3-6岁幼儿身体功能性动作体系的构建与实证研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 14:11

  本文关键词：3-6岁幼儿身体功能性动作体系的构建与实证研究　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 幼儿 身体功能性动作体系 动作发展

【摘要】：“健康中国2030”规划纲要指出,人的健康发展是贯穿整个生命周期,而幼儿期是人健康发展的初期,也是培养健康习惯的重要时期。动作作为媒介,是幼儿交流和成长的方式,在练习中学习动作、在动作中获得生存,所以动作发展是幼儿健康成长的核心焦点。良好的动作技能发展和习得,对幼儿机能发育、素质增长、认知增强、行为良好及社会适应促进等方面具有重要影响。本文通过对幼儿身体形态、机能、素质、心智及动作发展等方面规律进行总结,结合人类动作发展、动作学习与控制等相关理论,建立一套3-6岁幼儿身体功能性动作体系,从而重新对幼儿动作发展的脉络进行定义,并罗列各年龄段、各动作发展阶段所适合学习的内容和练习方式。本文采用文献资料法,对有关文献进行查阅和梳理;通过访谈法,对幼儿教育、幼儿心理、动作发展及功能性训练方面专家进行访谈,以期对3-6岁幼儿身体功能性动作体系构建以及实证研究方案确定,提供相应的理论支撑和科学依据。通过实验法,将所建立的身体功能性动作与不同年龄段幼儿各方面的发展特点进行结合,对各年龄段幼儿进行干预研究,以实证研究方式观察所设计的身体功能性动作对不同年龄段男女幼儿粗大动作、身体素质、行为表现等方面的影响;通过测量法和数理统计法,对实验前后所得数据进行分析,准确、客观量化幼儿不同测试指标的意义与相关性,从而对所建立的3-6岁幼儿身体功能动作体系的科学性和有效性进行验证、优化和补充。本文具体的研究结论如下:1、通过对3-6岁幼儿各方面发展规律梳理和归纳,与人类动作发展理论、动作学习与控制等相关理论相结合,建立3-6岁幼儿身体功能性动作发展金字塔模型,分为功能性动作模式、动作模式、功能性动作技能和基本动作技能四个方面,共由338种动作分类与练习方式构成,其中:功能性动作模式,分为9类、16种动作;动作模式,分为8类、49种动作;功能性动作技能,分为105种练习方式;基本动作技能,分为3类、27种、168个练习方式。2、粗大动作发展方面,园本体育活动和身体功能性动作,都可对3-6岁幼儿粗大动作的发展产生积极影响,但在均衡发展三个年龄段男女生位移类动作和控制类动作的学习效果方面,身体功能性动作练习要优于园本体育活动内容。但仍需对侧滑步、前滑步、前跨跳和踢球技能的身体功能性动作练习内容进行完善。两种练习内容在促进各年龄段幼儿粗大动作发展方面没有显著性别差异。3、身体素质方面,园本体育活动和身体功能性动作都能对3-6岁男女幼儿产生影响。前者对中班和小班幼儿影响较大,集中体现在平衡、灵敏和爆发方面,但多数测试指标较实验前无显著变化;而身体功能性动作练习可以较为全面发展各年龄段幼儿灵敏、速度和平衡等身体素质,在干预效果上要优于园本体育活动内容,但仍需完善男女生在功能性速度模块、功能性灵敏模块和功能性力量模块方面的练习内容。4、行为表现方面,园本体育活动仅能使4-6岁对照组幼儿行为问题得分略低于实验前,无法使中班和小班男女生行为表现问题出现显著性变化。身体功能性动作,可以较为显著改善4-6岁实验组幼儿行为表现问题,且效果优于对照组幼儿,其中实验组男生较女生在内向性行为问题改善方面要显著。5、感觉统合方面,园本体育活动内容对5-6岁对照组幼儿前庭功能与本体感觉方面影响较为显著,而触觉防御和学习能力方面改变则不显著。功能性动作练习能对5-6岁实验组男女生感觉统合的四个方面产生显著影响,且效果优于园本体育活动内容。并且,对照组和实验组男女生幼儿,在感觉统合能力方面没有显著的性别差异。
[Abstract]:"Health China 2030" plan pointed out, the healthy development of people is through the whole life cycle, and the early childhood is people's healthy development, is also an important period to develop healthy habits. Act as a medium, children's growth and exchange way, learning action in practice, to survive in the action, so the development of action is the core focus of the healthy growth of children. Good skill on children's development and acquisition, function development, quality growth, cognitive enhancement, good behavior and social adaptation has important influence to promote other aspects. Based on the children's body shape, function, quality, mental and motor development and other aspects were summarized, combined with human movement development action, learning and control theory, establish a set of 3-6 years old children's physical function of the action system, and to the development of children's action in definition, and list the Age, the action stage of development for learning the content and way of practice. In this paper, using the method of literature review, and combs the related literature; through interviews, to the kindergarten education, children's psychological development, action and functional training, expert interview, in order to determine the construction of 3-6 years old children's body functional movement system and program of empirical research, provide theoretical support and scientific basis. Through the experiment, the development characteristics of the body function of action will be established and the children of different ages with intervention study of each age children, the functional movements of the body by a positive study on the design of different the age of male and female infant gross motor, body quality, influence behavior etc.; through measurement and mathematical statistics, before and after the experiment were used to analyze the data, accurate, guest The significance and correlation of quantitative view of children of different testing index, so as to verify the scientificity and effectiveness of the 3-6 years old children's body function system, optimization and supplement. