基于能量感知的ZigBee网络树路由算法研究及应用

发布时间：2018-02-06 03:23

本文关键词： ZigBee 邻居表路由能耗感知　出处：《东北电力大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络可为物联网底层提供感知监测的数据,必然会在大数据和物联网快速发展的机遇下得到蓬勃发展。但是,无线传感器网络受到实时性和能量供给等方面制约。研究表明,ZigBee节点间无线通信消耗的能量占节点总能耗的50%以上,选取合适的ZigBee网络路由算法,来解决节点能耗过大的问题,进而提高ZigBee网络的传输性能,推动ZigBee技术在复杂恶劣环境下的应用,具有较高的理论和实用价值。传统的ZigBee网络树路由算法只能沿着树状结构向上或者向下进行数据通信。优点在于算法简单,复杂度低,组网迅速。缺点在于路由选择时没有考虑邻居节点,很大程度上增加了节点转发跳数,并且ZigBee不同节点间的能量分布不均衡,会出现部分节点因频繁使用而变为失效节点的问题。通过对ZigBee路由算法进行对比分析,综合考虑国内外专家学者的研究方案,提出本课题的优化策略。本课题主要研究工作如下:(1)针对ZigBee网络树路由算法存在路径选择不优和能耗分布不均衡等问题,利用ZigBee网络层规范定义的邻居表,提出一种基于能量感知的ZigBee网络树路由优化算法。该算法主要从三个方面加以改进,其一考虑算法的实用性,判断节点是否具有路由转发功能;其二采用动态的能量阈值判断节点的能量状态,限制低能量节点使用,以避免网络分割的问题;其三按照树状结构计算所有剩余能量大于能量阈值的下一跳邻居节点到目的节点之间的跳数,选择合适的下一跳节点,以降低路由开销,并避免网络环路效应。搭建NS2.35新协议平台,仿真实验结果表明该算法明显改善网络分组递交率、节点转发跳数、端到端延时及能耗等性能,与经典的树路由算法、参考文献提出的树路由改进算法相比,节点的使用寿命分别延长了19.40%、12.68%左右。(2)为了验证该优化算法的实用性,根据项目的需要,将改进算法应用在智能限电控制系统中。该系统在电力公司办公区原有限电控制器基础上,增加ZigBee模块、温湿度测量模块、3G模块,其中为了验证算法降低网络能耗的性能,ZigBee模块中网络层的树路由算法采用不同的树路由算法,同时通过硬软件设计验证改进算法提出限制低能量节点使用的策略。测试结果表明,该系统的网络生命周期比未采用优化算法的系统延长了25.00%左右,并实现了智能限电的功能,具有一定的应用推广价值。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks can provide perceptual monitoring data for the bottom of the Internet of things, and will certainly flourish under the opportunity of big data and the rapid development of the Internet of things. Wireless sensor network is restricted by real-time and energy supply. The research shows that the energy consumption of wireless communication between ZigBee nodes is more than 50% of the total energy consumption. The proper routing algorithm of ZigBee network is chosen to solve the problem of excessive energy consumption of nodes and improve the transmission performance of ZigBee network. Promote the application of ZigBee technology in complex and harsh environment. The traditional ZigBee network tree routing algorithm can only carry out data communication up or down along the tree structure. The advantage is that the algorithm is simple and the complexity is low. The disadvantage is that the neighbor nodes are not taken into account in routing selection, which greatly increases the number of forwarding hops of nodes, and the energy distribution between different nodes in ZigBee is not balanced. Some nodes will become invalid nodes because of frequent use. Through the comparative analysis of ZigBee routing algorithm, comprehensive consideration of domestic and foreign experts and scholars' research programs. The main research work of this paper is as follows: 1) aiming at the ZigBee network tree routing algorithm, there are some problems such as poor path selection and unbalanced distribution of energy consumption. Based on the neighbor table defined by the ZigBee network layer specification, an energy-aware ZigBee network tree routing optimization algorithm is proposed, which is mainly improved from three aspects. Firstly, the practicability of the algorithm is considered to determine whether the node has the function of routing and forwarding. Secondly, the dynamic energy threshold is used to judge the energy state of the node, which limits the use of the low energy node, so as to avoid the problem of network segmentation. Thirdly, according to the tree structure, the number of hops between the next-hop neighbor node and the destination node whose residual energy is greater than the energy threshold is calculated, and the appropriate next-hop node is selected to reduce the routing overhead. And avoid the network loop effect. Build a new NS2.35 protocol platform, simulation results show that the algorithm significantly improves the performance of the network packet delivery rate, node forwarding hops, end-to-end delay and energy consumption. Compared with the classical tree routing algorithm and the improved tree routing algorithm proposed in reference, the service life of nodes is prolonged by 19.40% respectively. In order to verify the practicability of the optimization algorithm, according to the need of the project. The improved algorithm is applied to the intelligent power limit control system, which adds the ZigBee module and the temperature and humidity measurement module to the 3G module on the basis of the original power limit controller in the office area of the power company. In order to verify the performance of the algorithm to reduce network energy consumption, different tree routing algorithms are used in the network layer tree routing algorithm in ZigBee module. At the same time, the improved algorithm is proved by hardware and software design to limit the use of low-energy nodes. The test results show that the network life cycle of the system is about 25.00% longer than that of the system without optimization algorithm. The function of intelligent power limit is realized, which has certain application value.
【学位授予单位】：东北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN92

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