AgileDARN高频雷达多点干涉测量技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 09:44

本文关键词：AgileDARN高频雷达多点干涉测量技术研究　出处：《中国科学院大学(中国科学院国家空间科学中心)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电离层是指距离地表60公里以上的空间环境,是人类活动最多的区域。随着人类科学技术的进步,越来越多的科研活动受到电离层的影响。因此电离层探测一直是科研工作的重点领域,尤其是中高纬度地区的电离层。从上世纪80年代中期开始,国际上探测中高纬度电离层的高频雷达不断发展壮大,并成立了国际超级双子极光雷达观测网,即Super Dual Auroral Radar Network,简称SuperDARN。SuperDARN雷达网由于其广泛的地域覆盖以及高精度的连续测量逐渐成为研究极区电离层活动重要的观测工具。我国中国高纬度地区电离层探测活动起步比较晚,于2010年建成南极中山站高频雷达加入到国际SuperDARN雷达网中,并取得了一些列的重要突破。为了满足我国境内中高纬度电离层的探测需求,在子午工程二期的支持下,中国科学院国家空间科学中心自主研发一部灵敏性双极光高频雷达,采用全数字相控阵技术实现雷达波束在视场范围内的任意扫描,突破传统SuperDARN雷达固定波束、以及固定波束间隔的限制。俯仰角信息的获知可以确定探测目标的高度方位,这是探测电离层不规则体和对流的必要参数。在世界范围内,俯仰角信息的获取是电离层探测工作中一项重要并且较为困难的研究重点。国际SuperDARN雷达采用成熟的单基线测量算法和其它模型配合来获得仰角信息,却总是伴随着2π混叠效应。新一代TIGER-3雷达的研制成功,引入了多基线的思想来消除2π混叠效应,从而获得准确的仰角信息,但却带来了天线阵占地面积大、增益减小等方面的弊端,同时也不适用于传统的高频雷达。而AgileDARN雷达全数字相控阵技术为平衡各方面因素且能够准确获知仰角信息提供了可能。本文的目的就是研究设计基于AgileDARN雷达系统的仰角测量系统:研究分析仰角测量算法原理和搭建系统FPGA软件平台,为后续的AgileDARN雷达项目工作奠定基础。本文完成的主要工作如下:(1)调研国内外SuperDARN雷达发展状况,分析国际上最为常用的仰角测量技术:单基线测量技术的算法原理和双辅阵测量技术的算法原理。同时对算法的影响因素、精度、优劣进行详细的分析和研究。(2)对AgileDARN雷达系统进行深入的了解和分析,尤其掌握数字化相控阵技术。基于AgileDARN雷达系统设计仰角测量算法,并作出测量算法的精度分析,最后给出算法模型。(3)基于AgileDARN雷达仰角测量算法的设计需求,详细设计和实现雷达数字系统的FPGA软件平台,并通ISim和Modelsim仿真软件进行了各模块的逻辑功能验证。同时在此平台上开发多基线数据获取的FPGA软件程序,获得封装后的完整软件平台。(4)在MATLAB中搭建算法模型,验证算法的有效性,并编写“高频雷达仰角测量仪”软件以备使用;本文通过雷达测试系统对FPGA软件平台进行功能验证,生成雷达发射时序并将采集回波上传到上位机。雷达数字系统的整个工作链路得到验证,为后续的工作奠定了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:The ionosphere is that the space environment from the surface of more than 60 kilometers, is the largest area of human activity. With the progress of science and technology, more and more research activities by the ionospheric effects. Therefore ionosphere detection is a key problem in the field of scientific research, especially in the high latitude ionosphere. From the beginning in the middle of 80s, international high frequency radar in the high latitude ionosphere continue to grow, and the establishment of the international super Gemini auroral radar observation network Super Dual, Auroral Radar Network, referred to as the SuperDARN.SuperDARN radar network because of its wide geographical coverage and high precision continuous measurement has become an important tool to study the ionospheric observations of ionospheric activities. High latitude Chinese I our exploration activities started relatively late, the Zhongshan Railway Station was built in 2010 to join the international SuperDARN high frequency radar Radar network, and has made a significant breakthrough in some columns. In order to meet the need of the detection within the territory of China in the high latitude ionosphere, in support of the meridian project phase two, China Academy of Sciences and the National Space Science Center developed a sensitivity of dual auroral HF radar, using digital technology to achieve phased array radar beam scanning in any field within the scope of the breakthrough of the traditional SuperDARN radar fixed beam, and the limitation of fixed beam separation. That can determine the altitude and azimuth of target pitch angle information, which is to detect the ionospheric irregularities and the essential parameters for flow. In the world, get the pitch angle information is the key point in the research work of an ionospheric sounding important and difficult. The international SuperDARN radar adopts single baseline measurement algorithm and other mature model with elevation information obtained, but always with 2 pi Aliasing effect. The successful development of a new generation of TIGER-3 radar, the introduction of multi baseline thought 2 pi to eliminate the aliasing effect, so as to obtain accurate elevation information, but brought the antenna array area, and other aspects of the drawbacks of gain reduction, high frequency radar also does not apply to the traditional AgileDARN radar. Full digital phased array technology for all aspects of balance and can provide the accurate estimate of elevation information. The purpose of this paper is to research and design based on the elevation measurement system of AgileDARN radar system: research and analysis of elevation measurement algorithm principle and build system FPGA software platform for AgileDARN radar project follow-up to lay the foundation. The main work is as follows: (1) the development status of domestic and foreign SuperDARN radar, analysis of the most commonly used algorithm: elevation measurement principle of single baseline measurement technology and two auxiliary array test The principle of the algorithm. At the same time, the accuracy of measurement technology on algorithm factors, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and studied in detail. (2) in-depth understanding and analysis of the AgileDARN radar system, especially digital technology. The design master phased array radar system AgileDARN elevation measurement method based on the analysis, and make the measurement accuracy of the algorithm, the algorithm is given model. (3) the design requirement of AgileDARN radar elevation measurement algorithm based on FPGA software platform, and the realization of radar digital system design in detail, and the logic function of each module verified through ISim and Modelsim simulation software. At the same time on this platform to develop the multi baseline data acquisition FPGA software program, complete software platform after packaging.. (4) to build the model in MATLAB algorithm, verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, and the preparation of "high frequency radar elevation measurement software for the use of the radar test; The system performs functional verification on the FPGA software platform, generates radar launch timing and uploads the echo to the host computer. The whole working link of the radar digital system is verified, which lays a solid foundation for subsequent work.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院国家空间科学中心)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN958

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