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1 specific, by the law of the various aspects of 3-6 years old child carding and induction, and human movement development theory motor learning and control, and other related theories, the establishment of 3-6 years old children's body functional movement development model of Pyramid, divided into functional operation mode, operation mode, the four aspects of functional skills and basic skill, consists of 338 kinds of action classification and practice form, including: functional movement patterns, divided for the 9 class, 16 kinds of action; action mode, is divided into 8 categories, 49 kinds of action; functional skill, is divided into 105 kinds of exercises; basic skill, is divided into 3 categories, 27 species, 168 practicing.2, gross motor development. The park, sports activities and physical function of action, can produce a positive impact on the development of children aged 3-6 in gross motor, but the development of the three age gender displacement class movement and control class action learning effect in equilibrium, physical functional exercise is better than the garden of the sports activities. But still need to on the front side slide, slide body, cross functional movement before jumping and kicking a ball skill practice content improved. Two kinds of practice content have no significant gender differences in the promotion of.3 in different age children's gross motor development, physical fitness, kindergarten sports activities and physical functional movements can affect men and women aged 3-6 children. The former has great influence on middle and small children, embodied in the balance, agility and outbreak, but the majority of the test before the experiment index is no significant change; and the physical function of the exercise is to The development of preschoolers' sensitivity, speed and balance of physical quality, superior to the garden of the sports activities in the intervention effect, but still need to improve the speed of male and female students in the functional module, functional module and power module sensitive functional exercises on.4 contents, the behavior, the only sports park the 4-6 age group of children's behavioral problems scored slightly lower than before the experiment, to make the middle and small behavior problems of male and female students showed significant changes. The functions of the body movements, can significantly improve the 4-6 experimental group of children's behavior problems, and the effect is better than the control group children, the experimental group of boys than girls to improve significant.5 in internalizing behavior problems and sensory integration, the contents of sports activities for 5-6 years of vestibular function and body control group children feeling a significant impact, and tactile defense and Science The change of learning ability is not significant. The functional exercise can have a significant impact on the four aspects of the experimental group of male and female students aged 5-6 in sensory integration, and better than the park sports activities. In addition, the control group and the experimental group of men and women born children, no significant gender differences in sensory integration ability.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G613.7
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本文编号：1360095