基于银纳米线的柔性薄膜压力传感器的研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 22:03

本文关键词： 多元醇法银纳米线柔性导电薄膜柔性薄膜压力传感器　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高长径比的银纳米线因其比表面积大、导电率高、制备工艺简单和易于分散掺杂制备柔性导电薄膜等优点而受到越来越多研究人员的关注。因此,银纳米线能够用作柔性传感器的导电填充材料、柔性太阳能电池电极和超级电容器电极等领域。此外,基于银纳米线的柔性薄膜压力传感器在智能可穿戴领域也呈现出巨大的应用前景。本课题采用改进的一步多元醇法,以氯化铜作为成核控制剂制备出了形貌可控、尺寸均匀的高长径比银纳米线,将碳纳米管和自制备的银纳米线掺杂到聚氨酯(PU)中制备出柔性导电薄膜。采用FE-SEM、EDS、XRD、紫外-可见分光光度计表征了不同反应温度、成核控制剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的分子量、硝酸银与PVP的质量比等工艺参数下的银纳米线形貌。随后,利用万能试验机和数字万用电表等仪器表征了柔性薄膜压力传感器的灵敏度、重复性和迟滞性等性能。实验结果显示:改进的一步多元醇法,将反应时间缩短到30分钟,随着反应温度的升高,银纳米线的含量逐渐降低,其直径由130±39nm增加到348±87nm,长度由12.3um±1.6um减少到3.6±0.7um,温度为160℃时,银纳米线的含量最多,长径比最大。成核控制剂为氯化钠时和氯化铁银纳米线的长径比范围分别为[75,109]和[11,22],前者的反应速度比后者慢。成核控制剂为氯化铜时,反应速度快且长径比范围为[74,113]。溶液粘度随着PVP分子量的增加而逐渐增加,导致实验操作难度增大,PVP分子量为58000时,银纳米线的外观形貌最佳,且长径比达到了[74,113]。银纳米线的产量随着硝酸银与PVP的质量比的增加而增加,当质量比为1:2时,银纳米线的长径比最大,且银纳米颗粒含量最少。银纳米线的掺杂改善了导电PU薄膜的力学性能,掺杂1wt%银纳米线的柔性导电薄膜的力学性能最好,其断裂载荷和断裂伸长率分别为21913.1±296.0MPa和440.6±18.3%,比5wt%碳纳米管薄膜的断裂载荷和断裂伸长率分别提高了 81.8%和39.7%;银纳米线含量为1wt%和5wt%的柔性导电薄膜,其电阻值随着拉力的增大而明显上升,最大值分别为1.7363×108Ω和1.3985×108Ω。对于柔性薄膜压力传感器,当载荷在0-50KPa之间,不同银纳米线含量的传感器呈现出较好的灵敏度,范围为[0.00111,0.6631];对于压缩循环测试,银纳米线含量为10wt%的传感器,在10次压缩循环中均表现出良好的重复性;银纳米线含量为10wt%时,最大迟滞误差最小,仅为0.0486。该传感器为智能可穿戴设备在监测人体健康数据,如脉搏、血压、呼吸、心跳等方面提供了条件。
[Abstract]:The high aspect ratio of silver nanowires because of its large surface area, high conductivity, advantages of simple preparation process and easy dispersion were prepared by doping flexible conductive film and more and more attention of researchers. Therefore, conductive filler material, silver nanowires can be used as a flexible sensor, flexible solar battery and super capacitor electrode the electrode for the fields. In addition, it shows a great application prospect of flexible thin film pressure sensor of silver nanowires can be worn in the field of intelligence. Based on this subject adopts step polyol method improved, using copper chloride as a nucleating agent was prepared by controlling the controllable morphology, uniform size of the high aspect ratio of silver nanowires and the prepared carbon nanotubes and silver nanowires doped into polyurethane (PU) in the preparation of flexible conductive film. By using FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, UV VIS spectrophotometer. The effects of reaction temperature, nucleating agent control, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecular weight, the quality of silver nitrate and PVP than the other parameters under the silver nanowire morphology. Then, using a universal testing machine and digital characterization sensitivity of flexible thin film pressure sensor of the meter and other instruments, repeatability and hysteresis properties. Experimental results show that the step polyol method improved, the reaction time is shortened to 30 minutes, with the increase of the reaction temperature, the content of silver nanowires decreased gradually, the diameter increased from 130 + 39nm to 348 + 87nm, 12.3um + 1.6um to reduce the length of the 3.6 + 0.7um, temperature is 160 degrees centigrade, the highest content of silver nanowires. The ratio of length to diameter. The maximum nucleation control agent for sodium chloride and ferric chloride and silver nanowire length diameter ratio range were [75109] and [11,22], the reaction speed of the former than the latter. The slow nucleation control agent for copper chloride, reaction speed and the ratio of length to diameter is in the range of [74113]. solution The viscosity increased with the increase of the molecular weight of PVP, leading to the difficulty of experimental operation is increased, the molecular weight of PVP was 58000, silver nanowire morphology, and the ratio of length to diameter reached [74113]. silver nanowires yield increased with the increase of the quality of the silver nitrate and the ratio of PVP, when the mass ratio was 1:2, silver nanowire length diameter ratio, and silver nanoparticles was the lowest. The silver nanowires doped to improve the mechanical properties of conductive PU thin films, the mechanical properties of flexible conductive 1wt% film doped with silver nanowires is best, the breaking load and elongation were 21913.1 + 296.0MPa and 440.6 + 18.3%, and the ratio of fracture load elongation of 5wt% carbon nanotube films were increased by 81.8% and 39.7%; the content of nano silver nanowires with flexible conductive film for 1wt% and 5wt%, its resistance value increases with the tension increased obviously, the maximum value is 1.7363 * 108 Omega respectively. And 1.3985 * 108 Omega. For the flexible thin film pressure sensor, when the load is in the range of 0-50KPa, sensors of different silver nanowires content showed good sensitivity, the range of [0.00111,0.6631]; for the compression cycle test, content of 10wt% nano silver nanowire sensor in the 10 compression cycle showed good repeatability; the content of nano silver nanowires is 10wt%, the maximum hysteresis error, only 0.0486. of the sensor for the smart wearable devices in monitoring human health data, such as blood pressure, pulse, breath, heartbeat provides conditions and so on.

【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.1;TP212

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