基于物联网的社区慢病健康管理策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 05:28

本文关键词：基于物联网的社区慢病健康管理策略研究　出处：《安徽医科大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：背景:随着社会经济的发展,人民生活方式改变,老龄化进程加快,慢性非传染性疾病(以下简称“慢病”)以其高患病率、高致死率、高致残率、漫长病程等特点,对人类健康、经济、社会造成了严重的危害。医疗资源分配不均与人民日益增长的健康需求之间的矛盾,导致慢病管理工作成效不足。现今物联网技术的快速发展,及其在医疗领域的迅速渗透,给慢病控制带来了一条新型的管理道路。目的:在生物-心理-社会医学模式的指导下,基于国家分级诊疗制度推行的重要任务要求,利用物联网技术,建立一条有效、科学、合理的慢病健康管理策略。促进慢病管理变“被动管理”为“自主管理”,为患者提供优质、连续、全程的慢病管理服务,促进慢病患者生活质量的提高;促进医疗资源合理分配,规范就医秩序,形成合理就医格局,缓解大医院就医压力,提高基层医疗机构和医生的卫生服务能力。方法:通过文献分析法了解我国慢病管理领域面临的问题和挑战、国内的政策环境以及国内外慢病管理的经验,构想并设计一种以高血压、糖尿病为切入点基于物联网技术的社区慢病健康管理策略;通过半结构式访谈法进行基于物联网的社区慢病健康管理的需求分析,并根据需求分析和国内外经验建立具体的管理方案和策略;通过项目试点进行实践验证,然后采用访谈法对管理策略进行初步评价;最后运用鱼骨图分析法探索基于物联网的社区慢病健康管理面对的问题及原因,提出针对性的建议。结果:以医院医疗技术为支撑,以社区卫生服务中心为重点,以患者和家庭为服务主体,运用相应的感知终端,建立管理信息系统为慢病患者提供综合的医疗服务。将线下医疗服务与“健康管理系统平台”线上健康管理结合,具体管理策略包括建立健康档案管理、健康分析评估、健康干预计划、动态跟踪随访、健康咨询、健康教育、家庭-社区-医院联动双向转诊等。结论:基于物联网的社区慢病健康管理策略通过社区项目试点,初步评价效果良好。患者基本能按照要求上传数据,对感知设备使用情况反映良好,积极在医生和健康管理师的指导干预下,进行药物治疗和饮食、运动等生活方式改善以及心理调整、健康教育等。由于项目试点时间不长,没有进行定量的管理效果评价,定性评价患者和医务人员满意度评价总体良好。通过对基于物联网的慢病管理存在问题的原因分析,从制度规范、经济、人员、管理策略、技术等方面提出针对性建议,以期促进慢病管理的持续有效发展。
[Abstract]:Background: with the development of social economy, people's lifestyle changes, the aging process is accelerated, chronic non-communicable diseases (hereinafter referred to as "chronic diseases") for its high prevalence, high mortality, high disability rate. The long course of disease has caused serious harm to human health, economy and society, and the contradiction between the uneven distribution of medical resources and the growing health needs of the people. The current rapid development of Internet of things technology and its rapid penetration in the medical field. Under the guidance of biological psycho-social medical model and based on the important task requirements of the national hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system the use of Internet of things technology. To establish an effective, scientific and reasonable health management strategy for chronic illness, to promote the change of chronic disease management from "passive management" to "independent management", and to provide patients with high quality, continuous and complete chronic disease management services. To improve the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases; To promote the rational distribution of medical resources, standardize the order of medical treatment, form a reasonable pattern of medical treatment, ease the pressure of large hospitals to seek medical treatment. Methods: through the literature analysis to understand the problems and challenges in the field of chronic disease management, the domestic policy environment and the experience of chronic disease management at home and abroad. To conceive and design a community health management strategy based on Internet of things (IOT) based on hypertension and diabetes. The demand analysis of community chronic health management based on the Internet of things was carried out by semi-structured interview method, and the concrete management plan and strategy were established according to the needs analysis and experience at home and abroad. Through the project pilot to verify the practice, and then the use of interviews to carry out preliminary evaluation of the management strategy; Finally, fish bone map analysis was used to explore the problems and causes of community chronic disease health management based on the Internet of things, and put forward targeted suggestions. Results: hospital medical technology as the support. The community health service center as the focus, patients and families as the main service, the use of the corresponding perception terminal. To establish a management information system for chronic patients to provide comprehensive medical services. Offline medical services and "health management system platform" online health management, the specific management strategies include the establishment of health records management. Health analysis and evaluation, health intervention plan, dynamic follow-up, health counseling, health education. Conclusion: the community health management strategy based on the Internet of things through the community project pilot, preliminary evaluation results are good, patients can basically upload data according to requirements. Good response to the use of sensory equipment, actively under the guidance of doctors and health management intervention, drug treatment and diet, exercise and other lifestyle improvement and psychological adjustment. Health education and so on. Because the project pilot time is not long, did not carry on the quantitative management effect appraisal. Qualitative evaluation of patients and medical staff satisfaction evaluation is good. Through the analysis of the causes of the problems in the management of chronic diseases based on the Internet of things, from the system norms, economic, personnel, management strategies. In order to promote the sustainable and effective development of chronic disease management, technical suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.44;TN929.5;R197.1

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