大型抽油机动态应变检测与分析

发布时间：2017-12-28 05:20

本文关键词：大型抽油机动态应变检测与分析　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国制造业快速发展,航空航天,石油、船舶、高铁、风电、汽车等行业重型机械的大型复杂结构或复杂曲面的动态运动过程变形应变检测成为难题。油田抽油机是石油工业重要的钻懫设备,但抽油机经常出现整机工作不正常、部分关键零部件磨损、断裂失效等问题。由于其长期处于工作状态以及自身体积尺寸较大限制,很难针对其工作状态及性能及时进行判断和后期针对影响抽油机工作的重要问题进行优化改进。论文依托新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目“油田大型抽油装备全尺寸检测技术开发”(2013911032),围绕油田生产现场快速实现抽油设备三维轮廓外形尺寸和变形应变检测进行研究。论文针对传统测量在测量分析抽油机工作过程中无法实现动态、实时、全局测量的问题,提出基于数字散斑相关法,来实现油田大型抽油机在实际工作状态下对其动态应力应变进行实时测量。运用数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)技术现场采集油田抽油机在实时工作状态下的数字散斑图像,并将采集得数字图像完成匹配,根据动态过程中数字图像的灰度值来得到其表面的位移变化情况;获取的海量点云数据通过处理和对比检测系统,快速解算抽油机动态过程中应力应变变化情况。抽油机游梁轴承座作为抽油机关键部位,经常出现裂纹等破坏情况,以抽油机游梁轴承座为例,对其在实际运动过程中进行三维动态测量,得到其动态应力应变变化情况。将抽油机动态测量实际结果和抽油机模型通过有限元分析结果进行比较,结果表明基于数字散斑相关方法测得的应变极值分布与有限元模拟分析的结果整体变化趋势趋于吻合,同时基于数字散斑相关方法测得的应力极值分布与有限元模拟分析结果也趋于吻合。该方法可以精确、高效的得到抽油机动态变化情况。现有设备由于硬件条件限制实际未能完成其动态应变测量,通过实际研究和理论分析制定出相应的合理方案。方便后期相关测试的展开。所测结果表明,数字散斑相关法是一种可以精确获得抽油机动态全场应变、应力的有效手段。同时为新疆某机床厂抽油机后期优化设计,减少危险事故发生提供重要参考依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of manufacturing industry in China, deformation and strain detection becomes a difficult problem in the dynamic process of large complex structure or complex curved surface of heavy machinery, such as aerospace, petroleum, shipbuilding, high-speed railway, wind power, automobile and other industries. The oil pump is an important oil industry Zhi drilling equipment, but the problem of oil pumping machine often machine is not working properly, some key components of wear and fracture failure etc.. Because of its long working state and large size limitation, it is difficult to judge its working state and performance in time and optimize the important problems affecting the pumping unit later. This paper relies on the the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region science and technology branch project "the large size oil extraction equipment full scale inspection technology development" (2013911032). Aiming at the problem that traditional measurement can not achieve dynamic, real-time and global measurement in the process of measurement and analysis of pumping units, a digital speckle correlation method is proposed to achieve real-time measurement of the dynamic stress and strain of large pumping units under actual working conditions. Using digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) technology field collection of oil pumping oil machine in digital real-time working condition under the speckle image, and will have to complete the acquisition of digital image matching based on gray value of the image in the digital dynamic process to get the displacement of the surface; obtain the point cloud data through processing and contrast detection system, fast calculation of change of stress and strain pump dynamic process. As the key part of pumping unit, the beam bearing block of pumping unit often appears cracks and other failure conditions. Taking the beam bearing block of pumping unit as an example, the three-dimensional dynamic measurement is carried out in the actual movement process, and the dynamic stress and strain changes are obtained. The pump dynamic measurement results and actual pumping model by comparing the results of finite element analysis results show that the distribution of extreme strain digital speckle correlation method based on the measured results and the finite element simulation analysis of the overall trend is consistent, while the digital speckle correlation method based on the measured stress extreme value distribution and Co. element analysis result tends to coincide. This method can accurately and efficiently get the dynamic change of the pumping unit. The existing equipment can not complete the dynamic strain measurement because of the restriction of the hardware condition, and the corresponding reasonable scheme is made through the actual research and the theoretical analysis. It is convenient for the later related tests to be carried out. The measured results show that the digital speckle correlation method is an effective means to accurately obtain the dynamic full field strain and stress of the pumping unit. At the same time, it provides an important reference for the late optimization design of the pumping unit in a machine tool factory of Xinjiang and reducing the occurrence of dangerous accidents.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE933.1;TP391.41

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