its policy changes are closely related to the cold war and the regional situation. The founding of New China was almost at the same time as the establishment of Batumi. Both civil and military aircraft were initially included in the Batumi munitions embargo list. And before the official event, Britain began to impose restrictions on aircraft exports to China. After the Korean War, the Cold War situation tended to ease, and the trade control between the United States and Pakistan was relaxed. In the second half of the 1950s, the British aircraft industry fell into a difficult position, which became the direct and internal reason to promote the export of aircraft to China. Relations between China and the Soviet Union also deteriorated at this time, affecting the two countries' economic and technical assistance, including aviation products and technology. China began to shift the focus of foreign trade from the Soviet Union to the Western European countries. It was against these background and conditions that Britain began trading aircraft with China. In addition, the deterioration of Sino-Indian relations, the situation in the Vietnam War, the success of China's nuclear tests, the ups and downs of Sino-British political relations, the establishment of friendly relations between China and Pakistan, the changes in the world aviation market, and the improvement of Sino-Soviet trade relations, Many factors, such as the relationship between China and the United States, and the relaxation of Sino-US relations, have affected British aircraft trade with China and its policies to varying degrees. With the changes of British aircraft trade with China and its policies, the contents, nature and characteristics of Sino-British trade and East-West trade are also changing. Generally speaking, the East-West trade control policy of Britain is more lenient than that of the United States and slightly stricter than that of France (West) Germany. Against the background of the American embargo on China, the maintenance of trade relations between China and Western Europe and Japan, especially the efforts and practices of Britain to expand trade with China, is of special and very important significance to China. During the Cold War, the different results of the trade between the Soviet Union and the Eastern countries and China and the Western countries, to some extent, resulted in the different outcomes of the two countries in the Cold War. In addition, China's foreign trade relations during the Cold War, especially the economic relations between China and the West, are closely related to the overall situation of East-West trade.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K561.5
本文编号：2296398
[Abstract]:The East-West trade regulation was the product of the Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Aircraft are the most representative of all products under export control. Aircraft has both civil and military attributes, and the control and policy of trade in Batumi aircraft reflect the basic characteristics of East-West trade during the Cold War. This paper deals with the aircraft trade and its control policy between Britain and China under the trade control system between the United States and Pakistan, so as to pay close attention to and study the issues related to the East-West trade relations during the Cold War. British aircraft sales to China and its policy changes are closely related to the cold war and the regional situation. The founding of New China was almost at the same time as the establishment of Batumi. Both civil and military aircraft were initially included in the Batumi munitions embargo list. And before the official event, Britain began to impose restrictions on aircraft exports to China. After the Korean War, the Cold War situation tended to ease, and the trade control between the United States and Pakistan was relaxed. In the second half of the 1950s, the British aircraft industry fell into a difficult position, which became the direct and internal reason to promote the export of aircraft to China. Relations between China and the Soviet Union also deteriorated at this time, affecting the two countries' economic and technical assistance, including aviation products and technology. China began to shift the focus of foreign trade from the Soviet Union to the Western European countries. It was against these background and conditions that Britain began trading aircraft with China. In addition, the deterioration of Sino-Indian relations, the situation in the Vietnam War, the success of China's nuclear tests, the ups and downs of Sino-British political relations, the establishment of friendly relations between China and Pakistan, the changes in the world aviation market, and the improvement of Sino-Soviet trade relations, Many factors, such as the relationship between China and the United States, and the relaxation of Sino-US relations, have affected British aircraft trade with China and its policies to varying degrees. With the changes of British aircraft trade with China and its policies, the contents, nature and characteristics of Sino-British trade and East-West trade are also changing. Generally speaking, the East-West trade control policy of Britain is more lenient than that of the United States and slightly stricter than that of France (West) Germany. Against the background of the American embargo on China, the maintenance of trade relations between China and Western Europe and Japan, especially the efforts and practices of Britain to expand trade with China, is of special and very important significance to China. During the Cold War, the different results of the trade between the Soviet Union and the Eastern countries and China and the Western countries, to some extent, resulted in the different outcomes of the two countries in the Cold War. In addition, China's foreign trade relations during the Cold War, especially the economic relations between China and the West, are closely related to the overall situation of East-West trade.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K561.5
【参考文献】
相关博士学位论文 前2条
1 宋良;英国对台湾的贸易政策研究（1949-1965）[D];华东师范大学;2015年
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相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 冯小笛;美英在对华经济制裁上的分歧[D];外交学院;2010年
2 何海波;尼克松政府对华贸易管制政策的缓和[D];东北师范大学;2006年
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